A kinetic model for horizontal transfer and bacterial antibiotic resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian A. Knopoff ◽  
Juan M. Sánchez Sansó
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Scalar Variable ◽  
Generalized Distribution

This paper presents a mathematical model for bacterial growth, mutations, horizontal transfer and development of antibiotic resistance. The model is based on the so-called kinetic theory for active particles that is able to capture the main complexity features of the system. Bacterial and immune cells are viewed as active particles whose microscopic state is described by a scalar variable. Particles interact among them and the temporal evolution of the system is described by a generalized distribution function over the microscopic state. The model is derived and tested in a couple of case studies in order to confirm its ability to describe one of the most fundamental problems of modern medicine, namely bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MICROFLORA IN MODERN OUTPATIENT CLINIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Mikhail Pahomov ◽  
Artyom Morozov ◽  
Alexey Sergeev ◽  
Evgeny Mokhov, ◽  
Nikolay Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
The Right

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem of modern medicine. In the research a microflora of out-patient department visitors in 2018–2019 was examined. It was revealed that the most often microbes were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli. The dynamics of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was also analyzed. The multiple bacterial resistance to antibiotics were detected. The data show a rapid resistance genes spread among non-hospital strains, which necessitates constant monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity in order to develop the right tactics to combat antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Essential Oils, A New Horizon in Combating Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Soo Xi Yap ◽  
Beow Chin Yiap ◽  
Hu Cai Ping ◽  
Swee Hua Erin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
New Generation

For many years, the battle between humans and the multitudes of infection and disease causing pathogens continues. Emerging at the battlefield as some of the most significant challenges to human health are bacterial resistance and its rapid rise. These have become a major concern in global public health invigorating the need for new antimicrobial compounds. A rational approach to deal with antibiotic resistance problems requires detailed knowledge of the different biological and non-biological factors that affect the rate and extent of resistance development. Combination therapy combining conventional antibiotics and essential oils is currently blooming and represents a potential area for future investigations. This new generation of phytopharmaceuticals may shed light on the development of new pharmacological regimes in combating antibiotic resistance. This review consolidated and described the observed synergistic outcome between essential oils and antibiotics, and highlighted the possibilities of essential oils as the potential resistance modifying agent.

scholarly journals Development of Antibiotic Resistance, Suggestion For The Safety of Our Future Generation

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ashraf Uddin Mallik ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdur Razzaque ◽  
Uttam Karmaker ◽  
Abdus Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Antibiotic Failure

Background: Rising of multidrug resistance among uropathogenic bacteria is leading our future generation to a crisis. Nevertheless, the era of antibiotic failure due to bacterial resistance has brought interest to other medical science like Traditional Medicine, alternative medicine. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the current antibiotic resistance situation among common bacterial uropathogens and suggesting prevention measure. Materials and Methods: A total of 212 patients male 132,female 80 selected. Mid-urine samples were collected. Isolated organisms were identified by conventional methods. Then different antibiotics representing different families of antibiotics were tested on isolated organisms. Results: The most frequently isolated gram negative bacteria was E.Coli (92%) followed by Staphylococcus(7.07%),Klebsiella(7%), Pseudomonas(4.25%). Resistance to Amoxicilline, Ciprofloxacin, Cefixim, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxim, Cefradin, Cefotaxim was more than 70% of all isolates of E.Coli stains. There was relatively low resistance rate to Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin,Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidim . However, there was emerging resistance to Ciprofloxacin, specially for common bacteria. Conclusion: It is urgent need to make a policy for antibiotics use . We suggest all health care professional of traditional medicine and modern medicine to combat against antibiotics resistance. KYAMC Journal.2021;12(1): 32-35

The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Ильина ◽  
Е.И. Олехнович ◽  
А.В. Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genes

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

Microarray Technology for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Present in Hospital and Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant S.aureus Strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546-2550
Author(s):  
Monica Licker ◽  
Andrei Anghel ◽  
Roxana Moldovan ◽  
Elena Hogea ◽  
Delia Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a real burden for the modern medicine. One of the most frecvently isolated hospital acquired (HA) pathogens wordlwide, is Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Recently not only HA, but also community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have been reported. A prospective study was performed between February 2009 and October 2010, with the aim to investigate bacterial resistance of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. DNA microarray technology has been used for the detection of 4 AMR genes for the studied MRSA strains. A number of 218 HA- S.aureus strains have been isolated, from which 89 (40. 82%) were MRSA. In the community, 1.553 S.aureus strains were isolated, out of which, 356 (22. 92%) were MRSA. From these, a number of 17 HA and 12 CA �MRSA strains have been analyzed by DNA microarray technology. From 100% phenotypically described HA- MRSA, we identified mecA gene in 10 strains (58. 83%). Other 6 strains (35. 29%) have been erm(A) positive and 4 (23. 53%) - tet(O) positive. 83. 33% (10 strains) from the CA strains had mecA gene, only one (8. 33%) was erm(A) positive and 4 (33. 33%) were erm(C) positive. DNA microarray is a method allowing the concomitant scan of multiple genes and can be done within a few hours. That type of rapid and reliable methods for antimicrobial sensitivity tests are important to start an appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Improved cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties of zinc-substituted brushite bone cement based on β-tricalcium phosphate

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna V. Fadeeva ◽  
Margarita A. Goldberg ◽  
Ilya I. Preobrazhensky ◽  
Georgy V. Mamin ◽  
Galina A. Davidova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Bone Replacement ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Murine Fibroblast

AbstractFor bone replacement materials, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties are desired. The bacterial resistance and the need for new antibacterial strategies stand among the most challenging tasks of the modern medicine. In this work, brushite cements based on powders of Zinc (Zn) (1.4 wt%) substituted tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and non-substituted β-TCP were prepared and investigated. Their initial and final phase composition, time of setting, morphology, pH evolution, and compressive strength are reported. After soaking for 60 days in physiological solution, the cements transformed into a mixture of brushite and hydroxyapatite. Antibacterial activity of the cements against Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains was attested. The absence of cytotoxicity of cements was proved for murine fibroblast NCTC L929 cells. Moreover, the cell viability on the β-TCP cement containing Zn2+ ions was 10% higher compared to the β-TCP cement without zinc. The developed cements are perspective for applications in orthopedics and traumatology.

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