SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PURE AND Zn-DOPED SnO2 NANOPOWDERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARUL GUPTA ◽  
RISHI VYAS ◽  
B. L. CHOUDHARY ◽  
K. SACHDEV ◽  
D. S. PATIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Characterizations

Pure and 4.5 wt% Zn- doped SnO2 nanopowders were synthesized by sol-gel method. These nanopowders were characterized by X- ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, I-V measurements and R-T measurements. XRD results confirmed the formation of tetragonal rutile type SnO2 with the average crystallite size of 14 ± 1 nm which decreased to 9 ± 1 nm with 4.5 wt% Zn addition. Increase in band gap is observed from UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrical characterizations revealed increase in resistivity with Zn addition. Temperature dependent resistance measurement showed that both the pure and the Zn- doped samples are suitable for gas sensing applications. A detailed study of these synthesized nanostructured samples is presented and discussed in the paper.

Detailed Characterization of Surface Ln-Doped Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Treatment for Photocatalysis and Gas Sensing Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 1806 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Rezwanur Rahman ◽  
Sean T. Anderson ◽  
Sonal Dey ◽  
Robert A. Mayanovic
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Hole Defects ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTNanostructured anatase TiO2 is a promising material for gas sensing and photocatalysis. In order to modify its catalytic properties, the lanthanide (Ln) ions Eu3+, Gd3+, Nd3+ and Yb3+ were precipitated on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by hydrothermal treatment. Results from Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the anatase structure of the TiO2 nanoparticles was preserved after hydrothermal treatment. SEM and TEM show a heterogeneous distribution in size and a nanocrystallite morphology of the TiO2 NPs (∼ 14 nm in size) and EDX confirmed the presence of the Ln-ion surface doping after hydrothermal treatment. An increase in photoluminescence (PL) was observed for the Ln-surface-doped TiO2 NPs when measurements were made in forming gas (5% H2 + 95% Ar) at 520 °C. In contrast, the PL measurements made at room temperature did not show any noticeable difference in forming gas or in ambient air. Our temperature-dependent PL results obtained in different gas environments are consistent with modification of oxygen-vacancies and hole-defects due to a combination of hydrothermal treatment and surface Ln-doping.

Synthesis and characterization of MnO2nanowires

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani ◽  
Abdol Mahmood Davarpanah
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Method

Manganese oxides are of more interest to researchers because of their ability as catalysts and lithium batteries. In this research, MnO2nanowires with diameter about 45 nm were synthesized by sol–gel method at room temperature (RT). Effect of increasing the annealing temperature from 400[Formula: see text]C to 600[Formula: see text]C on crystalline structure of nanostructure were studied and average crystallite size was estimated about 22 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nanowires of MnO2.

scholarly journals Characterization of CuO thin films for gas sensing applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jamal M. Rzaij
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Increase ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Applications

Nanostructural cupric oxide (CuO) films were prepared on Si and glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) using laser Nd:YAG, using different laser pulses energies from 200 to 600 mJ. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the films showed a polycrystalline structure with a monoclinic symmetry and preferred orientation toward (111) plane with nano structure. The crystallite size was increasing with increasing of laser pulse energy. Optical properties was characterized by using UV–vis spectrometer in the wave lengthrange (200-1100) nm at room temperature. The results showed that the transmission spectrum decreases with the laser pulses energy increase. Sensitivity of NO2 gas at different operating temperatures, (50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C) was calculated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ba0.3Sr0.7ZrO3 Ceramic Thick Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali ◽  
Mohamad Ariff Othman ◽  
Nik Akmar Rejab ◽  
Mohd Zaid Abdullah ◽  
Arjuna Marzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Electrical Permittivity ◽  
Electrical Characterizations

This manuscript is explained and discussed the properties of ceramic thick films, [Ba0.3Sr0.7ZrO3,BSZ (0.7)] synthesized through sol-gel route. The gel decomposition was studied by thermogravinometry analysis (TGA). From thermal analysis, it had shown that BSZ (0.7) phase started formed at 800 °C and above. The crystal structure of this composite film studied exhibited highly polycrystalline materials by X-ray diffraction analysis. From high magnification observation of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), grain boundaries of BSZ (0.7) films are clearly defined meanwhile grains displayed are in flaky shape. The average diameters of the grains measured were 94.6 nm. However, grains boundaries of BSZ (0.0) films, are unclear and grains slightly look dendritic structure. Electrical characterizations of the films are carried out with impedance analyzer at 4 - 12 GHz respectively. Both of electrical permittivity and loss tangent observed are dependable with microstructural and structural of the films.

Structure and microstructure characterization of the mixed sesquioxides (Gd1−xYbx)2O3and (Gd1−xHox)2O3prepared by sol–gel process

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Heiba ◽  
L. Arda ◽  
Y. S. Hascicek
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Refinement Method ◽  
Cationic Distribution ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Structure And Microstructure

Polycrystalline samples of (Gd1−xYbx)2O3and (Gd1−xHox)2O3(0.0 ≤x≤ 1.0) were synthesized by a sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction data were collected and crystal structure and microstructure analyses were performed using the Rietveld refinement method. All samples were found to have the same crystal system and formed solid solutions over the whole range ofx. For the system (Gd1−xHox)2O3, the cationic distribution over the two non-equivalent sites 8band 24dof the space groupIa\bar{3} were found to be random for all values ofx. For (Gd1−xYbx)2O3, the distribution is random in the range 0.0 <x≤ 0.5 and preferential in the range 0.5 <x≤ 1.0. The lattice parameters are found to vary linearly with the compositionx. Replacing Gd3+and Yb3+, or Gd3+and Ho3+, by each other introduces slight changes in relative atomic coordinates. Crystallite size and microstrain analyses were performed along different crystallographic directions and both are found to vary anisotropically with the composition parameter (x). The obtained values of microstrain are correlated with the distribution of the rare earth ions over the two cationic sites of the structure. The average crystallite size ranges from 45 to 144 nm and the root mean square (r.m.s.) strain from 0.018 to 0.409 × 10−2.

scholarly journals Tri-doped Co-annealed Zinc Oxide Semi-conductor Synthesis and Characterization - Photodegradation of Dyes and Gas sensing Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Rakhra ◽  
Neha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Despite the fact that much of the research has been performed on ZnO-based nanoparticles but still a lot of unexplored The synthesis and characterization of the ZnO Nano rinds, which have been co-created using a simple combustion method, are documented here and are prepared with its sensor and photocatalytic degradations. In, Sn and SB specific quantity was used as dopants, while their effects were co-annealed on glass substrate at different temperatures, i.e. 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent at 5000C, 11000. At varying temperatures, the samples were coated on to the chosen substrate using doctor blade technique. Crystallite scale was measured to the range of 30-50 nm. At such temperatures the grain size measured for the samples was in range of 50-70 nm. This showed that the prepared Nano rods are well crystalline and have strong optical properties to handle. Studies of X ray diffraction showed the influential point (101). These coated samples designed for nitrogen gas sensing have been tested for the development of smart and functional instruments. Furthermore it was observed that the samples prepared at higher temperatures exhibit better recovery and better reaction time. Valance ion process explains the gas sensors fast reaction and long recovery time. Thus prepared ZnO nanoparticles are have photocattalytic degredation (99.86%) only in 55 min. We observed optimum exposure at an operating temperature of 1050C. It is notable that morphology of susceptible layer nanoparticles is preserved based on different tri-doping concentrations. The concentration of T2-ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of the DR-31 dye and NO2 gas sensing applications were 1.0 at.wt%

Study of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film by Sol-Gel Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharipah Nadzirah ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
N. Malihah
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) have been synthesized using sol-gel method with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst. The prepared TiO2 solution has been deposited onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrates via spin-coating technique. Film was annealed at 500 °C and aluminium (Al) IDEs have been fabricated. Finally the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows high intensity of both anatase and rutile peaks exist on 10 nm TiO2 thin film. Average crystallite size of the nanoparticles is seen to be 25 nm. UvVisible spectroscopic (UvVis) technique was used for the transmittance spectra characterization of the sample.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Peroxide Nanoparticles for the Photodegradation of Nitrobenzene Assisted by UV-Light

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Jesús Isaías De León Ramírez ◽  
Víctor Alfredo Reyes Villegas ◽  
Sergio Pérez Sicairos ◽  
Esteban Hernández Guevara ◽  
Mirna Del Carmen Brito Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Zinc Peroxide ◽  
Uv Lamps

The contamination of both soil and water by nitrobenzene (NB) is a problem that has been studied, where several reactive agents have been developed for the degradation of this compound as well as different methods. Nanoparticles with semiconductive properties have been studied for organic compounds photodegradation due to their assistance in optimizing the degradation processes. Two of the most promising photocatalysts are ZnO and TiO2 because of their optimal results. In the present work the performance of the zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nanoparticles was evaluated. ZnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized from zinc acetate and hydrogen peroxide using the Sol-Gel method under ultrasound assistance. The characterization was carried out by UV–Vis spectroscopy, infrared Fourier transform total reflectance (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experiments for the degradation of NB were carried out in a photoreactor with UV lamps of 254 nm at 25 °C, using a solution of nitrobenzene with the nanoparticles. The best conditions for NB photodegradation were 30 ppm (ZnO2) and 15 ppm (NB) at pH 2, reaching up to 90% degradation in 2 h. The intermediates formed during the photodegradation of NB were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals A comparative study on the electrical and gas sensing properties of thick films prepared with synthesized nano-sized and commercial micro-sized Fe2O3 powders

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mirzaei ◽  
Maryam Bonyani ◽  
Shahab Torkian ◽  
Mahdi Feizpour ◽  
Anna Bonavita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In this work, Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by Pechini sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations were used to study the morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized products. The electrical and gas sensing behaviour of the synthesized and commercial Fe2O3 samples, prepared in the form of thick films, were studied. Though the commercial Fe2O3 powders had lower resistance but it was found that the synthesized Fe2O3 NPs had better gas sensing properties. The underlying mechanisms are discussed in details. The present findings show advantages of Fe2O3 NPs over micro-size particles for gas sensing applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Ceramic Nanoparticles System Based on Anatase-Doped Hematite

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sorescu ◽  
L. Diamandescu ◽  
A. Sanns ◽  
D. Proch ◽  
J. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Ceramic Nanoparticles ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns

ThexTiO2-(1−x)α-Fe2O3ceramic nanoparticles system has been obtained by mechanochemical activation forx= 0.1 and 0.5 and for ball milling times ranging from 2 to 12 hours. Structural and morphological characteristics of the anatase-doped hematite system were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with electron diffraction (ED). In the XRD patterns, we could evidence the dissolution of anatase in hematite, more pronounced forx= 0.1. The Rietveld structure of the XRD patterns yielded the dependence of the particle size and lattice constants on the amountxof Ti substitutions and as function of the ball milling time. Forx= 0.1, we observed line broadening of the Mössbauer resonances and corresponding fit with several subspectra. Forx= 0.5, it can be observed that the central doublet corresponding to superparamagnetic particles becomes more prominent. The ball milling route allowed us to reach nanometric particle dimensions, which would make the materials very promising for catalytic and gas sensing applications.

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