Deformed Wing Virus in Honeybees and Other Insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Martin ◽  
Laura E. Brettell
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Prevalent Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Deformed wing virus (DWV) has become the most well-known, widespread, and intensively studied insect pathogen in the world. Although DWV was previously present in honeybee populations, the arrival and global spread of a new vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, has dramatically altered DWV epidemiology. DWV is now the most prevalent virus in honeybees, with a minimum average of 55% of colonies/apiaries infected across 32 countries. Additionally, DWV has been detected in 65 arthropod species spanning eight insect orders and three orders of Arachnida. Here, we describe the significant progress that has been made in elucidating the capsid structure of the virus, understanding its ever-expanding host range, and tracking the constantly evolving DWV genome and formation of recombinants. The construction of molecular clones, working with DWV in cell lines, and the development of immunohistochemistry methods will all help the community to move forward. Identifying the tissues in which DWV variants are replicating and understanding the impact of DWV in non-honeybee hosts are major new goals.

scholarly journals Sciences and audiences along the last century: the impact of Astronomy Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ros ◽  
Beatriz Garca
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Teachers ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Science Activities

AbstractJust as in the past, the development of the natural sciences and in particular of astronomy has changed the history of humanity. If we think about the role of our discipline into the future, it shows its enormous power in the field of education, owing to the possibility of awakening interest in science in very varied audiences. Within the framework of the enormous progress made in the technologies related to astronomy, many of them of daily use, the role of the astronomer in the era of Communications acquires fundamental importance.In this presentation, we will try to make a journey through the different ways of presenting astronomical topics for different audiences over the last 100 years. In turn, we will show some specific achievements, associated with education programmes of the discipline. We discuss the impact produced by proposals that are both rigorous in terms of content, and also appeal to the development of the human being in an integral manner, within the framework of citizen science activities.For this research, we have taken into account the uninterrupted development of the NASE programme, which has performed 112 courses in 24 countries throughout the world and in different languages. NASE has involved 4966 secondary teachers in the last eight years.

scholarly journals Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and new approaches to pharmacotherapy (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
T. R. Stuchevskaya ◽  
V. S. Demeshonok
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Made In

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the loss of self-service and death of the middle-aged and elderly people. In the last 2 decades, significant progress has been made in the study of the pathogenesis of this disease. Two known drugs (riluzole and edaravone) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The efficacy of these drugs is extremely low, so clinical trials of new drugs are ongoing all over the world. This review discusses the current achievements and future directions of therapy of this disease.

scholarly journals Financial reforms in the MENA region, a comparative approach: The case of Tunisia, Algeria, morocco and Egypt

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alouani
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Financial Reforms ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The financial reform is one of the most important reforms prescribed by the Washington Consensus. With its internal and external components, it occurs in the final stages of the process of economic liberalization. In this work, and after listing, briefly, the causes of financial liberalization, we are going to study in a second section financial development and bank performance in four countries of the MENA region: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Egypt. In this context, we will explore some criteria for determining if the banking sector is performing as the level of intermediation margins, the state of the banking service, and so on. The third section will be subject to an assessment of financial liberalization since the start of reforms to the present day, while focusing on the impact of liberalization on the investment, savings, capital entry, and so on. Our conclusion will be in the form of recommendations aimed at showing that overall reforms, significant progress have been made in recent years but much remains to be done.

scholarly journals Life in Anticipation of the COVID-19 Pandemic ‘Peak’: Reflecting on ‘Strategies’ for and Variations in attempts at ‘Flattening the Curve’ and Managing the Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150016
Author(s):  
Reidar Staupe-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergency Measures

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the emerging COVID-19 threat a pandemic following the global spread of the virus. As countries around the world implemented emergency measures in a concerted effort to handle the emerging pandemic, the nature and implications of the different kinds of precautionary measures adopted have remained contested. The majority of countries opted for efforts to slow the rate of infection, whilst critics have argued for stricter and milder measures, respectively. The living experience of the pandemic is inherently temporal as it is shaped by sentiments of living in anticipation of the envisioned pandemic peak(s) and aftermath, as vividly illustrated with references to the need for ‘flattening the curve’ so as to reduce the impact of the looming or creeping crisis. This paper sets out to critically discuss the notion of pandemic ‘strategies’, recognizing also that governments altered their strategic stances throughout the initial phase of the pandemic. It is likely that the aftermath of the crisis will trigger discussions of what kind of response should be considered as best practice. Thus, greater attention to the notion of ‘strategies’ in light of the COVID-19 pandemic is in order.

scholarly journals THE ELECTROFILTER ASH OF GACKO THERMAL POWER PLANT AS TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIAL AND THE IMPACT OF ASH WASTE PILEON THE ENVIRONMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Crnogorac ◽  
Boško Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

During the working of thermal power plants, due to technological process of coal combustion, wastematter, which takes up large areas of land, degrades and pollutes the environment, is created. In the lastyears, a significant progress has been made in the world in researching new technologies thatimplement technogenic materials which have wide range of optimal economic use.An example for thisis electrofilterash which is, as technogenic raw material,largly and more often used in building industry.This resulted in decreasing negative effects of ash which was deposited considerably on ash waste piles.The use of ash for different industry purposes decreases the costs, increases a company's profitandremoves the negative effects on the environment and human health.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behaviour on spending pattern with respect to Mobile Phones and the impact of Anti-Chinese Sentiment towards buying of foreign brands

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 6270-6273
Author(s):  
Punit Tibrewala
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Study Hypothesis ◽  
Made In

COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world to a standstill. People are locked in their houses having a very low option to move out during the lockdown period. The objective of the study is to focus on the impact of COVID-19 on consumer behaviour towards the use of mobile phones and their view towards Made in India products. The consumption pattern of individuals might be altered due to COVID-19 as there is no knowledge of when everything will be resumed back to normal. A survey sheet was floated to collect individual data via responses using social media platforms, blogs and calls. These responses would provide data for further analysis to determine the outcome of the study. Hypothesis testing method is used for the data analysis and to interpret the results  

scholarly journals Epidemiology of interstitial lung disease in Palestine: first national data

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan S. Yamin ◽  
Amro Y. Alastal ◽  
Izzedin Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
National Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) across the world, but the amount of information available is still small compared to other respiratory diseases like obstructive lung diseases or lung cancer. In this study we tried to explore the epidemiology of ILD in a virgin area of the world (Palestine), by describing a retrospectively collected cohort of newly diagnosed ILD cases in a single – and the only – Pulmonology center in Palestine over two years.

scholarly journals Securing Quality in the Mixed Economy of Care: Difficulties in Regulating Training

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Balloch ◽  
Laura Banks ◽  
Michael Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Good Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This study explores issues about securing quality of provision in social care using evidence from research into training in the adult care sector in two English local authorities. It shows that progress towards securing a trained workforce is slow and explores reasons for this. It argues that since the government is making particular efforts to increase training in this sector, these data provide a good test case of the problems about using regulation to raise care standards. It concludes that significant progress is unlikely to be made in respect of training unless the impact of other factors, such as the occupational segregation of the workforce and contracting out, are also taken into account.

scholarly journals Infestation and distribution of the mite Varroa destructor in colonies of africanized bees

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moretto ◽  
J. de M. Leonidas
Keyword(s):  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Africanized Bees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bee Colonies

Whereas in several parts of the world varroa is the major pest affecting apiculture, in others the parasite is unknown to many beekeepers because its damage to bees is minor. The impact of the mite Varroa destructor is related to the climatic conditions and the races of Apis mellifera bees in each region where the pest exists. In the present study, the current level of infestation by the mite was assessed to determine the evolution of the pest in Africanized bee colonies in Southern Brazil. This level of infestation was considered low: approximately two mites per one hundred adult bees. This result is similar to that obtained for the same apiary almost five years ago and for others distributed in various regions of Brazil. In the present study, we also estimated the total varroa population and its distribution among brood and adults in each bee colony.

scholarly journals RNAi technology for plant protection and its application in wheat

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Liu ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Aili Li ◽  
Yingbo Mao ◽  
Long Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe RNAi technology takes advantage of the intrinsic RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism that exists in nearly all eukaryotes in which target mRNAs are degraded or functionally suppressed. Significant progress has been made in recent years where RNAi technology is applied to several crops and economic plants for protection against diseases like fungi, pests, and nematode. RNAi technology is also applied in controlling pathogen damages in wheat, one of the most important crops in the world. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the RNAi technology and the underneath mechanism. We then review the recent progress of its utilization in crops, particular wheat. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and prospect future development of this technology in crop protection.

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