IMPACT OF 3D GRAPHIC STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY TO THE RENDERING TIME

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 1350057
Author(s):  
TIBOR SKALA ◽  
KAROLJ SKALA ◽  
ENIS AFGAN
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Cluster Computing ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Complexity Measure ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Electronic Imaging ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Structure Complexity ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents new approach to the analysis of the time required for rendering, depending on the complexity of the 3D object. Ray tracing is used to measure program complexity measure parameter based on the rendering time. Parametric analysis using ray tracing program is achieved by correlation between image parameters and rendering time. Electronic imaging and image processing (rendering) are considered in the 3D virtual photorealistic imaging design and electronic imaging creation and optimization. We are attempting to treat the complexity as a measure in the process of creating and rendering a complex image. The work is directed towards defining and optimizing the rendering time in the photorealistic 3D image creation process. The correlation between large numbers of image components obtained by the ray tracing program is used to measure the scene complexity regarding of render time. To discover which space variable to use as complexity measure, we cross-correlated variables output by ray tracing program, keeping track of the maximum values. Based on this method, the highest correlation was observed on variable Bounding box succeeded tests, and that way obtained the complexity measure for the image. That way the original research is performed in creating analytical (data-visual) methods for determining the image rendering parameters. The results based on experimental verification on a large number of performed standard tests on real sets of graphical contents, and established the impact of graphical content complexity to the rendering time at distributed cluster computing systems.

988 The Prevalence and Incidence of Gender Bias and Sexual Discrimination in Orthopaedics, and Mitigating Strategies: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Elbayouk ◽  
U Halim ◽  
A Ali ◽  
S Javed ◽  
C Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
Orthopaedic Training ◽  
Orthopaedic Community ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The aim of this systematic review was to outline the prevalence and impact of Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) in orthopaedics, and to investigate interventions countering such behaviours. Method Original research papers pertaining to the prevalence and impact of gender bias or sexual discrimination, or mitigating strategies in orthopaedics, were suitable for inclusion. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to in this review. Results Of 570 papers, 27 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 13 papers discussed the prevalence of GBSD, whilst 13 related to the impact of these behaviours, and 6 discussed mitigating strategies. GBSD were found to be prevalent in the orthopaedic workplace, with all sources showing females to be the victims. The impact of GBSD includes poor workforce representation, lower salaries, barriers to career progression, and reduced academic output for females in orthopaedics. Mitigating strategies in the literature are focussed on encouraging females to apply for orthopaedic training programmes, by providing female role models, mentors, and educational interventions. Conclusions GBSD are highly prevalent in orthopaedic surgery, impacting females at all stages of their careers. Mitigating strategies have been tested but are limited in their scope. As such, the orthopaedic community as a whole is obliged to do more to tackle GBSD.

scholarly journals Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation.

scholarly journals Exoplanet mass estimation for a sample of targets for the Ariel mission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Barnes ◽  
C. A. Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Time Commitment ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Fixed Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quadrature Sampling

AbstractAriel’s ambitious goal to survey a quarter of known exoplanets will transform our knowledge of planetary atmospheres. Masses measured directly with the radial velocity technique are essential for well determined planetary bulk properties. Radial velocity masses will provide important checks of masses derived from atmospheric fits or alternatively can be treated as a fixed input parameter to reduce possible degeneracies in atmospheric retrievals. We quantify the impact of stellar activity on planet mass recovery for the Ariel mission sample using Sun-like spot models scaled for active stars combined with other noise sources. Planets with necessarily well-determined ephemerides will be selected for characterisation with Ariel. With this prior requirement, we simulate the derived planet mass precision as a function of the number of observations for a prospective sample of Ariel targets. We find that quadrature sampling can significantly reduce the time commitment required for follow-up RVs, and is most effective when the planetary RV signature is larger than the RV noise. For a typical radial velocity instrument operating on a 4 m class telescope and achieving 1 m s−1 precision, between ~17% and ~ 37% of the time commitment is spent on the 7% of planets with mass Mp < 10 M⊕. In many low activity cases, the time required is limited by asteroseismic and photon noise. For low mass or faint systems, we can recover masses with the same precision up to ~3 times more quickly with an instrumental precision of ~10 cm s−1.

scholarly journals Standing on the shoulders of Giants: a citation analysis of the paediatric congenital heart disease literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Sew ◽  
Nigel E. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Journal Citation Reports ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The citation history of a published article reflects its impact on the literature over time. We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify the most cited papers on CHD in children. Methods: One-hundred and ninety journals listed in Journal Citation Reports were accessed via Web of Science. Publications with 250 or more citations were identified from Science Citation Index Expanded (1900–2020), and those relating to structural CHD in children were reviewed. Articles were ranked by citation count and the 100 most cited were analysed. Results: The number of citations ranged from 2522 to 309 (median 431, IQR 356–518), with 35 published since 2000. All were written in English, most originated from the United States (74%), and were published in cardiovascular journals, with Circulation (28%) the most frequent. There were 86 original research articles, including 50 case series, 14 cohort studies, and 10 clinical trials. The most cited paper was by Hoffman JI and Kaplan S on the incidence of CHD. Thirteen authors had 4 or more publications in the top 100, all of whom had worked in Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco, or Dallas, and the most prolific author was Newburger JW (9 articles). Conclusions: Citation analysis provides a historical perspective on scientific progress by assessing the impact of individual articles. Our study highlights the dominant position of US-based researchers and journals in this field. Most of the highly cited articles remain case series, with few randomised controlled trials in CHD appearing in recent years.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals Changes in Landscape Structure in the Municipalities of the Nitra District (Slovak Republic) Due to Expanding Suburbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Zuzana Pucherová ◽  
Regina Mišovičová ◽  
Gabriel Bugár ◽  
Henrich Grežo
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The Impact

Suburbanization, as a set of several factors, influences and changes the landscape structure of smaller municipalities in the hinterland of larger cities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the built-up areas related to suburbanization within three time horizons—in 2002, 2005, and 2020—in 62 municipalities of the district (including two cities, Nitra and Vráble). This study examines the process of spatial changes in landscape features (residential, industrial, agricultural, transport) related to suburbanization between 2002 and 2005 and between 2002 and 2020. The input analytical data were digital orthophotomaps from 2002 and 2005 and the current orthophotomosaics of the Slovak Republic from 2017 (GKÚ, Bratislava), updated for the year 2020 using Sentinel 2 satellite image data (European Space Agency). The impact of suburbanization processes between 2002 and 2005 did not reach the dimensions of the changes that occurred due to suburbanization processes between 2002 and 2020 or 2005 and 2020. The main research objective of the article is the identification and assessment of these changes. We determined which landscape features related to suburbanization affected spatial changes in municipalities of the district Nitra. The total area affected by one of the suburbanization processes monitored by us reached 92.52 ha in the period between 2002 and 2005. Between the years 2002 and 2020, the area reached a total of 2272.82 ha, which is an increase of 2180.30 ha in 2020 compared to 2002. This included mainly the expansion of settlements or housing (60.15%), industrial areas (29.31%), transport facilities (4.35%), agricultural areas (0.73%), and other areas (5.46%). These results show expanding suburbanization for the period from 2002 to 2020 and that this process has been gaining momentum in the municipalities of the Nitra district, especially in recent years, which changes the look of rural municipalities and the character of a typical rural landscape.

Analysis and Reduction of the Waste in the Work Process Using Time Study Analysis: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norzaim bin Che Ani ◽  
Siti Aisyah Binti Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unit Of Work ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Time study is the process of observation which concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work involves of internal, external and machine time elements. Originally, time study was first starting to be used in Europe since 1760s in manufacturing fields. It is the flexible technique in lean manufacturing and suitable for a wide range of situations. Time study approach that enable of reducing or minimizing ‘non-value added activities’ in the process cycle time which contribute to bottleneck time. The impact on improving process cycle time for organization that it was increasing the productivity and reduce cost. This project paper focusing on time study at selected processes with bottleneck time and identify the possible root cause which was contribute to high time required to perform a unit of work.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with chronic diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Merkes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a structured group program that uses mindfulness meditation to improve well-being and alleviate suffering. This article reviews the impact of MBSR for people with chronic diseases. The review includes original research that was published in English and peer-reviewed and reported outcomes for adults with chronic diseases who had participated in an MBSR program. Fifteen studies were identified. Outcomes related to mental and physical health, well-being, and quality of life. The studies included different research designs, and used self-report and physiological outcome measures. Participants’ clinical diagnoses included fibromyalgia, chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, and cardiovascular diagnoses. All 15 studies found that participation in an MBSR program resulted in improvements. No negative change was reported between baseline and follow up. Outcomes in regard to specific variables were difficult to compare and equivocal. Overall, positive change predominated. Chronic diseases are associated with a range of unwelcome psychological and physical consequences. Participation in an MBSR program is likely to result in coping better with symptoms, improved overall well-being and quality of life, and enhanced health outcomes. As an adjunct to standard care, MBSR has potential for much wider application in Australian primary care settings.

scholarly journals Original Research. The Influence of Desquamative Gingivitis on Periodontal Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (s1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Monea ◽  
Tudor Hănțoiu ◽  
Alexandra Stoica ◽  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Alexandru Sitaru
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Attached Gingiva ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a non-plaque-induced, blistering and painful condition occurring most frequently on the labial aspect of the attached gingiva of anterior teeth. The incidence of DG is highest around 50 years of age, and usually indicates the presence of oral or systemic diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of DG on periodontal health by recording the plaque index, gingival index and gingival bleeding index in a group of patients with DG, compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: Recordings of specific indices were performed in a group of 26 patients with DG and compared with 24 healthy individuals. These were followed by radiographic examinations in order to assess the loss of marginal alveolar bone. Results: The results showed that patients with DG had a statistically significant increase in periodontal indices, with more gingival inflammation and plaque retention compared to the control group (p <0.05). The highest scores for gingival inflammation were recorded in patients with DG, but on radiographic evaluation the difference was related only to gender, men being more affected by alveolar bone loss in both groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The incidence and severity of gingival inflammation proved to be higher in patients with DG, which calls for better preventive and maintenance treatment protocols in this group of patients. Early diagnosis and initial-phase periodontal treatment are very important in preventing further tissue breakdown.

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