scholarly journals A relational theory of effects and coeffects

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Dal Lago ◽  
Francesco Gavazzo
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Relational Calculus ◽  
Standard Formalism ◽  
The One

Graded modal types systems and coeffects are becoming a standard formalism to deal with context-dependent, usage-sensitive computations, especially when combined with computational effects. From a semantic perspective, effectful and coeffectful languages have been studied mostly by means of denotational semantics and almost nothing has been done from the point of view of relational reasoning. This gap in the literature is quite surprising, since many cornerstone results — such as non-interference , metric preservation , and proof irrelevance — on concrete coeffects are inherently relational. In this paper, we fill this gap by developing a general theory and calculus of program relations for higher-order languages with combined effects and coeffects. The relational calculus builds upon the novel notion of a corelator (or comonadic lax extension ) to handle coeffects relationally. Inside such a calculus, we define three notions of effectful and coeffectful program refinements: contextual approximation , logical preorder , and applicative similarity . These are the first operationally-based notions of program refinement (and, consequently, equivalence) for languages with combined effects and coeffects appearing in the literature. We show that the axiomatics of a corelator (together with the one of a relator) is precisely what is needed to prove all the aforementioned program refinements to be precongruences, this way obtaining compositional relational techniques for reasoning about combined effects and coeffects.

The Noble Nest by I. S. Turgenev: Poetics of Costume

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Galina P. Kozubovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Split Point ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The costume which has recently become the focus of many scientific disciplines has hardly attracted literary critics: the methodology of its research in fiction is just beginning to take shape. The historical and cultural approach, which essentially boils down to a commentary has been replaced by a very productive structural and semiotic approach that deciphers the semantics and functions of the costume. The methodology of our research is of a complex nature, combining the structural-semiotic, mythopoetic, and motivic aspects of the analysis of literary texts. The narratological aspect in the study of costume poetics is emphasized, which, as a rule, remains outside the scope of research.The narratological aspect is aimed at identifying “flickering” meanings in the structure of the whole – “prose as poetry” (V. Schmid).The dynamics of costume descriptions, their functionality in the structure of the whole and the specifics in the organization of the narrative (taking into account the “point of view”, the motive given by costume details and based on semantic nodes that connect polar meanings, etc.) are at the center of our research.Thanks to costume inclusions, the text of the novel The Noble Nest becomes multidimensional. Thus, the characterological detail of Panshin – a screw-shaped Golden ring is situational and at the same time conceptual: it connects the “beginnings” and “ends” of his story, symbolically programming fate. Laconic sketches of Lavretsky’s clothing, scattered throughout the text, formalizing the opposition of one’s own/ another’s, prepare a motif of loneliness and homelessness. In layered narrative created by the play of the author’s and character’s points of view, Lavretsky’s point of view “migrates” to the author’s one replacing it (“poetic” sign of the optics of the hero) and then separates from it. The content of the method of crushing, which replaced the silhouette image, is an expression of the confusion of the soul, deforming the female image. The details in Lavretsky’s “split” point of view are ambiguous: on the one hand, there is alienation, on the other hand, there is a subconscious attraction to the beloved woman in the primary, unreflexed sense of a person losing happiness. The novel’s flickering meaning is created by semantic nodes that match polarities. “White” is the symbolic color of the national, rooted in the soil (the white caps of Marfa Timofeevna and Nastasya Karpovna), and at the same time the ghostly, impossible realization of happiness (the rhyming white dress of Lisa and the white dress on the portrait of Lavretsky’s mother). “Black” is also ambivalent: the elegant black silk dress of Varvara Pavlovna and the unnamed color of Lisa’s monastic clothes in the Epilogue. The scarf that Marfa Timofeevna knits is a mythologeme that encodes the story of love and failed happiness and at the same time the semantic core of the poetics of incompleteness. Keywords: costume, costume poetics, mythologeme, narrative, semantics, point of view

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI KEHIDUPAN PADA NOVEL MOGA BUNDA DISAYANG ALLAH KARYA TERE LIYE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Lozi Septiana ◽  
Yayah Chanafiah ◽  
Amril Canrhas
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Story Line ◽  
Story Character ◽  
The One

This study aims to determine the values of life contained in the novel Moga Bunda Disayang Allah by Tere Liye. The formulation of this research problem is how the value of life contained in the novel Moga Bunda Disukai Allah by Tere Liye. The method used is descriptive. The research approach used in this study is an objective approach, focusing on intrinsic analysis. The source of this research data is the novel Moga Bunda Disayang Allah Tere Liye's work with data taken in the form of texts from the story line, theme and story, character and characterization , Point of view, the novel style of Moga Mother Dear Mother God by Tere Liye.Research Results Values of life contained in the novel Moga Mother Dear God is, judging from the main character of Bunda HK who is very fond of his disabled son and he endlessly fight against the disease Melati. Rough corals in caring for Jasmine, ugly physical but noble heart. Mr. HK is rich but inhuman, misjudging someone from his physical appearance, it turns out HK is wrong. The reef that was ostracized because of his appearance turned out to be the one who saved his daughter. Judging from the depressed Melati characters, the prestation with its limitations, suddenly can pray for Mother "met bobo Mother. Moga Mother Dear God".

scholarly journals Oroonoko: Royal or Slave; Bakhtinian Reading of Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko

IJOHMN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-37
Author(s):  
Ma’soome Sehat ◽  
Alireza Qadiri Hedeshi
Keyword(s):  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Aphra Behn ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Attitude ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
British Colony ◽  
The One

Having had its protagonist in a carnivalistic world, Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko provides a polyphonic atmosphere in which different attitudes toward colonization can be heard. Oroonoko, who used to be the prince of Coramantien, is doomed to live as a slave in Surinam; a British colony. This degradation, beside other elements of Bakhtinian carnivalesque, makes his language a unique one, belonging neither to aristocrats anymore nor to the slaves, but simultaneously representing both. The subtitle of the story, The Royal Slave, can be implied as referring to this paradox. Additionally, his relationship with the slave society lets their different beliefs and ideas be revealed to the reader despite the author’s will. Aphra Behn, the author, intends to impose her monolithic view on the readers. As a Tory proponent of her time, she defends the colonization and tries her best not to stand against. She attempts to portray her protagonist as the one who believes in social hierarchy; what defines a gentleman from the narrator’s viewpoint. On the surface, Aphra Behn and her hero seem to be of the same opinion toward monarchy and accordingly its policies. They both respect it and believe in its need for the society. A Bakhtinian reading, however, can disclose other massages. Adding to all that, having employed first point of view as the narrator, Behn provides an opportunity for herself to enforce her political attitude to the story. All miscellaneous details of the story are under the control of this monolithic voice. Therefore other characters including the hero can speak only after her permission. Nevertheless, the scope of the novel does not let her be meticulous enough and sporadically, other voices can be heard from different lines of the story. The Bakhtinian reading of this story can bring these hidden voices to the surface.

The genres of documentary novel of the “Neue Sachlichkeit” and the problem of cognition

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Olga A. Dronova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Neue Sachlichkeit ◽  
The World ◽  
Documentary Fiction ◽  
The One

We consider genre typology of documentary novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”: a “report” novel, a “novel of fact” and a documentary montage novel. The proposed classification is based on the different nature of the interaction of narrative and document in these types of novels. In the “report” novel the narration is conducted from the point of view of the observer, the literary text appears as a testimony, the document of an era. The “novel of fact” is based on real documents that are partially or fully integrated into the artistic whole. In the montage novel fragments of doc-umentary material and narrative are connected with each other associatively, resulting in a frag-mentary image of the world. We analyze the novels of 1920s – early 1930s by J. Roth, A. Doeblin, E. Ottwalt, E. Reger, R. Brunngraber and E. Koeppen. We substantiate the conception, that the problem of cognition acquires special importance in the documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. On the one hand, the hero of the novels is trying to understand the changed social reality. On the other hand, documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit” require special way of reading: they are designed to activate the reader's perception, to teach the reader to recreate a complete picture of reality based on the comparison of different ways of its image: narrative, evi-dence and documents.

COVID -19 Pandemic as an Existential Problem: An African Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Anthony Uzochukwu Ufearoh
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
African Culture ◽  
African Identity ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease and the efforts to contain the raging pandemic raise not only health, but also existential concerns. The present work sets out to examine how the pandemic impacts on the African socio-cultural life. The approach is analytical, phenomenological and above all conversational. For the African, the pandemic has two-pronged, positive and negative existential implications. On the one hand, the search for a possible cure and a vaccine for the novel coronavirus disease, when interpreted from the anthropological point of view, present an opportunity for cultural creativity in the areas of medicine and therapeutics. African traditional medicine as a cultural element is, here, referenced.On the other hand, it is discovered that the isolationist tendency of the pandemic, aggravated by another ‘virus of disinformation’ ─ an infodemics, threatens the social relations within the African world that is largely interdependent. The work argues that a fruitful utilization of the good cultural traits the pandemic brings can serve to boost the African self-confidence and cultural pride. The positive cultural traits that trail the pandemic can be absorbed to enrich the African culture whereas the negative traits should be jettisoned. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, African identity, equality, anthropology, medicine, and cultural pride.

scholarly journals “Sales leaders” or “prize-winning books”: tastes and preferences of the Slovak reader

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-406
Author(s):  
Liudmila F. Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great Success ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
The One ◽  
Women's Novels ◽  
Slovak Language

The book market in Slovakia is very rich and diverse; it presents works of various genres and themes, aimed at readers with a variety of tastes. The article discusses approaches to the evaluation of literary products, on the one hand, from the point of view of the reading public, and, on the other hand, the members of the juries of a number of literary prizes awarded annually in the country. The largest Slovak publishing houses and bookstores conduct monitoring, constantly updating their data on the best-selling books. Among the bestsellers are, as a rule, works of popular genres, including detective stories, women’s novels, political thrillers, novels with elements of mysticism. Other criteria are put forward by the jury of prestigious literary competitions, first of all, the Anasoft Litera Award for the best original prose literary work in the Slovak language. In more detail, the article discusses the books of the winners in the recent years. These are Ondrej Štefánik (the novel “I am Paula”, 2016), Ivan Medeši (the collection of short stories “Eating”, 2018), Jana Sabuchová (the novel “Whisperers”, 2019). Etela Farkašová’s novel “The Script” (2017), due to its high artistic merits and humanistic orientation, was a great success with both critics and readers.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION OF STATE VERBS IN GONE WITH THE WIND INTO LALU BERSAMA ANGIN : NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Desak Ayu Krisna Dewi ◽  
I Nengah Sudipa ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukarini
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gone With The Wind ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Text Word ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The One ◽  
Language Text

This writing aims to reveal what translation techniques are applied in translating state verbs and. to analyze how meanings are retained from source language text to target language text in the novel. It is also highlights the correlation between translation and semantic primes studies. The data focuses on the translation of state verbs taken from the novel Gone with the Wind into Lalu Bersama Angin written by Margareth Mitchell by applying the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. This study used a qualitative method means the data are collected by observation and note taking process. There are two main theories applied in this study they are the theory of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and the theory of translation techniques. NSM is used for a term of reference to break the concept or word down by using a small collection of semantic primes in order to make the differences clear among the meanings of state verbs in the form of paraphrases. The theory of translation techniques by Molina and Albir (2002) is applied in order to discuss the techniques of translation used in state verb lexicon. The result found literal translation is dominating the translation technique that indicates the direct transfer SL text word per word. There is also found translation by applying transposition involved the changes in word class. Another techniques found are modulation technique which change the point of view and discursive creation which deal with establishing a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context and the last translation technique found: particularization technique. The findings of the meaning retained from SL text into TL text are based on the subtype of state verb and explicated comprehensively using NSM approach. The categorization of state verb including type of cognition (e.g believing), type of know (e.g remember), type of feel (e.g loved), type of see (e.g stared), type of want (e.g anxious to get). There is also found several phenomena caused by the translation process. The change of intensity of state verb is the one from a higher intensity of meaning to a lower in accordance with the context such as from SL text stared into TL text menatap. The change of type of state verb also found; from type of feel into the type of want such as anxious into menginginkan.

scholarly journals VERBALIZATION OF FEMALE ARTISTIC IMAGES IN “A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS” BY KHALED HOSSEINI: GENDER ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Antonina Muntian ◽  
Iryna Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Feminine Discourse ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
The One

The purpose of this study is an attempt to examine women’s artistic images and their verbalization in Khaled Hosseini’s novel “A Thousand Splendid Suns”. In this study, the authors try to analyze the manifestations of the feminine discourse of the two main female characters in the novel “A Thousand Splendid Suns” in sociocultural and linguostylistic aspects. In the recent years women’s studies are becoming more and more significant; female discourses are being analyzed form different scientific points of view. Considering the relevant scientific works of eminent scientists, the authors of this article conclude that artistic images play an extremely important role in the implementation of current topics and ideas of any literary work: artistic images have the ability to produce new ideas and communicate these ideas to readers who in their turn could interpret them according to the cultural background, which ensures the formation of the linguistic and cultural concepts. Khaled Hosseini’s female characters’ discourse in his novel “A Thousand Splendid Suns” is multilayered: on the one hand, it is actualization of the personal fight for basic human rights within family hierarchy (cultural aspect) and on the other hand, it is the fight for civil rights from the point of view of social context.

scholarly journals OVERCOMING THE BOUNDARIES OF EVERYDAYNESS IN NIALL GRIFFITHS`S NOVEL «STUMP»

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Ganna Stovba
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The paper presents the research of poetics of the fourth novel «Stump» (2004) written by contemporary Welsh Anglophone author Niall Griffiths. The early works of Niall Griffiths have long been associated with the off-center tendency in contemporary British fiction, with novels written by Scottish authors such as Irvine Welsh, James Kelman, John King. This study attempts to demonstrate that Welsh writer doesn’t merely articulate the problems of the fringe groups of the society as well as shocking and taboo topics. Also to overcome the common postcolonial approach to Griffiths`s works which focuses on the concepts of «colonial othering», «forms of disability» etc. in the novels, the author of the article proposes the existential philosophy as methodological basis for this research. The study concentrates over the central problem of the human Being-in-the-world, the human life in the world of everydayness in Griffiths`s novel «Stump». Understanding «the everyday life», «everydayness» as common, routine life, full of daily automatic human actions (according to B. Waldenfels) the author aims to consider the boundaries of everyday life and the experience of overcoming the borders of everydayness in the novel discussed.The analysis demonstrates that narrative structure of the novel combines several modes and forms of narration. Interior monologue with steam of consciousness fragments is the form of representing the first plot line focusing on the one day of nameless recovering alcoholic who has lost his left arm to gangrene. «Style indirect libre» in first person plural form is used to finish each of the chapter devoted to one-armed hero and expresses his contradictory point of view on the «12 steps addiction recovery» program. The non-diegetic impersonal narrator (according to V. Shmid classification) introduces the second plot line devoted to the two gangsters who have set out from Liverpool on a mission to find and punish the one-armed man for a past misdeed. Their continual dialog sometimes is interrupted by the omnipresent narrator voice who conveys in form of indirect speech one of the gangster`s thoughts and his perceptive and ideological «point of view». A Griffiths`s fictional space can be divided on close/open, secular/sacral, everyday/non-everyday types. In the novel Wales natural world is opposed to any closed and narrow spaces. One-armed protagonist fills himself free and happy in the open space, where he communicates with birds, animals and meets a pantheistic God. Oppositely, two gangsters are afraid of open space in the middle of dangerous nature of Wales, when they leave native Liverpool. Having the works of K. Jaspers and M. Merleau-Ponty as the basis for our research, we conclude that the body for one-armed hero is an existential and temporal border, which transforms each moment of his life into an endless «boundary situation» (germ. Grenzsituation, according to K. Jaspers). A journey to unknown Wales gives a start to personal transformations for one of the gangsters – Alastair. Crossing the geographical border becomes a time of «boundarysituation» in Alastair`s existence. Consequently, the motives of the real Being, existential self-identity, meeting with the transcendent are concerned with the experience of overcoming the everydayness, crossing its boundaries.

Author's characters and the character of the author: The typical in fiction

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Wood
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article situates the semantics of fictional characters within a broader framework of authorial communication. It argues that theories of character in the novel will be deficient to the extent that characters are not conceptualised as motivated creations of an author. The influential approach of Georg Lukács effectively excluded the point of view of the author in favour of a direct relationship between the fictional work and processes of history, as an instance of the particular related to the universal. But here it is argued that the notion of the typical should rather be seen as a relation between the social milieu of the authorial experience on the one hand and the figure-ground construction of character on the other. This constitutes part of a project to examine the question of realism on a renewed basis, particularly in terms of the authorial presence within the fictional world, and the case is argued with specific reference to a novel by John Fowles.

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