CRISPR Crops: Plant Genome Editing Toward Disease Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Langner ◽  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
Khaoula Belhaj
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

Genome editing by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) has revolutionized biology by enabling targeted modifications of genomes. Although routine plant genome editing emerged only a few years ago, we are already witnessing the first applications to improve disease resistance. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 has democratized the use of genome editing in plants thanks to the ease and robustness of this method. Here, we review the recent developments in plant genome editing and its application to enhancing disease resistance against plant pathogens. In the future, bioedited disease resistant crops will become a standard tool in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Generating novel plant genetic variation via genome editing to escape the breeding lottery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Schleif ◽  
Shawn M. Kaeppler ◽  
Heidi F. Kaeppler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Wild Accessions

AbstractPlant breeding relies on the presence of genetic variation, which is generated by a random process of mutagenesis that acts on existing gene pools. This variation is then recombined into new forms at frequencies impacted by the local euchromatin and heterochromatin environment. The result is a genetic lottery where plant breeders face increasingly low odds of generating a “winning” plant genotype. Genome editing tools enable targeted manipulation of the genome, providing a means to increase genetic variation and enhancing the chances for plant breeding success. Editing can be applied in a targeted way, where known genetic variation that improves performance can be directly brought into lines of interest through either deletion or insertion. This empowers approaches that are traditionally difficult such as novel domestication and introgression of wild accessions into a germplasm pool. Furthermore, broader editing-mediated approaches such as recombination enhancement and targeted random mutagenesis bring novel ways of variation creation to the plant breeding toolbox. Continued development and application of plant genome editing tools will be needed to aid in meeting critical global crop improvement needs.

scholarly journals Genome editing for disease resistance in livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Proudfoot ◽  
Christine Burkard
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Disease Resistant

One of the major burdens on the livestock industry is loss of animals and decrease in production efficiency due to disease. Advances in sequencing technology and genome-editing techniques provide the unique opportunity to generate animals with improved traits. In this review we discuss the techniques currently applied to genetic manipulation of livestock species and the efforts in making animals disease resistant or resilient.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Muntazir Mushtaq ◽  
Aejaz Ahmad Dar ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Anshika Tyagi ◽  
Nancy Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments

Genome-editing (GE) is having a tremendous influence around the globe in the life science community. Among its versatile uses, the desired modifications of genes, and more importantly the transgene (DNA)-free approach to develop genetically modified organism (GMO), are of special interest. The recent and rapid developments in genome-editing technology have given rise to hopes to achieve global food security in a sustainable manner. We here discuss recent developments in CRISPR-based genome-editing tools for crop improvement concerning adaptation, opportunities, and challenges. Some of the notable advances highlighted here include the development of transgene (DNA)-free genome plants, the availability of compatible nucleases, and the development of safe and effective CRISPR delivery vehicles for plant genome editing, multi-gene targeting and complex genome editing, base editing and prime editing to achieve more complex genetic engineering. Additionally, new avenues that facilitate fine-tuning plant gene regulation have also been addressed. In spite of the tremendous potential of CRISPR and other gene editing tools, major challenges remain. Some of the challenges are related to the practical advances required for the efficient delivery of CRISPR reagents and for precision genome editing, while others come from government policies and public acceptance. This review will therefore be helpful to gain insights into technological advances, its applications, and future challenges for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Plant and Fungal Genome Editing to Enhance Plant Disease Resistance Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Chandra Paul ◽  
Sung-Won Park ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Sungyu Choi ◽  
Jihyeon Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fungal Genome ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Crop production has been substantially reduced by devastating fungal and oomycete pathogens, and these pathogens continue to threaten global food security. Although chemical and cultural controls have been used for crop protection, these involve continuous costs and time and fungicide resistance among plant pathogens has been increasingly reported. The most efficient way to protect crops from plant pathogens is cultivation of disease-resistant cultivars. However, traditional breeding approaches are laborious and time intensive. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been utilized to enhance disease resistance among different crops such as rice, cacao, wheat, tomato, and grape. This system allows for precise genome editing of various organisms via RNA-guided DNA endonuclease activity. Beyond genome editing in crops, editing the genomes of fungal and oomycete pathogens can also provide new strategies for plant disease management. This review focuses on the recent studies of plant disease resistance against fungal and oomycete pathogens using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. For long-term plant disease management, the targeting of multiple plant disease resistance mechanisms with CRISPR/Cas9 and insights gained by probing fungal and oomycete genomes with this system will be powerful approaches.

scholarly journals Citrus Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance: Past, Present and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Sun ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Fuzhi Ke ◽  
Zhenpeng Nie ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Citrus Disease

Worldwide, citrus is one of the most important fruit crops and is grown in more than 130 countries, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The healthy progress of the citrus industry has been seriously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Several diseases, such as canker and huanglongbing, etc., rigorously affect citrus plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Genetic engineering technologies, such as genetic transformation and genome editing, represent successful and attractive approaches for developing disease-resistant crops. These genetic engineering technologies have been widely used to develop citrus disease-resistant varieties against canker, huanglongbing, and many other fungal and viral diseases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have made genome editing an indispensable genetic manipulation tool that has been applied to many crops, including citrus. The improved CRISPR systems, such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems, can provide a promising new corridor for generating citrus varieties that are resistant to different pathogens. The advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species will undoubtedly improve the breeding for citrus disease resistance with a much greater degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the recent successful progress that has been achieved in the effective application of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies to obtain citrus disease-resistant (bacterial, fungal, and virus) crops. Furthermore, we also discuss the opportunities and challenges of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies for citrus disease resistance.

scholarly journals Current and Future Prospects of Plant Breeding with CRISPR/Cas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Wagh Sopan Ganpatrao ◽  
Pohare Manoj Baliram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Trait Improvement ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Innovative plant breeding technology is an absolute necessity to enhance agriculture production in order to have an ambition of feeding nutritious food to the ever-increasing population. Current advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology have led to effective targeted changes in most plants that promise to accelerate crop improvement. Here we discussed the discovery of CRISPR/Cas technology, associated manipulations for plant genome editing and its potential applications in the plant breeding. We emphasized mainly on the most essential applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in crop improvement, such as crop trait improvement (yield and biotic/abiotic stress tolerance), developments in optimizing gene regulation, strategies for generating virus resistance in plants, and the use of high throughput mutant libraries. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for plant breeding in precision agriculture and its bright future discussed.

scholarly journals Recent advances in developing disease resistance in plants

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Frank F. White
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Approaches to manipulating disease resistance in plants is expanding exponentially due to advances in our understanding of plant defense mechanisms and new tools for manipulating the plant genome. The application of effective strategies is only limited now by adoption of rapid classical genetic techniques and the acceptance of genetically engineered traits for some problems. The use of genome editing and cis-genetics, where possible, may facilitate applications that otherwise require considerable time or genetic engineering, depending on settling legal definitions of the products. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches to developing disease resistance has never been greater.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 Technology and Applications in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emine Açar ◽  
Yıldız Aka Kaçar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Breeding Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

In order to increase access to nutritious foods around the world, innovative technologies need to be developed and integrated into agricultural production systems. The new plant breeding techniques developed offer many advantages for making modifications in the plant genome. CRSPR/Cas9, one of the genome editing technologies, is an efficient system with high potential that allows the formation of target-oriented mutations in many agricultural products and allows the mutation of new and desired characters to be obtained through breeding programs without the use of foreign genetic elements. In this review, we have summarize the discovery, evalution, functionality, genome editing studies of plants and the strong potentials of CRSPR/Cas9 technology for plant breeding.

CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing and Precision Plant Breeding in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 667-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunling Chen ◽  
Yanpeng Wang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Huawei Zhang ◽  
Caixia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Homology Directed Repair ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Enhanced agricultural production through innovative breeding technology is urgently needed to increase access to nutritious foods worldwide. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing enable efficient targeted modification in most crops, thus promising to accelerate crop improvement. Here, we review advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants and examine their applications in plant genome editing and related manipulations. We highlight base-editing tools that enable targeted nucleotide substitutions and describe the various delivery systems, particularly DNA-free methods, that have linked genome editing with crop breeding. We summarize the applications of genome editing for trait improvement, development of techniques for fine-tuning gene regulation, strategies for breeding virus resistance, and the use of high-throughput mutant libraries. We outline future perspectives for genome editing in plant synthetic biology and domestication, advances in delivery systems, editing specificity, homology-directed repair, and gene drives. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for precision plant breeding and its bright future in agriculture.

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