QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS BY PARTICLE INDUCED X- RAY EMISSION (PIXE) OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN LUNG TISSUE OF IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA PATIENT

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OGAWA ◽  
K. KUBOTA ◽  
J. YAEGASHI ◽  
N. MAIYA ◽  
M. TAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dust Inhalation ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Initial Agent ◽  
Normal Controls

It has been previously shown that activated alveolar macrophage in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) played an important role in the process of fibrosing, but the initial agent which activates alveolar macrophages has not been proved. The present study was designed to make quantitative analyses of trace elements in the lung tissue speciments of IIP patients and normal controls. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was used. The IIP group consisted of 11 patients and the Control group, which had no apparent history for dust inhalation and lung diseases, consisted of 9 subjects. More silicon and magnesium were found in the IIP group than in the normal controls. These data suggested that inhalation of silicon and magnesium might be one of the etiologic factors of IIP.

scholarly journals In-air microparticle induced X-ray emission analysis of particles in interstitial pneumonia lung tissue obtained by transbronchial biopsy

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Shimizu ◽  
Shinichi Matsuzaki ◽  
Takahiro Satoh ◽  
Masashi Koka ◽  
Akihito Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Transbronchial Biopsy ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Early detection of radiation-induced lung damage with X-ray dark-field radiography in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Burkhardt ◽  
Thomas Gora ◽  
Alexander A. Fingerle ◽  
Andreas P. Sauter ◽  
Felix Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Healthy Lung

Abstract Objective Assessing the advantage of x-ray dark-field contrast over x-ray transmission contrast in radiography for the detection of developing radiation-induced lung damage in mice. Methods Two groups of female C57BL/6 mice (irradiated and control) were imaged obtaining both contrasts monthly for 28 weeks post irradiation. Six mice received 20 Gy of irradiation to the entire right lung sparing the left lung. The control group of six mice was not irradiated. A total of 88 radiographs of both contrasts were evaluated for both groups based on average values for two regions of interest, covering (irradiated) right lung and healthy left lung. The ratio of these average values, R, was distinguished between healthy and damaged lungs for both contrasts. The time-point when deviations of R from healthy lung exceeded 3σ was determined and compared among contrasts. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to test against the null hypothesis that there is no difference between both groups. A selection of 32 radiographs was assessed by radiologists. Sensitivity and specificity were determined in order to compare the diagnostic potential of both contrasts. Inter-reader and intra-reader accuracy were rated with Cohen’s kappa. Results Radiation-induced morphological changes of lung tissue caused deviations from the control group that were measured on average 10 weeks earlier with x-ray dark-field contrast than with x-ray transmission contrast. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy doubled using dark-field radiography. Conclusion X-ray dark-field radiography detects morphological changes of lung tissue associated with radiation-induced damage earlier than transmission radiography in a pre-clinical mouse model. Key Points • Significant deviations from healthy lung due to irradiation were measured after 16 weeks with x-ray dark-field radiography (p = 0.004). • Significant deviations occur on average 10 weeks earlier for x-ray dark-field radiography in comparison to x-ray transmission radiography. • Sensitivity and specificity doubled when using x-ray dark-field radiography instead of x-ray transmission radiography.

LUNATE MORPHOLOGY OF KIENBÖCK'S DISEASE ON X-RAY STUDY

Hand Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kato ◽  
R. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Kienböck’S Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kienböck's Disease ◽  
Type D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Kienbock’S Disease

To investigate whether the lunate morphology proposed by Watson predisposes to Kienböck's disease, we investigated 23 patients with Kienböck's disease and 24 normal controls. Lateral X-ray films showed 17 of type D (dorsally lower height) lunate; 2 of type P (palmary lower height); and 1 of type N (equal palmar height to dorsal). In the control group, there were 21 of type D; 2 of type P; and 1 of type N, among 24 patients. The mean wedge ratio was 1.17 (1.08–1.35) in type D of the Kienböck group, and 1.11 (1.03–1.41) in type D of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and palmar and dorsal lunate morphology is not believed to predispose to Kienböck's disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between patients with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoosh Fatemi ◽  
Maryam Allahdadian ◽  
Mehrnoosh Bahadorani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women and is identified by reversal emotional, psychological, and physical signs during the luteal phase. These signs, however, lower down in the follicular phase. The cause of PMS isn’t very well-known up to now control group and many researchers have suggested that mineral compounds and vitamins can inhibit these symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between normal controls and patients with PMS. Materials and Methods: 300 female students (19–21 yr old) from Falavarjan County were randomly selected and asked to complete a standard questionnaire on PMS during three menstruation cycles. The students were divided into two groups: healthy persons (control) and PMS persons, and PMS was determined on the basis of the answers to the questionnaire. Thereafter, the serum concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and Vitamin D3 were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: Our results showed that the PMS prevalence was about 41.5%. The level of vitamin D decreased in both the control and PMS groups, with a significantly lower range of vitamin D (p 0.05) in the PMS group. Other factors had no significant change between the two groups. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was probably one of the most important causes of unpleasant symptoms of PMS between these students. Key words: Premenstrual syndrome, Trace elements, Vitamin D.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Microanalytical Identification of a New Zr-Nb-Fe Phase

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
O.T. Woo ◽  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Proportionality Factor ◽  
Tube Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Intermetallic Particles ◽  
Intermetallic Precipitates ◽  
Cold Worked

To study the influence of trace elements on the corrosion and hydrogen ingress in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tube material, buttons of this alloy containing up to 0.83 at% Fe were made by arc-melting. The buttons were then annealed at 973 K for three days, furnace cooled, followed by ≈80% cold-rolling. The microstructure of cold-worked Zr-2.5 at% Nb-0.83 at% Fe (Fig. 1) contained both β-Zr and intermetallic precipitates in the α-Zr grains. The particles were 0.1 to 0.7 μm in size, with shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal and often contained faults. β-Zr appeared either roughly spherical or as irregular elongated patches, often extending to several micrometres.The composition of the intermetallic particles seen in Fig. 1 was determined using Van Cappellen’s extrapolation technique for energy dispersive X-ray analysis of thin metal foils. The method was employed to avoid corrections for absorption and fluorescence via the Cliff-Lorimer equation: CA/CB = kAB · IA/IB, where CA and CB are the concentrations by weight of the elements A and B, and IA and IB are the X-ray intensities; kAB is a proportionality factor.

XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

The self and schizophrenia: a cognitive approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznanski
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to explore the basic features of self-schema in persons with schizophrenia. Thirty two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were asked to select personality trait words from a check-list that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like. Compared with the control group, participants from the experimental group chose significantly more adjectives that were common to descriptions of self and others, and significantly less that were common to self and past-self descriptions. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients experience their personality as changing over time much more than do healthy subjects. Moreover, their self-representation seems to be less differentiated from others-representation and less clearly defined than in normal subjects.

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