Effects of energy deprivation on sex hormone patterns in healthy menstruating women

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. E483-E488
Author(s):  
M. S. Kurzer ◽  
D. H. Calloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Deprivation ◽  
Low Energy Diet

To determine whether short-term energy deprivation affects sex hormone patterns, six healthy women were studied for two menstrual cycles. Two diets containing recommended levels of all nutrients and differing substantially only with respect to energy content were provided in sequence. During the first cycle, energy intake was 40 +/- 2 kcal/kg body weight, and weight was essentially constant. For the second cycle, energy intake was reduced to 41% of the original intake, averaging 17 +/- 1 kcal/kg initial body weight. During the low-energy diet, weight loss ranged from 3.2 to 6.7 kg. The two leanest women, who also lost the most weight, became anovulatory and amenorrheic in the low-energy period. Within a specific phase of cycle, however, the diet did not affect concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone. Testosterone and androstenedione levels peaked midcycle normally and were decreased with the low-energy diet, while levels of sex hormone-binding globulin increased and those of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate did not change. These results demonstrate short-term dietary and body composition effects on the menstrual cycle and serum androgens.

Net energy efficiencies of Holstein, Jersey and Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schwager-Suter ◽  
C. Stricker ◽  
D. Erdin ◽  
N. Künzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Tissue Change

Abstract Net energy efficiencies were calculated from data of an experimental herd with respect to type of cow, lactation number, stage of lactation and diet. The trial consisted of 71 Holstein-Friesians, 71 Jerseys and 71 Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses in 1st, 2nd and > 2nd lactation. Data were collected during 210 days of lactation, from calving to week 30 and included total dry matter intake, energy content of foods, milk yield, milk solids, body weight, body condition scores and several body measurements. The cows were divided into four feeding groups : high and low energy content of roughage as well as high and low proportion of concentrates. Net energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio of milk energy to total net energy intake after subtracting energy utilized for maintenance and body tissue change. Body tissue change was calculated either via body-weight changes or body condition-score changes. Due to the distribution of the efficiencies being skewed, efficiencies were transformed applying a Box-Cox transformation. Transformed net energy efficiencies were analysed using a repeated measurements design considering the sequential nature of the observations. Mixed models with a compound symmetry structure for the variance components were applied. Final models contained the fixed effects of type, lactation number, feeding group and the covariates week of lactation and its square. Holstein-Jersey crosses were more efficient than purebreds, second lactation cows were least efficient, cows given low energy roughage and a lower proportion of concentrates were more efficient than cows on the other diets. Least efficient were the cows belonging to the high energy roughage and higher proportion of concentrates group. The coefficients of determination of the final models were between 0·357 and 0·492.

Delayed effects of short-term transdermal application of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on its metabolites, some hormonal steroids and relevant proteohormones in healthy male volunteers

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Šulcová ◽  
Richard Hampl ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Luboslav Stárka ◽  
Alois Nováček
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Healthy Male Volunteers ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Transdermal Application

AbstractTwenty-one healthy male volunteers aged 20–70years were given transdermally 25mg of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone daily in the form of an emulgel for 8 consecutive days. Morning blood was collected as follows: before application, and after the first, fourth and eighth doses (days 0, 2, 5 and 9), and then at different time intervals after termination of the treatment (days 16, 23, 37, 51, 72 and 100). Cortisol, testosterone, epitestosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, 7α- and 7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in blood sera. In the course of treatment 7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone was significantly increased; testosterone and gonadotropins were lowered, but only after the first dose. All other significant changes were observed duringthe period after termination of the application:7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone remained increased for 28days, 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were decreased as late as day 63 and 91, respectively. On the other hand, epitestosterone was significantly increased between days 23 and 100. The levels of all other parameters studied were not significantly changed. The study points to an immediate as well as delayed effect of the short-term transdermal application of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on relevant hormonal parameters.

Assessment and management of severe obesity in adults

2011 ◽  
pp. 1649-1652
Author(s):  
I. Sadaf Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning

Body weight is determined by an interaction between genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors acting through the physiological mediators of energy intake and expenditure (1). By definition, obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure and in any individual, excessive caloric intake or low energy expenditure, or both, may explain the development of obesity. A third factor, nutrient partitioning, a term reflecting the propensity to store excess energy as fat rather than lean tissue, may contribute.

scholarly journals Defense of Elevated Body Weight Setpoint in Diet-Induced Obese Rats on Low Energy Diet Is Mediated by Loss of Melanocortin Sensitivity in the Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Luchtman ◽  
Melissa J. S. Chee ◽  
Barbora Doslikova ◽  
Daniel L. Marks ◽  
Vickie E. Baracos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals Chicken adaptive response to low energy diet: main role of the hypothalamic lipid metabolism revealed by a phenotypic and multi-tissue transcriptomic approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Jehl ◽  
Colette Désert ◽  
Christophe Klopp ◽  
Marine Brenet ◽  
Andrea Rau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Background Production conditions of layer chicken can vary in terms of temperature or diet energy content compared to the controlled environment where pure-bred selection was undertaken. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of a 15%-energy depleted diet on egg-production, energy homeostasis and metabolism via a multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis. Study was designed to compare effects of the nutritional intervention in two layer chicken lines divergently selected for residual feed intake. Results Chicken significantly increased their feed intake and decreased their abdominal adipose tissue weight in response to the low-energy diet, whereas their egg-production was unchanged. For each production trait, no significant interaction was observed between diet and line. Moreover, the low energy diet had no effect on adipose tissue and liver transcriptomes. By contrast, the nutritional challenge affected the blood transcriptome and, more severely, the hypothalamus transcriptome which displayed 2700 differentially expressed genes. In this tissue, the low-energy diet lead to an over-expression of genes related to endocannabinoid signaling (CN1R, NAPE-PLD) known to regulate feed intake, and to genes related to polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis (FADS1, ELOVL5 and FADS2) such as the arachidonic acid which is a precursor of anandamide, a key endocannabinoid. A possible regulatory role of NR1H3 (alias LXRα) has been associated to these transcriptional changes. The low-energy diet further affected brain plasticity-related genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis and in the synaptic activity, revealing a link between nutrition and brain plasticity. It also upregulated genes related to protein synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in the hypothalamus, suggesting reorganization in nutrient utilization and biological synthesis in this brain area. Conclusions We observed a complex transcriptome modulation in the hypothalamus of chicken in response to low-energy diet suggesting numerous changes in synaptic plasticity, endocannabinoid regulation, neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity and protein synthesis. This global transcriptomic reprogramming could explain the adaptive behavioral response (i.e. increase of feed intake) of the animals to the low-energy content of the diet.

scholarly journals Effect of the perception of breakfast consumption on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Slater ◽  
William J. A. Mode ◽  
John Hough ◽  
Ruth M. James ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the effects of consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast on subsequent appetite and lunch energy intake. Methods Fourteen healthy males consumed water-only (WAT), very-low-energy, viscous placebo (containing water, low-calorie flavoured squash, and xanthan gum; ~ 16 kcal; PLA), and whole-food (~ 573 kcal; FOOD) breakfasts in a randomised order. Subjects were blinded to the energy content of PLA and specific study aims. Venous blood samples were collected pre-breakfast, 60- and 180-min post-breakfast to assess plasma acylated ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine concentrations. Subjective appetite was measured regularly, and energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum lunch meal 195-min post-breakfast. Results Lunch energy intake was lower during FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05), with no further differences between trials (P ≥ 0.132). Cumulative energy intake (breakfast plus lunch) was lower during PLA (1078 ± 274 kcal) and WAT (1093 ± 249 kcal), compared to FOOD (1554 ± 301 kcal; P < 0.001). Total area under the curve (AUC) for hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption were lower, and fullness was greater during PLA and FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05). AUC for hunger was lower during FOOD compared to PLA (P < 0.05). During FOOD, acylated ghrelin was suppressed compared to PLA and WAT at 60 min (P < 0.05), with no other hormonal differences between trials (P ≥ 0.071). Conclusion Consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast does not alter energy intake at lunch but may reduce cumulative energy intake across breakfast and lunch and attenuate elevations in subjective appetite associated with breakfast omission. Trial registration NCT04735783, 2nd February 2021, retrospectively registered.

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