Individual and group behaviour of pastured cattle in response to attack by biting flies

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Ralley ◽  
Terry D. Galloway ◽  
Gary H. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Group Behaviour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Horse Flies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biting Fly ◽  
Behaviour Data

In 1983 and 1984 the impact of biting flies on the behaviour of pastured heifers was determined for two herds of cattle in eastern Manitoba. One herd received a whole-body spray of cypermethrin (0.1% active ingredient) per animal every 14 days and the other was an untreated control herd. Horse flies (predominantly Hybomitra spp.) were the most bothersome to the heifers, with peak numbers of flies mostly occurring between 11:00 and 15:00. Horse flies and mosquitoes (Aedes spp.) caused an increase in individual avoidance responses of the animals, including head tosses, foot stomps, ear flicks, and tail switches. In 1983, the numbers of tail switches and foot stomps were significantly higher in the control herd, and in 1984, the numbers of head tosses were significantly higher in the treated herd. The formation of grazing lines and bunching were the most prevalent herd responses to biting fly attack. Stampeding was observed only under the most extreme mosquito pressure. Using canonical discriminant analysis on behaviour data, significant differences were identified in behaviour before and after July 10, 1984. Similarly, animals treated with cypermethrin displayed significantly fewer behavioural responses to biting fly attack than nontreated animals.

scholarly journals Impact of treated sewage on meiobenthic nematodes: a case study from the Tunisian Refining Industries Company

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hedfi ◽  
M. Ben Ali ◽  
A. Noureldeen ◽  
H. Darwish ◽  
T. Saif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bizerte Bay ◽  
De Man ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.

scholarly journals ‘If a fight starts, watch the crowd’: The effect of violence on popular support for social movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Eva Anduiza
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Street Violence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Social movements often face tactic diversification. In otherwise nonviolent movements, some groups or radical flanks may resort to violent actions such as street rioting. This article analyzes the impact that these violent episodes can have on popular support for the movement as a whole. To estimate the causal effect of violence, it exploits an unexpected riot outbreak that occurred during the fieldwork of a face-to-face survey in Barcelona in May 2016, led by a squat group linked to the anti-austerity movement known as the 15-M or indignados that emerged during the financial crisis. By comparing respondents interviewed before and after the riots, it finds that the street violence episode reduced support for the 15-M movement by 12 percentage points on average. However, the magnitude of the effect is highly conditional on the respondents’ predispositions towards the movement. Core supporters, that are expected to share the frame of the movement in justifying violent actions, are the least affected by the violent outbreak. On the other extreme, weak supporters, opposers, and non-aligned citizens reduce their support to a larger extent. Results are robust to different specifications and a wide range of robustness checks. These findings have potentially important implications for movements concerned with broadening their support base.

scholarly journals The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Park ◽  
David D. Church ◽  
Carlene Starck ◽  
Scott E. Schutzler ◽  
Gohar Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Kiwifruit

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine if an actinidin protease aids gastric digestion and the protein anabolic response to dietary protein. Methods Hayward green kiwifruit (containing an actinidin protease) and Hort 16A gold kiwifruit (devoid of actinidin protease) were given in conjunction with a beef meal to healthy older subjects. Twelve healthy older males (N = 6) and females (N = 6) were studied with a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design to assess muscle and whole-body protein metabolism before and after ingestion of kiwifruit and 100 g of ground beef. Subjects consumed 2 of each variety of kiwifruit daily for 14 d prior to each metabolic study, and again during each study with beef intake. Results Hayward green kiwifruit consumption with beef resulted in a more rapid increase in peripheral plasma essential amino acid concentrations. There were significant time by kiwifruit intake interactions for plasma concentrations of EAAs, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and leucine (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the total amount of EAAs absorbed. As a result, there were no differences between kiwifruit in any of the measured parameters of protein kinetics. Conclusion Consumption of Hayward green kiwifruit, with a beef meal facilitates protein digestion and absorption of the constituent amino acids as compared to Hort 16A gold kiwifruit. Clinical trial NCT04356573, April 21, 2020 “retrospectively registered”.

The Impact of Adopting Electronic Trading System on Performance of the Amman Stock Exchange

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Najeb M.H. Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to highlight the impact of adopting electronic trading System on performance of the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) represented in the (value traded) and (market capitalisation) where, for the implementation of that, secondary data were collected from (taken from the monthly statistical bulletins of the Stock Exchange) related to the study variables, where an analysis of the difference between the middle two samples: the first study variables before the introduction of the system, and the other after you have inserted, to find out whether there is a significant difference between the size of the stock exchange in trading before and after the introduction of the electronic trading system, and whether there is a significant difference between the value between the market value of securities listed on the stock exchange before and after the introduction of the system. The results of the study show that the use of the electronic trading system as an alternative to the manual trading system has contributed to raise the volume of trading and the market value of the ASE. We believes that the result of the increase in the degree of transparency and security for traders and investors in the stock market, and give great flexibility and different information to brokers facilitated an analysis of the situation of companies traded faster, which achieved more justice, speed and ease of execution of orders, on the other hand, the system has led to facilitate control over the trading operations and the dissemination of information in real time for both local or foreign investors which contributes to increase the depth and liquidity of the market.

scholarly journals Knowledge Management in the Hotel Industry Before and After the Entry in the EU: The Case of Slovenia

Organizacija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rudež
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measurement Development ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Knowledge Management in the Hotel Industry Before and After the Entry in the EU: The Case of SloveniaThe paper deals with the impact of the EU entry on knowledge management in the hotel industry in Slovenia. For this purpose, the empirical research on knowledge management was carried out among hotel managers. It explored the changes in knowledge management between 2003 and 2006; that is before and after Slovenia entered the EU. The research revealed a progress in this period of time in knowledge management goals definition, transformation of not-owned into owned knowledge, inclusion of knowledge management in business reports, identification and elimination of the gaps between planned and actual knowledge. On the other hand, there was no further progress in the field of strategies and policy of knowledge management, perception of the importance of knowledge management's measurement, development of measures of knowledge management and diminishment of barriers to knowledge development. Further, several recommendations are suggested for hotel managers.

scholarly journals Multicomponent Exercise Improves Physical Functioning but Not Cognition and Hemodynamic Parameters in Elderly Osteoarthritis Patients Regardless of Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio José Coelho-Júnior ◽  
Ivan de Oliveira Gonçalvez ◽  
Iris Callado Sanches ◽  
Leandro Gonçalves ◽  
Erico Chagas Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-month multicomponent exercise program (MCEP) on physical function, cognition, and hemodynamic parameters of elderly normotensive (NTS) and hypertensive (HTS) osteoarthritis patients. A total of 99 elderly osteoarthritis patients (44 NTS and 55 HTS) were recruited and submitted to functional, cognitive, and hemodynamic evaluations before and after six months of a MCEP. The program of exercise was performed twice a week at moderate intensity. The physical exercises aggregated functional and walking exercises. Results indicate that 6 months of MCEP were able to improve one-leg stand and mobility (walking speeds) of osteoarthritis patients regardless of hypertension. On the other hand, cognitive and hemodynamic parameters were not altered after the MCEP. The findings of the present study demonstrate that 6 months of MCEP were able to improve the physical functioning (i.e., usual and maximal walking speed and balance) of osteoarthritis patients regardless of hypertensive condition.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyethylene Carrying Bags Before and After Isothermal Oxidative Aging in an Oven

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-548
Author(s):  
Malik Jehanzeb Khurram ◽  
Musa Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Leonardo C. Simon ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Cun-Yueguo Cun-Yueguo
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

Utility of polymeric material is a major contribution to the production of waste, particularly in Pakistan. An easy escape to it is the damping in the land which is not commendable for an environmental point of view. On the other hand, the aging of polymer is analogous to its burial conditions under the soil in the absence of light. Therefore, in this research report, two different brands of polyethylene carrying bags were investigated. One sample was obtained from Pakistan abbreviated as sample `Y` while the other from Canada abbreviated as `E`. In order to accelerate the degradation process and to observe the impact of aging in a shorter span of time, these samples were heated at an elevated temperature (80�C) in an oven for the period of 20 days. The samples were characterized before and after aging with an interval of 2 days by applying different techniques like FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Carbonyl peak at 1715 cm-1 was observed only in the case of sample `E` displaying carbonyl index value as 28.45 % after 20 days of aging. The SEM images before and after aging revealed that the degradation took place at preferential sites in case of sample `Y` and at numerous sites in case of sample `E`. The results of percent crystallinity obtained by DSC showed an increasing pattern with aging for both the samples and was high in case of sample `E.` The activation energy determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa showed a decreasing pattern for both the samples with aging. It concluded that the thermal aging initiates the process of degradation which was then accelerated by heating in TGA oven. The order of reaction was slightly decreased after aging for both the samples and was found to be independent of the heating rate.

scholarly journals The Exercising Brain: Changes in Functional Connectivity Induced by an Integrated Multimodal Cognitive and Whole-Body Coordination Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traute Demirakca ◽  
Vita Cardinale ◽  
Sven Dehn ◽  
Matthias Ruf ◽  
Gabriele Ende
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coordination Training ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated the impact of “life kinetik” training on brain plasticity in terms of an increased functional connectivity during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The training is an integrated multimodal training that combines motor and cognitive aspects and challenges the brain by introducing new and unfamiliar coordinative tasks. Twenty-one subjects completed at least 11 one-hour-per-week “life kinetik” training sessions in 13 weeks as well as before and after rs-fMRI scans. Additionally, 11 control subjects with 2 rs-fMRI scans were included. The CONN toolbox was used to conduct several seed-to-voxel analyses. We searched for functional connectivity increases between brain regions expected to be involved in the exercises. Connections to brain regions representing parts of the default mode network, such as medial frontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, did not change. Significant connectivity alterations occurred between the visual cortex and parts of the superior parietal area (BA7). Premotor area and cingulate gyrus were also affected. We can conclude that the constant challenge of unfamiliar combinations of coordination tasks, combined with visual perception and working memory demands, seems to induce brain plasticity expressed in enhanced connectivity strength of brain regions due to coactivation.

Prepyriform electrical activity after 250 r whole-body X irradiation in rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Rosenthal ◽  
Paola S. Timiras
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lateral Olfactory Tract ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Olfactory Tract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Prepyriform Cortex

Evoked and spontaneous electrical activity was recorded from the prepyriform cortex of rats with permanently implanted electrodes. Evoked responses were obtained by lateral olfactory tract stimulation. Measurements of the electrical activity were made daily for 10 days before and after 250 r of whole-body X irradiation. Radiation did not significantly alter spontaneous activity. On the other hand, irradiation produced a decrease in the latency of the evoked response and a reduction in the average voltage of the response to a test stimulus given 12–24 msec after a conditioning stimulus. The results were interpreted in terms of an increase in conduction velocity in the olfactory tract axons and a reduction of the action of prepyriform inhibitory elements after irradiation.

scholarly journals Effects of testosterone replacement on serotonin levels in the prostate and plasma in a murine model of hypogonadism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Mota ◽  
João Barbosa-Martins ◽  
Rute S. Moura ◽  
Estêvão Lima ◽  
Alice Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prostate Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Plasmatic Concentration

Abstract Benign prostate hyperplasia is a dysfunctional disease with an elevated prevalence. Despite the accepted impact of aging and testosterone (TES) in its pathophysiology, its aetiology remains unknown. Recent studies described that serotonin (5-HT) inhibits benign prostate growth through the modulation of the androgen receptor, in the presence of TES. Accordingly, this work aimed to determine the impact of castration and TES replacement in plasmatic and prostatic 5-HT regulation. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to surgical castration and divided into three groups, continually exposed to either vehicle or different TES doses for 14 days. Plasmatic 5-HT concentration was measured before and after castration, and after TES reintroduction. Finally, total prostatic weight and intra-prostatic 5-HT were determined in the different groups. Our results demonstrate that mice prostate exhibits high 5-HT tissue levels and that intra-prostatic total 5-HT was independent of castration or TES reintroduction, in all studied groups. Also, 5-HT plasmatic concentration significantly increased after castration and then normalized after TES administration. Our findings revealed that mice prostate has a high 5-HT content and that total prostatic 5-HT levels do not depend on androgens’ action. On the other hand, castration induced a significant increase in plasmatic 5-HT concentration, raising the hypothesis that androgens might be regulating the production of extra-prostatic 5-HT.

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