Illusion and reality in comparative physiology

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2151-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Comparative Physiology ◽  
Experimental Zoology ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Explanation

The dominant role of comparative physiology (syn. experimental zoology) in the recent history of animal biology is noted. Its objectives, e.g. of contributing to knowledge of phylogenetic relationships and of discovering the origins of physiological functions, are considered to have been largely illusory when the data are examined. It is argued that in reality comparative physiology is concerned only with the description of adaptations, albeit at a sophisticated technical and conceptual level compared with natural history or general morphology. Comparative physiology has not produced any special theory or general explanation for physiological adaptation going beyond Darwin's general theory of natural selection.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.

Language Planning and Policy in Nepal

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma K. Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Underdeveloped Country ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Language Planning And Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
History Of

Abstract The paper is an historical account of language planning and policy in Nepal, from the period of the first unification of Nepal in the 1700's up until the present day, with comments on possible future trends. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1951, when the Rana regime was first replaced by democratic experimentation and later by monarchal rule. The language policy of this post-1951 period is illustrated in the paper by co-ordinating government reports on the education system and development projects, newspaper articles, et cetera to the contemporary history of changes in government, of political party stands, and of Nepal's foreign policies. The author analyzes and comments on this co-ordination, demonstrating how language planning and policy formation is dependent on other political policies and events of the time. The two language policy controversies used as main examples in the paper are the Nepali-Hindi controversy, and to a lesser extent, the Nepali-Newari controversy. Explanations for the dominant role of these two controversies in an underdeveloped country with over forty languages are given.

Wanted: A Comparative History of the Modern Mediterranean

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Edmund Burke
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Third World ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Third World

There is something seriously flawed about models of social change that posit the dominant role of in-built civilizational motors. While “the rise of the West” makes great ideology, it is poor history. Like Jared Diamond, I believe that we need to situate the fate of nations in a long-term ecohistorical context. Unlike Diamond, I believe that the ways (and the sequences) in which things happened mattered deeply to what came next. The Mediterranean is a particularly useful case in this light. No longer a center of progress after the sixteenth century, the decline of the Mediterranean is usually ascribed to its inherent cultural deficiencies. While the specific cultural infirmity varies with the historian (amoral familism, patron/clientalism, and religion are some of the favorites) its civilizationalist presuppositions are clear. In this respect the search for “what went wrong” typifies national histories across the region and prefigures the fate of the Third World.

Plutarch’s Lives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Rule Out

This chapter discusses first the general cosmological principles which lie behind Plutarch’s historiographical work, such as can be recovered through significant passages of his Delphic Dialogues. Second, it investigates the reasons why Plutarch wrote biographies, and more specifically parallel biographies, instead of outright histories: in this way, Plutarch aimed to emphasize, on the one hand, the dominant role of individual personalities in the political world of his own time, and, on the other hand, the mutual and exclusive relevance of Greece and Rome in the history of human culture. Third, the chapter seeks to connect the rise-and-fall pattern, typical of biography, with the general rise-and-fall pattern which Plutarch recognizes both in the Greek and in the Roman civilizations; through that connection one can rule out the idea that Plutarch had any providential view of history. Finally, some reflections are offered on Nietzsche’s special interest in Plutarch’s biographies.

Yu.F. Samarin and Discussions on the All-class Zemstvo in the Works of Russian Conservatives in Post-reform Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Maria A.  Saevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

Local self-administration was introduced in Russia by the Tsar Alexander II “Liberator” in 1864 and became one of the most important political events in the Russian Empire of that time. The new reform immediately sparked vigorous discussions on how exactly the Russian Zemstvo should be organized. The question of the role and importance of classes in Zemstvo institutions became most important. The Russian conservatives were also looking for the answer. Some of them considered that it was necessary to defend the old imperial order and the dominant role of the nobility, others hoped that Zemstvo would become a nationwide force based on the principle of the participation of all classes. Yu. F. Samarin, Zemstvo leader, Slavophil and the author of the most prominent project on the history of Zemstvo in Russia, supported the second alternative. He consistently criticized the idyll of the nobility domination in Zemstvo, asserted the ability of the peasants for self-government, and supported introducing the principle of all-classes representation in Zemstvo institutions of the Russian empire.

Towards a General Explanation for the Survival of the Private Asylum

10.1068/c15r ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Moon ◽  
Alun E Joseph ◽  
Robin Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
General Explanation

Taken together, the ascendancy of community care and the dominant role of the state as a funder of services have meant that private sector residential care for people with mental health problems is now a rarity in most countries. Yet private asylums have persisted in some places. The authors propose an analytical framework for understanding such ‘institutional survivals’. This framework problematises the public—private and community—asylum boundaries that have hitherto been taken for granted. The framework is applied to case studies in Canada and New Zealand. Survival of these institutions is found to be centrally associated with accommodations with legislative environments, proactive innovation, and the availability of markets.

scholarly journals Repositioning the Role of Written Sources in Archaeological Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Zorica Kuzmanović
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

Contrary to the general attitude that the role of written sources in archaeological research marks the separation between two distinct fields of research – prehistorical and historical archaeology, the critical research into the history of the discipline points that the development of archaeology has not followed this pattern. Rather, the dominant role of the written sources in the study of classical past has been transferred onto the practices of prehistorical archaeology. Discussing the role of ancient sources in the research of the so-called "Illyrian question", this paper addresses the consequences of this dominant role of written sources in the archaeological study of the past and points to the ways in which the interpretation of the classical texts influenced the theoretical- methodological framework of research of the late prehistory of the Balkans.

Trustee, State and Stakeholder: Hindu Temple Management in Contemporary India, 1957–2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Interest Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Temple

The literature on temple management in colonial and post-colonial India focusses on the dominant role of the trustees and the impact of state intervention. However, this article tries to grasp significance of the role of the stakeholders in the temple management as a bridge between the trustees and the state by analyzing the management history of the Rani Sati temple from 1957 to 2012. It will first explain the historical background of this temple and its managers, the Marwaris. The second section analyzes the form of the temple management from the 1950s to 1970s, and the judicial case against the traditional temple stakeholders, then chief priest and his family members. Because of the national controversy over sati in the late 1980s, public interest groups emerged as the new stakeholders of the temple. Third, this article clarifies the state’s intervention in the temple’s management according to the influence of new the stakeholders. By focussing on the role of the stakeholders, this article discloses how a state intervention can be initiated by the stakeholders and the possibility of transformation of the temple management. JEL: M14, K41, Z12

scholarly journals Olive groves around the lake. A ten-thousand-year history of a Cretan landscape (Greece) reveals the dominant role of humans in making this Mediterranean ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 107072
Author(s):  
Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot ◽  
Tiziana Pedrotta ◽  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Sophie Field ◽  
Roberto Sulpizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Olive Groves

scholarly journals The New Rhetoric of Ch. Perelman and the Method Ways of Rhetoric Argumentation in H. Poincaré Works

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Shatin ◽  
I. V. Silantev
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step

The article discusses the prerequisites for the creation of a neo-rhetorical theory of the Brussels school. The authors proceed from the premise that the doctrine created by Ch. Perelman was not a one-step act, but was the result of a change in the scientific and philosophical paradigm of the first half of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that persuasiveness as the main core of the theory of argumentation was not known to scientists, in their writings they actively promoted ideas related to the role of intuition in learning scientific truths, widely using analogy techniques and metaphors borrowed from natural languages. The main actor in the article is H. Poincaré, a famous physicist, one of the creators of the special theory of relativity, and a popularizer of science, who went down in history of its formation as an active fighter with logocentrism.

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