The Exposome in the Era of the Quantified Self

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Michael P. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantified Self ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Physical Exposures ◽  
External Exposures

Human health is regulated by complex interactions among the genome, the microbiome, and the environment. While extensive research has been conducted on the human genome and microbiome, little is known about the human exposome. The exposome comprises the totality of chemical, biological, and physical exposures that individuals encounter over their lifetimes. Traditional environmental and biological monitoring only targets specific substances, whereas exposomic approaches identify and quantify thousands of substances simultaneously using nontargeted high-throughput and high-resolution analyses. The quantified self (QS) aims at enhancing our understanding of human health and disease through self-tracking. QS measurements are critical in exposome research, as external exposures impact an individual's health, behavior, and biology. This review discusses both the achievements and the shortcomings of current research and methodologies on the QS and the exposome and proposes future research directions.

scholarly journals The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Steinemann
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Fragrance is used in consumer products around the world. However, fragrance has been associated with adverse effects on indoor and outdoor air quality and human health. Questions arise, such as the following: Why does fragrance in products pose problems? What are sources of emissions and exposures? What are health and societal effects? What are possible solutions? This paper examines the issue of fragranced consumer products and its science and policy dimensions, with a focus on the implications for air quality and human health. Results include new findings and new questions for future research directions.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

scholarly journals Knowledge Graph Analysis of Human Health Research Related to Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7395
Author(s):  
Yating Zhao ◽  
Jingjing Guo ◽  
Chao Bao ◽  
Changyong Liang ◽  
Hemant K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Hotspots ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In order to explore the development status, knowledge base, research hotspots, and future research directions related to the impacts of climate change on human health, a systematic bibliometric analysis of 6719 published articles from 2003 to 2018 in the Web of Science was performed. Using data analytics tools such as HistCite and CiteSpace, the time distribution, spatial distribution, citations, and research hotspots were analyzed and visualized. The analysis revealed the development status of the research on the impacts of climate change on human health and analyzed the research hotspots and future development trends in this field, providing important knowledge support for researchers in this field.

MANAGING SPORT FOR HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: A BRIEF REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Yudha Gusti Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Mental Health Recovery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Important Activity

Background: Monotone activities and lack of physical activity are problems in recent decades. These phenomena will give negative impact for human health such as some disease. This problems can solve by sports Purpose: The purpose of this article is to find sports impact for human health. Results: Result of this study are sports can solve some disease because sports is medicine, sport can support mental health recovery and sport is physical activities for supporting healthy lifestyle Conclusion: Sports is an important activity in human life

Review of the Characteristics of Food-Derived and Endogenous Nɛ-Carboxymethyllysine

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIPENG HAN ◽  
LIN LI ◽  
BING LI ◽  
DI ZHAO ◽  
YUTING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Food Processes

N ɛ-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), a representative of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is commonly found in food and is considered a potential hazard to human health. Food scientists have begun to investigate the formation of CML in food processes. As the understanding of CML is mainly based on that of endogenous CML from the fields of biology and medicine, this review summarizes the different characteristics of food-derived CML and endogenous CML with respect to food safety, detection methods, formation environment, formation mechanism, and methods for inhibiting the formation of CML. Additionally, future research directions for the study of food-derived CML are proposed, including understanding its digestion, absorption, and metabolism in human health, developing rapid, reliable, and inexpensive detection methods, revealing its relationship with food components and production processes, and controlling the formation of CML through the addition of inhibitors and/or modification of food processing conditions, so as to contribute to the methods for controlling food-derived AGEs.

scholarly journals Fifteen Years of Continuous High-Resolution Borehole Strainmeter Measurements in Eastern Taiwan: An Overview and Perspectives

GeoHazards ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-195
Author(s):  
Alexandre Canitano ◽  
Maxime Mouyen ◽  
Ya-Ju Hsu ◽  
Alan Linde ◽  
Selwyn Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Borehole Strainmeter ◽  
Strain Modeling

As one of the most sensitive instruments for deformation monitoring in geophysics, borehole strainmeter has the capability to record a large spectrum of tectonic and environmental signals. Sensors are usually deployed near active faults and volcanoes and provide high-resolution continuous recordings of seismic and aseismic signals, hydrological variations (rainfall, groundwater level) and natural hazards (tropical cyclones, landslides, tsunamis). On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the installation of the first Sacks–Evertson borehole strainmeter, in central Japan, we present an overview of the major scientific contributions and advances enabled by borehole strainmeter measurements in Taiwan since their installation in the mid 2000s. We also propose a set of future research directions that address recent challenges in seismology, hydrology and crustal strain modeling.

scholarly journals A review on chemical and mechanical phenomena at the wafer interface during chemical mechanical planarization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Mechanical Phenomena

AbstractAs the minimum feature size of integrated circuit elements has shrunk below 7 nm, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technology has grown by leaps and bounds over the past several decades. There has been a growing interest in understanding the fundamental science and technology of CMP, which has continued to lag behind advances in technology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of various chemical and mechanical phenomena such as contact mechanics, lubrication models, chemical reaction that occur between slurry components and films being polished, electrochemical reactions, adsorption behavior and mechanism, temperature effects, and the complex interactions occurring at the wafer interface during polishing. It also provides important insights into new strategies and novel concepts for next‐generation CMP slurries. Finally, the challenges and future research directions related to the chemical and mechanical process and slurry chemistry are highlighted.

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