Study on Photocatalytic Properties of La–Nd/ZnO in UV-vis Region and Possibility of Large-Scale Effluent Treatment Containing Reactive Dyes

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150073
Author(s):  
Liuqi Cao ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Mingrui Xie ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Lihui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compound Material ◽  
Visible Irradiation ◽  
Nanometer Zinc Oxide

Flower-shaped nanometer zinc oxide and its complex incorporating La–Nd have been prepared using hydrothermal method with zinc chloride and urea as raw materials, ethylene glycol as morphology controller. The powdered samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, photocatalytic test with solutions of reactive dyes as indicators. In conclusion, the optimum doping ratios of La/Nd are considered to be 3%/3%. When 3%La–3%Nd/ZnO was served as photocatalyst, considerable degradations of dyes were caused under the ultraviolet and visible light without exception, owing to the expanded excitation wavelength and reduced band gap of ZnO after incorporating. While using the compound material in effluent treatment containing reactive dyes, the decomposition rate of dyes, respectively, reached 99.99% and 80% or more under UV-light and visible irradiation for 60 min, appreciable removal effects of organic pollutants were obtained, testifying 3%La–3%Nd/ZnO to be a splendid UV-Vis catalyst.

scholarly journals Study of Iron Gall Inks, Ingredients and Paper Composition Using Non-Destructive Techniques

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2691-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Corregidor ◽  
Rita Viegas ◽  
Luís M. Ferreira ◽  
Luís C. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Paper Degradation ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Old manuscripts are among the most important elements of the cultural and historical heritage of ancient knowledge. Unfortunately, many of them suffer from degradation, mostly those written with iron gall inks. In the present work, a study using non-destructive techniques was designed with the aim of analyzing the elemental composition and structural characteristics of iron gall inks, reproduced in laboratory, paper and their interaction when the ink is deposited on paper, inducing the paper degradation. Proton induced X-ray emission, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy provided the elemental and structural information, and photography under infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light allowed the differentiation between manufactured inks. Results show that the first step of inked paper deterioration is due to acid-hydrolysis of the cellulose and the presence of reactive Fe(II) species by reducing the crystallinity index of the paper, which is affected depending on the ink recipe and the starting raw materials. These results will be useful to future studies on ancient documents written with iron gall inks, which suffer deterioration due to ink corrosion, and to differentiate between the different paper degradation mechanisms.

Study on the Viability of Using Drill Cuttings from the Potiguar Basin in the Production of Ceramic Products: Influence of Concentration and Firing Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Coutinho Medeiros ◽  
Ana P.C. Câmara ◽  
Daniel A. Macedo ◽  
D.M.A. Melo ◽  
Marcus A.F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Materials Used

Drill cuttings are wastes produced on a large scale during the drilling of oil wells. Although there are several treatment techniques, there is still no consensus on which one are the best for the economy and environmental. On the other hand, one of the alternatives for the reuse of this waste, and purpose of the present study, is the incorporation of drill cuttings in clay matrixes. The raw materials used in this work, a mixture of clays and drill cuttings, were investigated by two basic techniques of characterization. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. In order to evaluate the effect of the content of drill cuttings on the technological properties of sintered ceramics, different formulations containing from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.% of drill cuttings in a clay matrix were obtained. Ceramic samples were obtained by firing at temperatures ranging from 850 °C to 1050 °C. The fired specimens were characterized by water absorption, firing linear shrinkage, resistance to bending three points and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results indicated that the incorporation of drill cuttings is a viable alternative for the manufacture of several ceramics products, such as solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks, at certain concentrations and firing temperatures.

Effect of Fe Incorporation on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 by Sol-Gel Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Siti Aida Ibrahim ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Light Irradiation ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Visible Irradiation ◽  
Emission Microscopy

Nanostructured Fe-TiO2 and TiO2 with anatase structure were synthesized via combination method of sol-gel and peptization process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission emission microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The presence of Fe3+ ion shifted the absorption profile of TiO2 to the longer wavelength side of the spectrum, indicating an obvious photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation. Photocatalytic activity of the samples were evaluated by methyl orange (MO) discolouration under UV-light irradiation. Compared with the pure TiO2 nanoparticles, the Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited higher photocatalytic activity with 95% discoloration within 2 h.

scholarly journals Nanosheet-Assembled ZnO Microflower Photocatalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Zhang ◽  
Bosi Yin ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Fengyu Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Uv Light Irradiation ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities

Large scale ZnO microflowers assembled by numerous nanosheets are synthesized through a facile and effective hydrothermal route. The structure and morphology of the resultant products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photocatalytic properties of the as-synthesized products are also investigated. The results demonstrate that eosin red aqueous solution can be degraded over 97% after 110 min under UV light irradiation. In addition, methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) aqueous solution degradation experiments also are conducted in the same condition, respectively. It showed that nanosheet-assembled ZnO microflowers represent high photocatalytic activities with a degradation efficiency of 91% for CR with 90 min of irradiation and 90% for MO with 60 min of irradiation. The reported ZnO products may be promising candidates as the photocatalysts in waste water treatment.

Hexagonal NaYF4 Nanotube Arrays Obtained via Solvothermal Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 667-670
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Fei Yu Chen ◽  
Qi Liang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Yttrium Nitrate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Yttrium Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications

Hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride has been successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal route, using yttrium nitrate, sodium fluoride and polyethanediol as raw materials to react in propanetriol solvent. The as-prepared product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum. The characterization results revealed that the products are hexagonal and denoted as NaYF4. The as-synthesized hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride composed of hollow-structured nanotubes self-assembled and arrayed orientedly to take on bamboo raft morphology. Hexagonal NaYF4 nanotube arrays exhibited high heat stability. This study provides a simple method to prepare bamboo raft-shaped NaYF4 in large scale, which broads their practical applications.

Large Scale Synthesis of Dendritic CdS Nanostrucutres

2013 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Meng Le Sun ◽  
Yan Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cds Nanostructures ◽  
First Time

Single crystalline CdS dendrites were successfully synthesized in high yield by a simple and facile hydrothermal method. The allyl thiourea and CdCl2•5H2O were used as raw materials for the synthesis of dendritic CdS nanostructures for the first time. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction. The results demonstrate that the petal in an individual dendritic CdS nanoarchitecture is single crystalline and prefers growth along the [101] direction. The reaction parameters affected the CdS morphology were investigated systematically. It is found that the morphology of the samples are strongly dependent on the cadmium source, sulfide source, the reaction time and the solvent, the temperature has no effect on the morphology of the products. The possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of dendritic CdS nanostructures

Development and characterization of a new dolomite-based catalyst: application to the photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752
Author(s):  
Ilhem Belarbi ◽  
Ali Çoruh ◽  
Rachida Hamacha ◽  
Kheira Marouf-Khelifa ◽  
Amine Khelifa
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Constant Ratio ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Abstract The development of new catalysts from abundant raw materials, generating attractive photocatalytic activity, constitutes a real challenge in the context of sustainable development concerns. In this setting, a dolomite was treated at 800 °C (D800) and then chemically modified by Ca(NO3)2 (CaD800) using a simple procedure. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), solid state UV spectroscopy, and used as catalysts of pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation in aqueous solutions under UV light irradiation. The treatment of dolomite at 800 °C enabled a full decarbonation of CaMg(CO3)2, with formation of CaO, Ca(OH)2, and MgO. Additional CaO was generated after chemical treatment as revealed by EDS analysis; the Ca/Mg ratio increased from 1.29 (D800) to 1.44 for CaD800. This CaO in aqueous medium hydrates by giving Ca(OH)2. CaD800 was found to be the best photocatalyst with a PCP degradation rate of 95% after only 1 h of treatment, for a CaD800/D800 degradation rate constant ratio of 1.58. In this regard, we investigated the Fourier transform infrared spectra of CaD800, PCP, and CaD800 loaded with PCP after degradation. We thus evidenced the involvement of Ca(OH)2 in the PCP degradation process. Catalytic activity was discussed through the contribution of OH radicals and electrodonation.

scholarly journals Effect of Sintering Temperature on Membranes Manufactured with Clays for Textile Effluent Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirele Costa da Silva ◽  
Hélio de Lucena Lira ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Normanda Lino de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clay

The aim of this work is to use cheap raw materials, such as kaolin and ball clay, for the manufacture of ceramic membranes for application in effluent treatment from textile industry and to evaluate the influence of sintering temperature in the structural and morphological characteristics of those membranes. The ceramic mass was characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Hg porosimetry, and water permeability with desalinated water. The variation in the sintering temperature directly affected the structural and morphological characteristics of the membranes. The increase in sintering temperature of the membranes has raised the average pores diameter from 0.116 to 0.179 µm but decreased the porosity of the membrane, from 40.30 to 25.16% for temperatures from 900 to 1100°C, respectively. The reduction in porosity of the membrane affected the water permeated flux and decrease from 35.82 Kg/h·m2(at 1000°C) to 15.68 Kg/h·m2(at 1100°C). All the membranes have been applied with success in the effluent treatment from textile industry, resulting in the decrease in turbidity and discoloration, reaching approximately 100% of rejection of solid particles.

A Simple and Novel Method for Large-Scale Preparation of Stable Copper Nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 906-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li Wen ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Optimal Average

A simple and novel preparation method for Cu nanoparticles has been suggested in this work. Its main innovative thought lies in preparing nano-copper in liquid paraffin without addition of other reductant. The paraffin is cheap and nontoxic, and the copper nanoparticles prepared by this method are not oxidized when exposed to air at room temperature. The obtained nano-copper has been characterized by X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM results confirm that the optimal average size of nanoparticles is about 20 nm. The effects of time, temperature and surfactant on the size of nano-copper have been investigated. The results show that the optimized conditions are reaction temperature of 250 oC and reaction time of 3 h. By this method, the raw materials are cheap and the process is simple, so it can be applicable to large-scale production of copper nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Versatile Coffee Carbon Dots as Lead (ii) and Copper (ii) ion Fluorescence Detectors and Copper Corrosion Inhibitor

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Kalema Christopher ◽  
Zainal Alim Mas'ud ◽  
Novriyandi Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Ocean Optics ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

A simple and green tandem hydrothermal and pyrolysis method was developed for the synthesis of blue fluorescence carbon dots from coffee green bean powder and urea as raw materials. The carbon dots were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ocean optics spectrophotometer. The carbon dots had a bright blue emission centered at 505 nm under UV light with the excitation wavelength at 360 nm. The carbon dots also showed a quenching effect with lead (ii) ions and copper (ii) ions. Furthermore, a method for copper (ii) and lead (ii) ion detection in aqueous solution was developed with acceptable linearity of 97.26% and 99.41% respectively and selectivity to some common ions. The carbon dots also demonstrated the ability to act as copper corrosion inhibitors in 1% sodium chloride solution showing an inhibition efficiency of 77% at 1000 ppm. It is worth noting that the synthesized fluorescent carbon dots are eco-friendly and inexpensive. They could find application in chemical sensing and copper corrosion inhibition in salt environments.

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