Development of Antibiotic Resistance, Suggestion For The Safety of Our Future Generation

Background: Rising of multidrug resistance among uropathogenic bacteria is leading our future generation to a crisis. Nevertheless, the era of antibiotic failure due to bacterial resistance has brought interest to other medical science like Traditional Medicine, alternative medicine. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the current antibiotic resistance situation among common bacterial uropathogens and suggesting prevention measure. Materials and Methods: A total of 212 patients male 132,female 80 selected. Mid-urine samples were collected. Isolated organisms were identified by conventional methods. Then different antibiotics representing different families of antibiotics were tested on isolated organisms. Results: The most frequently isolated gram negative bacteria was E.Coli (92%) followed by Staphylococcus(7.07%),Klebsiella(7%), Pseudomonas(4.25%). Resistance to Amoxicilline, Ciprofloxacin, Cefixim, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxim, Cefradin, Cefotaxim was more than 70% of all isolates of E.Coli stains. There was relatively low resistance rate to Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin,Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidim . However, there was emerging resistance to Ciprofloxacin, specially for common bacteria. Conclusion: It is urgent need to make a policy for antibiotics use . We suggest all health care professional of traditional medicine and modern medicine to combat against antibiotics resistance. KYAMC Journal.2021;12(1): 32-35

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An overview of self-medication: a major cause of antibiotic resistance and a threat to global public health

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.1331 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Mubasher Rehman ◽

Shehzad Ahmed ◽

Umair Ahmed ◽

Kosar Tamanna ◽

Muhammad Shehryar Sabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Self Medication ◽

Care Services ◽

Professional Health

Self-medication is the use of medicines by people on their own experience without consulting a doctor. People use medicines for pain management or to cure a disease and sometime this may be unnecessary. There are a lot of public and professional health concerns about miss usage of medicines and globally physicians agree upon this rising issue that leads to antibiotic resistance. In developing countries medicines without prescription are easily available which results in many adverse outcomes especially bacterial resistance. Insufficient health care services and socioeconomic factors result in increased proportion of self-medication as compared to drugs prescribed by physicians. This review article is focused on indicating prevalence rate of self-medication in different developed and under developed countries, major risk factors and control of self-medication due to which antibiotic resistance rate can be minimized.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a University Hospital in Al-Kharj City

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v31i530310 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Nehad J. Ahmed ◽

Mohd F. Khan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

University Hospital ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Antibiotics are medications that are used to kill a bacterium which causes different infections. The misuse of these medications has contributed to the development of bacterial resistance. In order to predict the efficacy of the antimicrobial drugs and to guide antimicrobial therapy, antibiogram should be used. Objective: This study aims to explore the Antibiotic resistance patterns in a university hospital in AL-kharj city. Methods: Data from a university hospital in Al-Kharj city were used to assess the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility rates for different types of bacteria. We included all bacterial and fungal cultures in the last 2 years. Results: The most common bacterium was E. coli and the most common fungus pathogen was Candida albicans. There was a low resistance rate to gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem and amikacin for the studied bacteria pathogens and high resistance rate for some antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Conclusion: The physicians should follow the treatment guidelines and they should know the susceptibility rate of different bacteria to prescribe antibiotics appropriately.

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Antibiotic resistance rate of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a university affiliated hospital in North Cyprus

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v21i1.56334 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

Hussein Ahmad ◽

Meryem Guvenir ◽

Emrah Guler ◽

Ayse Arikan ◽

Kaya Suer

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Medical Science ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

North Cyprus ◽

Chest Disease ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

Resistance Rates

Background: Over the past 20 years, studies have indicated that the increasing spread of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) demonstrates the need for adequate information about their epidemiology. This study was conducted in order to investigate the resistance rate of MRSA which were isolated from the Near East University (NEU) Hospital, North Cyprus. Methods: MRSA was isolated and identified by using selective media and the Phoenix BD 100 system (software version 6.01A) was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility results were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) and the resistance rates of MRSA isolates to antibiotics were examined retrospectively. Results: The highest number of samples were from the departments of chest disease (24%) followed by dermatology (21.3%) and cardiology (18.7%). Out of 75 MRSA strains,; 29.7% from blood, 25.3% from wound, 14.7% from nasal swabs, 10.7% from aspiration fluids, 9.3% from sputum, 6.7% were from urine, 4.0% from IV catheters culture samples. All strains of MRSA were 94.7% sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Conclusions: The obtained results revealed that preventative measures should be implemented in order to minimize the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 101-104

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ANALYSIS OF MICROFLORA IN MODERN OUTPATIENT CLINIC

Archiv Euromedica ◽

10.35630/2199-885x/2020/10/26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92-93

Author(s):

Mikhail Pahomov ◽

Artyom Morozov ◽

Alexey Sergeev ◽

Evgeny Mokhov, ◽

Nikolay Sergeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

The Right

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem of modern medicine. In the research a microflora of out-patient department visitors in 2018–2019 was examined. It was revealed that the most often microbes were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli. The dynamics of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was also analyzed. The multiple bacterial resistance to antibiotics were detected. The data show a rapid resistance genes spread among non-hospital strains, which necessitates constant monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity in order to develop the right tactics to combat antibiotic resistance.

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Using Real-Time PCR to Investigate Some of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from ewe Mastitis cases in Nineveh province

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3(suppl.).0931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3(Suppl.)) ◽

pp. 0931

Author(s):

Ayman Mohamed Jaber Albanna ◽

Aseel A. H. Al-Layla

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Real Time ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Single Gene ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Dilution Method

In this study, from a total of 856 mastitis cases in lactating ewes, only 34 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates showed various types of resistance to three types of antibiotics (Penicillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline). St. agalactiae isolates were identified according to the standard methods, including a new suggested technique called specific Chromogenic agar. It was found that antibiotic bacterial resistance was clearly identified by using MIC-microplate assay (dilution method). Also, by real-time PCR technique, it was determined that there were three antibiotics genes resistance ( pbp2b, tetO and mefA ). The high percentage of isolate carried of a single gene which was the Tetracycline (20.59%) followed by percentage Penicillin was (17.65%) and the lowest was in Erythromycin (11.77%). However, there were many isolates that carried two genes of antibiotics resistance represented by Penicillin and Erythromycin with collective present of 38.22%, and for the Penicillin and Tetracycline, the percentage was found to be 11.77%. In contrast, no common gene with two antibiotics (Erythromycin and Tetracycline) was detected. On the other hand, it was found that no bacterial sharing with three kinds of antibiotic resistance genes ( pbp2b, tetO and mefA ). This study has revealed that the St. agalactiae isolates did induce recurrent mastitis in lactating Iraqi's ewes.

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Unreported Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Baigas in Baiga-Chak Area of District Dindori, Madhya Pradesh

Journal of Non Timber Forest Products ◽

10.54207/bsmps2000-2017-46m3w8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

Ramesh Ahirwar

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Indigenous Knowledge ◽

Life Style ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Future Generation ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Ethnomedicinal Plants

The paper contains information on 30 ethnomedicinal plants used by the Baiga tribe of Baiga-Chakarea in district Dindori, Madhya Pradesh was collected through interviews and discussion regarding the plant prescribed, such as part of the plant used, medicinal uses, and detailed information about mode of preparation, form of usage and method of application. A total of 30 species belonging to 29 genera and 23 families to treat various ailments. The documented medicinal plants were mostly used to cure cold, cough, diabetes, dysentery and skin diseases, etc. According to the informants the indigenous knowledge is drastically disappearing, the younger generations are not interested to practice traditional medicine due to the changes in life style and the intervention of modern medicine. Hence the documentation of traditional knowledge among the ethnic people is essential to the betterment of our future generation, since most of the lives saving medicines are derived based on ethnic wisdom of this traditional community those who directly depend on plants for their survival.

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A kinetic model for horizontal transfer and bacterial antibiotic resistance

International Journal of Biomathematics ◽

10.1142/s1793524517500516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 1750051 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Damian A. Knopoff ◽

Juan M. Sánchez Sansó

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Horizontal Transfer ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Temporal Evolution ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Active Particles ◽

Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Scalar Variable ◽

Generalized Distribution

This paper presents a mathematical model for bacterial growth, mutations, horizontal transfer and development of antibiotic resistance. The model is based on the so-called kinetic theory for active particles that is able to capture the main complexity features of the system. Bacterial and immune cells are viewed as active particles whose microscopic state is described by a scalar variable. Particles interact among them and the temporal evolution of the system is described by a generalized distribution function over the microscopic state. The model is derived and tested in a couple of case studies in order to confirm its ability to describe one of the most fundamental problems of modern medicine, namely bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

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TEIXOBACTIN - A GAME CHANGER ANTIBIOTIC

Era s journal of medical research ◽

10.24041/ejmr2020.37 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 220-224

Author(s):

Sahil Hussain ◽

Neelam Yadav

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Global Economy ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Ateam of scientist under the supervision of Kim Lewis from Northeastern University has discovered a novel antibiotic called Teixobactin, which kills the bacteria by inhibiting them from building their outer protein envelop. The bacterial resistance interference are key challenges to the global health. Teixobactin shows exceptional antibacterial activities against the range of pathogenic bacteria viz S.Aureus and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It is bactericidal and has many mode of operation, however it is one of the most important contribution in the modernization of medicine. However, the increase in Antibiotic resistance is at alarming rate and the ability of patient care through antibiotics is a challenge nowadays increment in Antibiotics resistance is among the top public health threats in the century 21". According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), around 23 thousand peoples die in every year in United States of America (USA) due to Antibiotic resistance. Whenever the patient is administered with an antibiotic the condition of the patient does not improve due to which more than 2 million people are sickened. The increase in Antibiotic resistance is much greater than the increase in epidemic diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Al DS) or Ebola Virus Disease. The cost of human Antibiotic resistance crisis is estimated to be 300 million mortalities collectively by 2050. And it will also be the cause of declining graph of global economy of around $100 trillion. Production of new antibiotics in the 21" century seems to be difficult task to deal Teixobactin comes under new class of antibiotics. It is the first new antibiotic that is being isolated from bacteria after 30 years. After teixobactin's isolation from the soil full of bacteria, another novel class of antibiotics are discovered known as Malacidine, which was revealed later in 2018

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Analysis of the primary and post-treatment antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Nanjing area

10.21203/rs.2.22065/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

jiang zongdan ◽

Bang-Shun He ◽

Zhen-Yu Zhang ◽

Shu-Kui Wang ◽

Dan Ran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Current Status ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori ◽

Resistance Rates

Abstract Background To investigate the current status and trend of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)antibiotics resistance over 5 years in Nanjing area.Then we evaluated the primary and post-treatment antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Nanjing area. Methods During the period from July 2017 to December 2019, 1533 gastric mucosal specimens from patients with positive H. pylori confirmed by breath test or rapid urease test were collected for isolation and identify H. pylori. The agar dilution method was used for antibiotic resistance test. The antibiotic resistance of H. pylori were compared with that in the period from May 2014 to May 2015. Results The result showed that the resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole were 2.74%, 47.03%, 33.59%, 0.91%, 0.52% and 80.76%, respectively in the period of July 2017 to December 2019. Compared with the period of May 2014 to May 2015, the resistance rate of metronidazole was the most obvious, from 60.5% to 80.76% in the period of July 2017 to December 2019, followed by clarithromycin from 29.5% to 47.03%, and levofloxacin from 14.7% to 33.59%. The resistance rates of H. pylori (primary Vs post-treatment) to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole were 1.83% Vs 6.08%, 38.62% Vs 77.81%, 27.41% Vs 56.23%, 0.58% Vs 2.13%, 0.33% Vs 1.22%, 78.57% Vs 88.75%, respectively during the period of July 2017 to December 2019. Conclusions Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori remained a problem for the effective eradication of this pathogen and its associated diseases in Nanjing area. For post-treatment eradication patients, clinicians should took into account regional antibiotic resistance rate, personal antibiotic exposure history, economic benefit ratio, adverse antibiotic reactions, antibiotic availability and other aspects.

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The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Hospital-Acquired Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections

Critical Care Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/890797 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hamed Ghadiri ◽

Hamid Vaez ◽

Samira Khosravi ◽

Ebrahim Soleymani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Tract Infections

Treatment of nosocomial infections is becoming difficult due to the increasing trend of antibiotics resistance. Current knowledge on antibiotic resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. We aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles in nosocomial bloodstream and urinary tract pathogens. A total of 129 blood stream and 300 urinary tract positive samples were obtained from patients referring to Besat hospital over a two-year period (2009 and 2010). Antibiotic sensitivity was ascertained using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to CLSI guidelines. Patient's data such as gender and age were recorded. The ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria in BSIs was 1.6 : 1. The most prevalent BSI pathogen was Coagulase-NegativeStaphylococci(CoNS). The highest resistance rate of CoNS was against penicillin (91.1%) followed by ampicillin (75.6%), and the lowest rate was against vancomycin (4.4%).Escherichia coliwas the most prevalent pathogen isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria was 3.2 : 1. The highest resistance rate ofE. coliisolates was against nalidixic acid (57.7%). The present study showed that CoNS andE. coliare the most common causative agents of nosocomial BSIs and UTIs, and control of infection needs to be addressed in both antibiotic prescription and general hygiene.

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