scholarly journals LANDAU GHOSTS AND ANTI-GHOSTS IN CONDENSED MATTER AND HIGH DENSITY HADRONIC MATTER

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (30) ◽  
pp. 1201-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SIVASUBRAMANIAN ◽  
A. WIDOM ◽  
Y. N. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Dyson Equation ◽  
Hadronic Matter ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Polar Liquids ◽  
Quantum Chromo Dynamics ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Loop Approximation ◽  
Lorentz Equation

It is observed that the "ghost" (originally discovered by Landau in quantum electro-dynamics) and its counterparts in other theories are indeed ubiquitous as they occur in a one-loop approximation to any conventional (unbroken) gauge theory. The mechanism is first exposed in its generality via the Dyson equation and a simple but explicit example in condensed matter is provided through the static Clausius–Mossotti equation and its dynamic counterpart, the Lorenz–Lorentz equation. The physical phase transition phenomenon associated with it is found to be super-radiance. We verify quantitatively that water (and many other polar liquids) are indeed super-radiant at room temperature. In quantum chromo-dynamics on the other hand, we encounter, thanks to asymptotic freedom, an "anti-ghost" which is closely associated with color confinement. Thus, in QCD, free quarks and glue exist in a super-radiant phase and hadronic matter exists in the normal one.

scholarly journals Dark matter, dark energy and gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Newtonian Gravitation ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Vector Bosons

Within the framework of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, gravity is identified with the very weak, universal and attractive residual color interactions acting between the colorless particles of ordinary matter (electrons, neutrons and protons), which are composite structures. This gravitational interaction is mediated by massless vector bosons (hypergluons), which self-interact so that the interaction has two additional features not present in Newtonian gravitation: (i) asymptotic freedom and (ii) color confinement. These two additional properties of the gravitational interaction negate the need for the notions of both dark matter and dark energy.

Target-oriented inversion using the Patched Green′s function method

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
Danyelle da Silva ◽  
Edwin Fagua Duarte ◽  
Wagner Almeida ◽  
Mauro Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Alirio Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Dyson Equation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Green Functions ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Full Waveform

We have designed a target-oriented methodology to perform Full Waveform Inversion using a frequency-domain wave propagator based on the so-called Patched Green’s Function (PGF) technique. Originally developed in condensed matter physics to describe electronic waves in materials, the PGF technique is easily adaptable to the case of wave propagation in a spatially variable media in general. By dividing the entire computational domain into two sections, namely the target area and the outside target area, we calculate the Green Functions related to each section separately. The calculations related to the section outside the target are performed only once at the beginning of inversion, whereas the calculations in the target area are performed repeatedly for each iteration of the inversion process. With the Green Functions of the separate areas, we calculate the Green Functions of the two systems patched together through the application of a Recursive Dyson equation. By performing 2D and time-lapse experiments on the Marmousi model and a Brazilian Pre-salt velocity model, we demonstrate that the target-oriented PGF reduces the computational time of the inversion without compromising accuracy. In fact, when compared with conventional FWI results, the PGF-based calculations are identical but done in a fraction of the time.

CONFINEMENT OF QUARKS AND GLUONS II

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 3155-3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUHIKO NISHIJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
The One

It is shown that color confinement is a consequence of BRS invariance and asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics. BRS invariance is exploited to define color confinement, and asymptotic freedom is utilized to prove it. The proof presented in this paper is an extension of the one in the preceding paper.

scholarly journals QUARK SPECTRUM ABOVE THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE FROM SCHWINGER–DYSON EQUATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 2282-2288
Author(s):  
MASAYASU HARADA ◽  
YUKIO NEMOTO ◽  
SHUNJI YOSHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gauge Coupling ◽  
Dyson Equation ◽  
Coupling Region ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Loop Approximation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Two Peaks

We investigate a spectrum of a fermion, which we call a quark, above the critical temperature of the chiral phase transition in a gauge theory using the Schwinger–Dyson (SD) equation. The SD equation enables us to study the spectrum over a wide range of the gauge coupling. It is shown that the quark spectrum has two sharp peaks which correspond to the normal quasi-quark and the plasmino and is consistent with that obtained in the hard thermal loop approximation in the weak coupling region, while it has also two peaks but with smaller thermal masses and broader widths in the strong coupling region. Temperature-dependence of the quark spectrum is also discussed.

scholarly journals Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) Coating for Repellency of Polar and Non-Polar Liquids

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2423
Author(s):  
Hila Monder ◽  
Leo Bielenki ◽  
Hanna Dodiuk ◽  
Anna Dotan ◽  
Samuel Kenig
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Polar Liquids ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Repellency ◽  
Pdms Coating

The wettability of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on plasma-treated glass was studied at room temperature using polar and non-polar liquids. The wettability was investigated regarding the liquids’ surface tensions (STs), dielectric constants (DCs) and solubility parameters (SPs). For polar liquids, the contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) are controlled by the DCs and non-polar liquids by the liquids’ STs. Solubility parameter difference between the PDMS and the liquids demonstrated that non-polar liquids possessed lower CAH. An empirical model that integrates the interfacial properties of liquid/PDMS has been composed. Accordingly, the difference between the SPs of PDMS and the liquid is the decisive factor affecting CAH, followed by the differences in DCs and STs. Moreover, the interaction between the DCs and the SPs is of importance to minimize CAH. It has been concluded that CAH, and not CA, is the decisive attribute for liquid repellency of PDMS coating.

Renormalization Group and Color Confinement

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (12n13) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Color Confinement

It is shown that color confinement is an inevitable consequence of an unbroken non-Abelian gauge symmetry and the resulting asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics.

SPECTRAL FUNCTION SUM RULE FOR GAUGE FIELDS

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 2281-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUHIKO NISHIJIMA ◽  
NOBORU TAKASE
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Field ◽  
Spectral Function ◽  
Absorptive Part ◽  
Renormalization Constant ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Sum Rule ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Exact Evaluation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Wave Function Renormalization Constant

An exact evaluation of the wave function renormalization constant for the color gauge field is carried out because of the close relationship that it bears to color confinement. Since this constant can be expressed as an integral of the absorptive part or the spectral function of the gauge field propagator, the result takes the form of a sum rule for the spectral function. It should be emphasized that asymptotic freedom plays an essential role in its derivation.

scholarly journals Asymptotic freedom and quarks confinement treated through Thompson’s approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 740-747
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nassif ◽  
A.C. Amaro de Faria ◽  
P.R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Hadronic Matter ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Spin Effect ◽  
Magnetic Dipoles ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Paramagnetic Material

In this work, we first use Thompson’s renormalization group method to treat QCD–vacuum behavior close to the regime of asymptotic freedom. The QCD–vacuum behaves effectively like a “paramagnetic system” of a classical theory in the sense that virtual color charges (gluons) emerge in it as a spin effect of a paramagnetic material when a magnetic field aligns their microscopic magnetic dipoles. Making a classical analogy with the paramagnetism of Landau’s theory, we are able to introduce a kind of Landau effective action without temperature and phase transition for just representing QCD–vacuum behavior at higher energies as being magnetization of a paramagnetic material in the presence of a magnetic field H. This reasoning allows us to use Thompson’s heuristic approach to obtain an “effective susceptibility” (χ > 0) of the QCD–vacuum. It depends on the logarithm of the energy scale u to investigate hadronic matter. Consequently, we are able to get an “effective magnetic permeability” (μ > 1) of such a “paramagnetic vacuum”. As the QCD–vacuum must obey Lorentz invariance, the attainment of μ > 1 must simply require that the “effective electrical permittivity” is ϵ < 1 in such a way that μϵ = 1 (c2 = 1). This leads to the anti-screening effect, where the asymptotic freedom takes place. On the other hand, quarks confinement, a subject which is not treatable by perturbative calculations, is worked by the present approach. We apply the method to study this issue for obtaining the string constant, which is in agreement with the experiments.

scholarly journals Meson Condensation

Particles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Mannarelli
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Lattice Qcd ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Hadronic Matter ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Color Confinement

We give a pedagogical review of the properties of the various meson condensation phases triggered by a large isospin or strangeness imbalance. We argue that these phases are extremely interesting and powerful playground for exploring the properties of hadronic matter. The reason is that they are realized in a regime in which various theoretical methods overlap with increasingly precise numerical lattice QCD simulations, providing insight on the properties of color confinement and of chiral symmetry breaking.

Ideal diamagnetic response at room temperature by graphene-n-heptane-permalloy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (36) ◽  
pp. 2050415
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kawashima ◽  
Rajendra Dulal ◽  
Serafim Teknowijoyo ◽  
Sara Chahid ◽  
Armen Gulian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Graphene Layer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Diamagnetic Response ◽  
Quantum Phenomenon ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Three Components

Perfect screening of sub-milligauss magnetic fields (ideal diamagnetism) by a system comprised of a graphene and thin permalloy foil parallel to the graphene layer immersed in [Formula: see text]-heptane is observed at room temperature. The presence of all three components is necessary for the effect to occur. Ideal diamagnetic response appears at the moment of [Formula: see text]-heptane injection and disappears when the liquid evaporates. Until then, no change of diamagnetic moment occurs at further variation of the field. The observed ideal diamagnetic feature is either a footprint of a novel type of superconductivity at room temperature or a yet unknown quantum phenomenon in condensed matter physics.

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