scholarly journals Medical student misconceptions in cardiovascular physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bordes ◽  
Roni Manyevitch ◽  
John D. Huntley ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Ian V. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Physiology ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Student Misconceptions ◽  
Remedial Teaching ◽  
Lecture Instruction

Students find cardiovascular physiology challenging. Misunderstandings can be due to the nature of the subject, the way it is taught, and prior knowledge, which impede learning of new concepts. Some misunderstood concepts can be corrected with teaching (i.e., preconceptions), whereas others are resistant to instruction (i.e., misconceptions). A set of questions, specifically created by a panel of physiology experts to probe difficult cardiovascular concepts, was used to identify preconceptions, misconceptions, and the effect of education level on question performance. The introductory cardiovascular lecture used in this study was created based on these questions. In-class polling of medical students’ ( n = 736) performance was performed using the Turning-Point clicker response system during lecture instruction. Results were compared with published data from undergraduates ( n = 1,076) who completed the same questions but without prior instruction. To our knowledge, there have been no studies directly comparing performance using the same instrument and large numbers of undergraduate and medical students. A higher education level was associated with increased performance (preconceptions), whereas several concepts resistant to instruction (misconceptions) were identified. Findings suggest that prior knowledge interfered with the acquisition of medical knowledge. Based on these results, potential causes for these misconceptions and remedial teaching suggestions are discussed.

Prospective Factors that Predict American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination Performance: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110586
Author(s):  
David R Velez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Examination Performance ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Usmle Step ◽  
American Board Of Surgery

Introduction American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) performance has become an important factor when monitoring resident progress. Understanding which prospective factors predict performance can help identify residents at risk. Methods A literature search was conducted searching PubMed, EMBASE, and JAMA Network from June 2011 to June 2021, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed for the terms “ABSITE” and “American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination.” Prospective factors such as prior examination performance, clinical evaluations, and demographics were evaluated. Results A final 35 studies were included. The prospective factor most consistently found to predict ABSITE performance is performance on prior knowledge-based examinations such as the USMLE step exams. The ACGME Medical Knowledge 1 milestone evaluation also appears to correlate to ABSITE performance, although clinical evaluations, in general, do not. Demographics have no significant correlation to ABSITE performance. Discussion Using performance on prior knowledge-based examinations programs may be able to identify residents at risk for failing ABSITE. It may be possible to initiate early intervention before rather than only remediation after poor performance.

Are Future Doctors Prepared to Address Patients’ Nutritional Needs? Cooking and Nutritional Knowledge and Habits in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110181
Author(s):  
Sam Sugimoto ◽  
Drew Recker ◽  
Elizabeth E. Halvorson ◽  
Joseph A. Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Background. Many diseases are linked to lifestyle in the United States, yet physicians receive little training in nutrition. Medical students’ prior knowledge of nutrition and cooking is unknown. Objective. To determine incoming medical students’ prior nutrition knowledge, culinary skills, and nutrition habits. Methods. A dual-methods study of first-year medical students. Cross-sectional survey assessing prior knowledge, self-efficacy, and previous education of cooking and nutrition. Interviews of second-year medical students explored cooking and nutrition in greater depth. Results. A total of 142 first-year medical students participated; 16% had taken a nutrition course, with majority (66%) learning outside classroom settings. Students had a mean score of 87% on the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire versus comparison group (64.9%). Mean cooking and food skills score were lower than comparison scores. Overall, students did not meet guidelines for fiber, fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Interviews with second-year students revealed most learned to cook from their families; all believed it important for physicians to have this knowledge. Conclusions. Medical students were knowledgeable about nutrition, but typically self-taught. They were not as confident or skilled in cooking, and mostly learned from their family. They expressed interest in learning more about nutrition and cooking.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of lecture instruction and virtual reality-based serious gaming instruction on the medical students’ learning outcome about approach to coma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Siyah Mansoory ◽  
Mohammad Rasool Khazaei ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen Azizi ◽  
Elham Niromand
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serious Gaming ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lecture Instruction

Abstract Background New approaches to e-learning and the use of virtual reality technology and serious game in medical education are on the rise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lecture method and virtual reality-based serious gaming (VRBSG) method on students learning outcomes about the approach to coma. Methods We adopted a randomized trial method for this study and selected 50 medical students dividing them into experimental and control groups. Students’ learning outcome was measured with a 10-item test. Serious game usability scale was used to evaluate the usability of the serious game. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis by SPSS-22 software. Results Students’ familiarity with e-learning and VRBSG was low. The mean usability of a VRBSG was 126.78 ± 10.34 out of 150. The majority of students were eager to be instructed through VRBSG. The mean score of learning outcomes in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (t = − 2.457, P = 0.019). Conclusion Students’ learning outcomes in the VRBSG group in the test approach to coma were significantly better than the lecture group. The usability of the serious game instruction method was high. Taken together, instruction through VRBSG had an effective role in medical students’ learning.

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

scholarly journals Prior knowledge-based approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Schroeder ◽  
Dalma Martinović-Weigelt ◽  
Gerald T. Ankley ◽  
Kathy E. Lee ◽  
Natalia Garcia-Reyero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Knowledge Based

A noise reduction method for semi-supervised community detection based on harmonic function

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 1850166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilin Fan ◽  
Kaiyuan Song ◽  
Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Semi-supervised community detection is an important research topic in the field of complex network, which incorporates prior knowledge and topology to guide the community detection process. However, most of the previous work ignores the impact of the noise from prior knowledge during the community detection process. This paper proposes a novel strategy to identify and remove the noise from prior knowledge based on harmonic function, so as to make use of prior knowledge more efficiently. Finally, this strategy is applied to three state-of-the-art semi-supervised community detection methods. A series of experiments on both real and artificial networks demonstrate that the accuracy of semi-supervised community detection approach can be further improved.

Medical Aspects of Mental Retardation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1031
Author(s):  
GERALD D. LAVECK
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Defects

It is the purpose of this publication to present systematically in a single volume pertinent medical knowledge and recent biomedical advances in mental retardation. Although planned to aid the busy physician in diagnosing this disability and counseling parents, the book is also intended for medical students and scientists interested in this problem. Topics covered include genetics, metabolic defects, malformations, infections, injury, endocrine disorders, new growths, and other medical aspects of this handicapping condition. Over thirty authors, many of whom are recognized authorities in the field, have contributed to this volume.

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