RETIMING SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS FOR LOW POWER

1996 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MONTEIRO ◽  
SRINIVAS DEVADAS ◽  
ABHIJIT GHOSH
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Sequential Circuits ◽  
Exact Method ◽  
Switching Activity ◽  
Kolmogorov Equations ◽  
Sequential Circuit ◽  
Clock Period ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Combinational And Sequential Circuits

Switching activity is a primary cause of power dissipation in combinational and sequential circuits. In this paper, we present a retiming method that targets the power dissipation of a sequential circuit by reducing the switching activity of nodes driving large capacitive loads. We explore the implications of the observation that the switching activity at flip-flop outputs in a synchronous sequential circuit can be significantly less than the activity at the flip-flop inputs. The method automatically determines positions of flip-flops in the circuit so as to heuristically minimize weighted switching activities summed over all the gates and flip-flops in the circuit. We extend this method to minimize power dissipation with a specified clock period. For this work we need to obtain efficiently an estimation of the switching activity of every node in the circuit. We give an exact method of estimating power in pipelined sequential circuits that accurately models the correlation between the vectors applied to the combinational logic of the circuit. This method is significantly more efficient than methods based on solving Chapman–Kolmogorov equations. Experimental results are presented on a variety of circuits.

Design of a novel quantum reversible ternary up-counter

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouran Houshmand ◽  
Majid Haghparast
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Reversible Logic ◽  
Sequential Circuits ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combinational And Sequential Circuits ◽  
Better Than

Reversible logic has been recently considered as an interesting and important issue in designing combinational and sequential circuits. The combination of reversible logic and multi-valued logic can improve power dissipation, time and space utilization rate of designed circuits. Only few works have been reported about sequential reversible circuits and almost there are no paper exhibited about quantum ternary reversible counter. In this paper, first we designed 2-qutrit and 3-qutrit quantum reversible ternary up-counters using quantum ternary reversible T-flip-flop and quantum reversible ternary gates. Then we proposed generalized quantum reversible ternary n-qutrit up-counter. We also introduced a new approach for designing any type of n-qutrit ternary and reversible counter. According to the results, we can conclude that applying second approach quantum reversible ternary up-counter is better than the others.

scholarly journals MODERN IMPLEMENTATION OF JOHNSON COUNTER IN LOW POWER DIGITAL LOGICS USING CLOCK TIMING TECHNIQUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Sequential Circuits ◽  
Vlsi Circuits ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Clock Gating ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Additional Circuitry

The instinctive purpose of this study is to make VLSI circuits as low power consuming as possible. A lot of work has been done to reduce the operational power dissipation of the circuit, and reducing the power of sequential circuits is most important as it has clock as one of its input. Johnson counters are the sequential circuits which have so many unwanted switching of the clock pulses. Clock gating is the technique which reduces the power dissipation by eliminating the unwanted switching of the clock pulses. In this technique, the clock is supplied when output is different from the input and the clock is suppressed when output is same as the input. A new design of Johnson counter was studied in which additional circuitry of clock gating was used the unnecessary switching of the clock pulses and thus, to improve the power dissipation. It reduced the power to appreciable amount but this logic increased the chip area increasing the number of transistors. In this design, the optimization can be done in various blocks. Flip-flop being used in master slave mode consume huge power and the logic gates are also the site of power dissipation. So, a new design is proposed which comprises of proposed flip-flop design and modified logic gates design and a proposed design is simulated with the help of HSPICE which gives huge power reduction.

Low Power and High Speed Sequential Circuits Test Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed K. Jameil ◽  
Yasir Amer Abbas ◽  
Saad Al-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Test Generation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Sequential Circuits ◽  
Fir Filters ◽  
Design Verification ◽  
Sequential Circuit ◽  
Generation Algorithm

Background: The designed circuits are tested for faults detection in fabrication to determine which devices are defective. The design verification is performed to ensure that the circuit performs the required functions after manufacturing. Design verification is regarded as a test form in both sequential and combinational circuits. The analysis of sequential circuits test is more difficult than in the combinational circuit test. However, algorithms can be used to test any type of sequential circuit regardless of its composition. An important sequential circuit is the finite impulse response (FIR) filters that are widely used in digital signal processing applications. Objective: This paper presented a new design under test (DUT) algorithm for 4-and 8-tap FIR filters. Also, the FIR filter and the proposed DUT algorithm is implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Method: The proposed test generation algorithm is implemented in VHDL using Xilinx ISE V14.5 design suite and verified by simulation. The test generation algorithm used FIR filtering redundant faults to obtain a set of target faults for DUT. The fault simulation is used in DUT to assess the benefit of test pattern in fault coverage. Results: The proposed technique provides average reductions of 20 % and 38.8 % in time delay with 57.39 % and 75 % reductions in power consumption and 28.89 % and 28.89 % slices reductions for 4- and 8-tap FIR filter, respectively compared to similar techniques. Conclusions: The results of implementation proved that a high speed and low power consumption design can be achieved. Further, the speed of the proposed architecture is faster than that of existing techniques.

Low Power Pulse-Triggered Flip-Flop Based on Clock Triggering Edge Control Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1550094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhong Shen ◽  
Liang Geng ◽  
Xuexiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clock Cycle ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Switching Activity ◽  
Digital Integrated Circuits ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Power Pulse

Flip-flop is an important unit in digital integrated circuits, whose characteristics have a deep impact on the performance of the circuits. To reduce the power dissipation of flip-flops, clock triggering edge control technique is proposed, which is feasible to block one or two triggering edges of a clock cycle if they are redundant in dual-edge pulse-triggered flip-flops (DEPFFs). Based on this technique, redundant pulses can be suppressed when the input stays unchanged, and all the redundant triggerings are eliminated to reduce redundant transitions at the internal nodes of the flip-flop, so the power dissipation can be decreased. Then a novel DEPFF based on clock triggering edge control (DEPFF-CEC) technique is proposed. Based on the SMIC 65-nm technology, the post layout simulation results show that the proposed DEPFF-CEC gains an improvement of 8.03–39.83% in terms of power dissipation when the input switching activity is 10%, as compared with its counterparts. Thus, it is suitable for energy-efficient designs whose input data switching activity is low.

A LOW-POWER AND HIGH-SPEED D FLIP-FLOP USING A SINGLE LATCH

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
ROBERT C. CHANG ◽  
L.-C. HSU ◽  
M.-C. SUN
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hspice Simulation

A novel low-power and high-speed D flip-flop is presented in this letter. The flip-flop consists of a single low-power latch, which is controlled by a positive narrow pulse. Hence, fewer transistors are used and lower power consumption is achieved. HSPICE simulation results show that power dissipation of the proposed D flip-flop has been reduced up to 76%. The operating frequency of the flip-flop is also greatly increased.

scholarly journals Subthreshold Region based Linear Feedback Shift Register

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 817-821
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
System Level ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Subthreshold Region ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Ultra Low Power

Growing demand for portable devices and fast increases in complexity of chip cause power dissipation is an important parameter. Power consumption and dissipation or generations of more heat possess a restriction in the direction of the integration of more transistors. Several methods have been proposed to reduce power dissipation from system level to device level. Subthreshold circuits are widely used in more advanced applications due to ultra low-power consumption. The present work targets on construction of linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) in weak inversion region and their performance observed in terms of parameters like power delay product (PDP). In CMOS circuits subthreshold region of operation allows a low-power for ample utilizations but this advantage get with the penalty of flat speed. For the entrenched and high speed applications, improving the speed of subthreshold designs is essential. To enhance this, operate the devices at maximum current over capacitance. LFSR architectures build with various types of D flip flop and XOR gate circuits are analyzed. Circuit level Simulation is carried out using 130 nm technologies.

scholarly journals Implementation of Energy Efficient gates using Adiabatic Logic for Low Power Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3327-3332
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Adiabatic Logic ◽  
Combinational And Sequential Circuits

In today's electronic sector, low energy has appeared as a major feature. Power effectiveness is one of the most significant characteristics of contemporary, high-speed and mobile digital devices. Different methods are available to decrease energy dissipation at distinct stages of the planning method and have been applied. As the transistors count per device region continues to rise, while the switching energy does not rise at the same pace, power dissipation increases, and heat removal becomes more hard and costly. The power consumption of electronic appliances can be decreased by using various logic types. For such low-power electronic applications, adiabatic logic mode is very appealing. Using adiabatic logic, distinct powerefficient gates are intended in this document and contrasted for energy dissipation, propagation delay and no of the transistors used. In addition, the circuit developer can use these gates in the combinational and sequential circuits to develop low-power systems. The simulations of these gates are carried out in 90 nm technology using cadence virtuoso instrument.

scholarly journals DESIGN APPROACHES FOR LOW POWER- LOW AREA D FLIP FLOP S IN NANO TECHNOLOGY

2013 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
FAYAZ KHAN ◽  
SIREESH BABU
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Short Channel ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Total Power Consumption

This paper enumerates design of D flip flop with low power and low area for low power applications, for that analysis of various D-flip flops for low power dissipation ,area and delays is carried out at 0.12um to achieve low power, low-area the technology is scaled down to nanometer ranges, due to shrinking process, the leakage power tends to play a vital role in total power consumption at nano meter technology. In this paper, different D flip flop circuits are designed using Berkeley Short Channel Insulated Gate MOSFET (BSIM4) model equations., in this paper to reduce leakage power at 90nm 70nm and 50nm we implement leakage power reduction techniques six techniques are considered they are namely Sleep transistor, sleepy stack, Dual sleep ,Dual stack Forced Transistor sleep (FTS) and Sleepy keeper From the results, it is observed that SLEEP TRANSISTOR, and SLEEPY KEEPER.FORCED TRANSISTOR SLEEP techniques produces lower power dissipation than the other techniques , in this paper a qualitative comparison is done with the help of Dsch,, Micro wind Simulation tools, this paper concludes that a leakage reduction technique produce different power optimization levels for different architectures and employing a suitable technique for a particular architecture will be an effective way of reducing the leakage current and thereby static power.

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