Blockage of angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulates TNF-α-induced MAdCAM-1 expression via inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and ameliorates colitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. G255-G266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Mizushima ◽  
Makoto Sasaki ◽  
Tomoaki Ando ◽  
Tsuneya Wada ◽  
Mamoru Tanaka ◽  
...  

Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is an important target in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, treatment of IBD with an antibody to α4β7-integrin, a ligand for MAdCAM-1, has been an intense focus of research. Our aim was to clarify the mechanism by which MAdCAM-1 is regulated via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and to verify if AT1R might be a novel target for IBD treatment. The role of AT1R in the expression of MAdCAM-1 in SVEC (a murine high endothelial venule cell) and MJC-1 (a mouse colonic endothelial cell) was examined following cytokine stimulation. We further evaluated the effect of AT1R on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated colitis using AT1R-deficient (AT1R−/−) mice and a selective AT1R blocker. AT1R blocker significantly suppressed MAdCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of p38 MAPK or of IκB that modulate MAdCAM-1 expression. However, NF-κB translocation into the nucleus was inhibited by these treatments. In a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, the degree of colitis, judged by body weight loss, histological damage, and the disease activity index, was much milder in AT1R−/− than in wild-type mice. The expression of MAdCAM-1 was also significantly lower in AT1R−/− than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that AT1R regulates the expression of MAdCAM-1 under colonic inflammatory conditions through regulation of the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Furthermore, inhibition of AT1R ameliorates colitis in a mouse colitis model. Therefore, AT1R might be one of new therapeutic target of IBD via regulation of MAdCAM-1.

Author(s):  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Young Cho ◽  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
Min-Woo Cheon ◽  
...  

This study aimed to verify the efficacy of a combined treatment of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) and acupuncture (CV12, ST25, CV4) on colitis induced by dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS). Changes in immuno-mediated factors and metabolites were investigated. Colitis symptoms such as body weight loss and elevated disease activity index were alleviated by the combined treatment. Moreover, treatment with JGT and acupuncture restored the disturbed architecture of colon by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IFN-[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), IL-5 ([Formula: see text]), and IL-13 ([Formula: see text]) compared with the DSS group. Analysis of metabolic profiles of serum revealed that treatment groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT and acupuncture treatment altered serum metabolites. Furthermore, treatments caused opposite metabolite patterns for dimethylbenzimidazole, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, proline, phosphate, glycolic acid, aspartic acid, tryptophan, phthalic acid, ornithine, and glutamic acid compared with the DSS group. The combined treatment group induced more effective metabolite patterns than the JGT group, implying that acupuncture treatment can restore metabolic changes caused by DSS induction. These results indicate that the simultaneous treatment of JGT administration and acupuncture procedure provides better management of the immune function and inflammatory expression of colitis than a single treatment. It is assumed that intestinal microbial control can be achieved by acupuncture stimulation as well as by taking herbal medicine.


2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. F777-F785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Guo ◽  
Jeremiah Morrissey ◽  
Ruth McCracken ◽  
Timothy Tolley ◽  
Helen Liapis ◽  
...  

Angiotensin II upregulates tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the rat kidney with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In a mouse model of UUO, we found that tubulointerstitial fibrosis is blunted when the TNF-α receptor, TNFR1, is functionally knocked out. In this study, we used mutant mice with UUO in which the angiotensin II receptor AT1a or the TNF-α receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 were knocked out to elucidate interactions between the two systems. The contribution of both systems to renal fibrosis was assessed by treating TNFR1/TNFR2-double knockout (KO) mice with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. The increased interstitial volume (Vvint) in the C57BI/6 wild-type mouse was decreased in the AT1a KO from 32.8 ± 4.0 to 21.0 ± 3.7% ( P < 0.005) or in the TNFR1/TNFR2 KO to 22.3 ± 2.1% ( P < 0.005). The Vvint of the TNFR1/TNFR2 KO was further decreased to 15.2 ± 3.7% ( P < 0.01) by enalapril compared with no treatment. The induction of TNF-α mRNA and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in the kidney with UUO was significantly blunted in the AT1a or TNFR1/TNFR2 KO mice compared with the wild-type mice. Treatment of the TNFR1/TNFR2 KO mouse with enalapril reduced both TNF-α and TGF-β1 mRNA and their proteins to near normal levels. Also, α-smooth muscle actin expression and myofibroblast proliferation were significantly inhibited in the AT1a or TNFR1/TNFR2 KO mice, and they were further inhibited in enalapril-treated TNFR1/TNFR2 KO mice. Incapacitating the angiotensin II or the TNF-α systems individually leads to partial blunting of fibrosis. Incapacitating both systems, by using a combination of genetic and pharmacological means, further inhibited interstitial fibrosis and tubule atrophy in obstructive nephropathy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinghan Zheng ◽  
Liting Mai ◽  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Zireng Su ◽  
...  

Brucea javanica oil (BJO) is beneficial for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), and that quassinoids in particular brusatol are bioactive components. However, it is still uncertain whether or not other components in BJO, such as oleic acid and fatty acids, have an anti-UC effect. The present study is aimed at comparing the anti-UC effects between brusatol-enriched BJO (BE-BJO) and brusatol-free BJO (BF-BJO) and at exploring the effects and mechanisms of BE-BJO on colon inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Balb/C mice received 3% (wt/vol) DSS for one week to establish the UC model. Different doses of BE-BJO, BF-BJO, or BJO were treated. The result illustrated that BE-BJO alleviated DSS-induced loss of body weight, an increase of disease activity index (DAI), and a shortening of colon, whereas BF-BJO did not have these protective effects. BE-BJO treatment improved the morphology of colon tissue, inhibited the production and release of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β in the colon tissue, and reversed the decreased expressions of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and E-cadherin induced by DSS but augmented claudin-2 expression. Mechanistically, BE-BJO repressed phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit p65, suppressed RhoA activation, downregulated ROCK, and prevented phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in DSS-treated mice, indicating that the protective effect of BE-BJO is attributed to suppression of NF-κB and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways. These findings confirm that brusatol is an active component from BJO in the treatment of UC.


Author(s):  
М.В. Осиков ◽  
Е.В. Симонян ◽  
А.Е. Бакеева ◽  
Л.В. Астахова

Введение. Востребованным для лечения болезни Крона (БК) является разработка новых, обоснованных с патогенетических позиций и безопасных лекарственных средств преимущественно локального действия эндогенного или растительного происхождения. В этом отношении привлекает внимание экстракт корневищ Куркумы длинной (Curcuma longa), содержащий куркуминоидный комплекс, обладающий плейотропными эффектами. Ранее нами показано, что экстракт куркумы в составе суппозиториев при экспериментальной БК обладaет иммуномодулирующим и местным антиоксидантным действием, что предполагает влияние экстракта куркумы на морфологию очага повреждения в кишечнике при БК. Цель работы - изучение влияния экстракта куркумы в составе оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев на динамику морфологических изменений, экспрессию миелопероксидазы (МПО) и TNF-a в очаге повреждения толстого кишечника при экспериментальной БК. Методика. Эксперимент выполнен на 49 половозрелых крысах-самцах Wistar. БК моделировали введением per rectum спиртового раствора тринитробензосульфоновой кислоты (ТНБС). Оригинальные ректальные суппозитории массой 300 мг на основе полиэтиленгликолей различной молекулярной массы, содержащие 0,075 мг куркумина из экстракта корневищ Curcuma longa L., вводили per rectum каждые 12 ч в течение 7 сут. Клинический статус оценивали по модифицированной шкале Disease activity index (DAI). Морфометрически в стенке кишечника оценивали размер язвенного дефект, выраженность клеточной инфильтрации, рассчитывали индекс тканевого повреждения (tissue damage index, TDI), оценивали экспрессию МПО и TNF-α. Результаты. При экспериментальной БК на 3-и, 5-е и 7-е сут наблюдения в толстом кишечнике обнаруживались язвенные дефекты, выраженный отек тканей, плотная нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарная инифильтрации с примесью эозинофилов, плазмоцитов, гистиоцитов, фибробластов, наблюдалось формирование грануляционной ткани. Индекс тканевого повреждения возрастал, повышалась экспрессия МПО и TNF-α. Размер язвенных дефектов, выраженность инфильтрации, индекс тканевого повреждения соответствовали клинической картине и индексу DAI. Применение оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев с экстрактом куркумы (0,075 мг) приводит к снижению выраженности клинических и морфологических признаков заболевания, максимальный эффект отмечен на 5-е и 7-е сут наблюдения. Заключение. Установленные протекторные свойства куркумина в составе оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев при БК на доклиническом этапе расширяют современные представления о плейотропных эффектах экстракта куркумы и являются предпосылкой для проведения дальнейших исследований и внедрения новой лекарственной формы в клиническую практику. The development of safe, new, pathogenetically justified medicines, mainly with local effects and of endogenous or plant origin, is of great interest for treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD). In this regard, an extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa, containing a curcuminoid complex with pleiotropic effects, has attracted attention. We showed previously that having turmeric extract in suppositories for treatment of experimental CD would produce immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. This suggests that turmeric extract affects the morphology of the CD intestinal lesion. The aim of this work was to study the effect of turmeric extract in the composition of novel rectal suppositories on the morphology and expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TNF- α in colon lesions of experimental CD. Methods. Experiments were performed on 49 sexually mature male Wistar rats. CD was modeled by administration per rectum of an alcohol solution of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The newly formulated rectal suppositories weighing 300 mg and based on polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and containing 0.075 mg of curcumin obtained from Curcuma longa L. rhizome extract were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 7 days. The clinical status was assessed with the modified disease activity index (DAI) scale. The ulcer defect diameter, cell infiltration, tissue damage index (TDI), MPO expression, and TNF-α expression were evaluated. Results. In experimental CD on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of observation, a morphometric assessment of the lesion in the large intestine revealed the presence of ulcerative defects, edema, thick neutrophilic lymphocytic infiltration with an admixture of eosinophils, plasmocytes, histiocytes, fibroblasts, the formation of granulation tissue, increased TDI, and increased expression of MPO and TNF-α. The size of ulcerative defects, the degree of wall infiltration by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts were recorded. The TDI, the expression of MPO, and TNF-α were associated with the DAI. The use of the novel rectal suppositories produced a maximal effect on the 5th and 7th days of observation. The severity of clinical and morphological signs of the disease were reduced. These signs included ulcer size, TDI, intestinal wall infiltration with neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasmocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts, and expression of MPO and TNF-α. Conclusion. The results supplement available data on the pathogenesis, the role of the expression of MPO and TNF-α, and the morphology of the lesion in the clinical status in TNBS-induced CD in rats. The demonstrated, protective properties of curcumin in the composition of the novel rectal suppositories at the preclinical stage of CD expand modern understanding of the pleiotropic effects of turmeric extract and are a prerequisite for further research and the introduction of a new dosage form in clinical practice.


2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. G1167-G1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ungaro ◽  
Masayuki Fukata ◽  
David Hsu ◽  
Yasmin Hernandez ◽  
Keith Breglio ◽  
...  

Dysregulated innate immune responses to commensal bacteria contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). TLR4 is overexpressed in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients and may contribute to uncontrolled inflammation. However, TLR4 is also an important mediator of intestinal repair. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a TLR4 antagonist on inflammation and intestinal repair in two murine models of IBD. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or by transferring CD45Rbhi T cells into RAG1−/− mice. An antibody (Ab) against the TLR4/MD-2 complex or isotype control Ab was administered intraperitoneally during DSS treatment, recovery from DSS colitis, or induction of colitis in RAG1−/− mice. Colitis severity was assessed by disease activity index (DAI) and histology. The effect of the Ab on the inflammatory infiltrate was determined by cell isolation and immunohistochemistry. Mucosal expression of inflammatory mediators was analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Blocking TLR4 at the beginning of DSS administration delayed the development of colitis with significantly lower DAI scores. Anti-TLR4 Ab treatment decreased macrophage and dendritic cell infiltrate and reduced mucosal expression of CCL2, CCL20, TNF-α, and IL-6. Anti-TLR4 Ab treatment during recovery from DSS colitis resulted in defective mucosal healing with lower expression of COX-2, PGE2, and amphiregulin. In contrast, TLR4 blockade had minimal efficacy in ameliorating inflammation in the adoptive transfer model of chronic colitis. Our findings suggest that anti-TLR4 therapy may decrease inflammation in IBD but may also interfere with colonic mucosal healing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S6-S6
Author(s):  
Diane Peters ◽  
Lauren Norris ◽  
Barbara Slusher

Abstract Background Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is highly upregulated in human IBD and is a therapeutic target under active investigation by our laboratory. We recently published that a spontaneously occurring loss-of-function mutation in dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (Dock2Hsd) that was present in commercially-purchased “wild-type” C57Bl6/NHsd mice increased their sensitivity to DSS-colitis and caused them to closely resemble human IBD with respect to GCPII. The DSS-exposed Dock2Hsd mice had significantly elevated colon GCPII activities and were sensitive to treatment with the GCPII inhibitor, 2-PMPA. We hypothesized that if colitis of the same severity were to be induced in Dock2WT mice, that they would also exhibit heightened colon GCPII activity and would be equally sensitive to 2-PMPA treatment. Methods DSS-colitis was induced in weight-, age- and gender-matched C57Bl/6NHsd mice (Dock2Hsd and Dock2WT). Increasing concentrations of DSS were utilized (2.5%-4.0%) and disease activity index was monitored daily. Mice received once daily treatment with vehicle or GCPII inhibitor 2-PMPA (IP). Results With increased DSS concentrations (4%), a severe colitis could be established in the Dock2WT mice which closely resembled the disease seen in Dock2Hsd mice induced with 2.5% DSS. Interestingly, despite similarity in DAI scores and disease progression, the GCPII activity in colons of Dock2WT mice (4% DSS) remained significantly lower than that of Dock2Hsd mice (2.5% DSS) (p&lt;0.001, t-test). Further, while 2-PMPA was effective in both groups, higher systemic doses were required in the IBD-resistant Dock2WT mice. Conclusions Following identification that the spontaneously occurring mutation Dock2Hsd influences murine DSS-colitis sensitivity and alters the activity of our therapeutic target protein, GCPII, in the colon, we sought to re-establish our DSS model using Dock2WT mice. While we were successfully able to recapitulate disease severity in the Dock2WT mice by increasing the DSS concentration from 2.5% to 4%, the underlying disease biology was not conserved. Despite having comparable DAI scores at study termination, Dock2WT mice had decreased GCPII activity in their colons relative to Dock2Hsd mice and were less sensitive to inhibition with the GCPII inhibitor, 2-PMPA. These data caution that target protein expression must be verified even with subtle changes to experimental method when utilizing the DSS-colitis model.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S157-S157
Author(s):  
H Thorlacius ◽  
A Bjoerk ◽  
Ö Nordle ◽  
G Hedlund

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition with no known medical cure. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA [mesalazine]) represents the cornerstone of first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate UC. Sulfasalazine (SASP) is the original agent in this class of drugs. Meta-analyses of patients with mild-to-moderately active UC comparing 5-ASA to placebo showed 5-ASA to be significantly superior to placebo. However, about two-thirds of patients treated with 5-ASA fail to enter clinical remission. It is therefore most important to identify strategies to accelerate and maximise the therapeutic effects of 5-ASA. Therapeutic intervention against NFκB activation is a useful strategy for treatment of UC. The 4-alkanoylaminobenzamide PM0503 inhibits the breakdown of the NFκB inhibitor IκBβ, and SASP/5-ASA inhibits the breakdown of IκBα. This elicited a hypothesis of a possible synergistic action and converging effect on NFκB signalling. In the present study, we investigated the effect of combining SASP/5-ASA with PM0503 in experimental colitis. Methods SASP and PM0503 alone or in combination were administered for 5 days to Balb/c mice with colitis triggered by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Blood in the stool, stool consistency and body weight loss were evaluated daily on a 0–4 point scale. The disease activity index (DAI) was calculated by summarising the total score of these three parameters. Results Addition of 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days produced reproducible symptoms of colitis. PM0503 was shown to inhibit DSS induced colitis by reducing mean DAI at day 5 from 6.9 in controls to 1.7 (a 75% decrease). Mean DAI recorded with SASP treatment at optimal doses in the same series of experiments was 4.4 (a 36% decrease). Furthermore, and most important, lower doses of PM0503 acted synergistically with SASP in ameliorating DSS-induced disease severity. The combination of PM0503 and SASP using suboptimal doses having minimal beneficial effects as monotherapies, showed more than 50% disease inhibition at day 5. In addition, no toxicity was observed with PM0503 alone or in combination with SASP. Conclusion Our findings offer a preclinical rationale for simultaneous coadministration of PM0503 and a 5-ASA agent such as SASP or 5-ASA as first-line treatment for patients with UC.


2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Filip Mirić ◽  
Srđan Novak

Cilj: Svrha rada bila je utvrditi i usporediti učinkovitost te preživljenje TNF-α (engl. tumor necrosis factor-α) inhibitora (adalimumab, golimumab, infliksimab) tijekom trogodišnjeg praćenja u liječenju ankilozantnog spondilitisa. Materijali i metode: Ovim retrospektivnim istraživanjem obuhvaćena je skupina od 29 ispitanika koji su primili prvi biološki lijek na Odjelu reumatologije i kliničke imunologije Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. Započeli su s biološkim lijekom u razdoblju od siječnja 2009. do lipnja 2015. godine i bili praćeni tri godine nakon početka terapije. Parametri kojima se pratila aktivnost bolesti bili su BASDAI (engl. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), BASFI (engl. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), CRP (engl. C reactive protein) i VAS (engl. Visual Analogue Scale), a mjereni su prije početka terapije te nakon 3 i 36 mjeseci od njenog uvođenja. Rezultati: Od ukupno 29 ispitanika, 11 ih je bilo na adalimumabu, 10 na golimumabu, a 8 na infliksimabu. Analizirajući parametre uključene u ovo istraživanje (BASDAI, BASFI, CRP, VAS), ni u jednom promatranom periodu nije zabilježena statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika s obzirom na primijenjeni TNF-α inhibitor (svi p &gt; 0,05). Ukupno trogodišnje preživljenje TNF-α inhibitora iznosilo je 75,8 %. Kod ispitanika liječenih adalimumabom trogodišnje preživljenje iznosilo je 72,8 %, za golimumab 80 % te infliksimab 75 % (svi p &gt; 0,05). Zaključci: Uspoređujući ispitanike liječene adalimumabom, golimumabom i infliksimabom u prvoj liniji biološke terapije, naše istraživanje na malom broju ispitanika pokazalo je kako nema značajne razlike u njihovoj učinkovitosti i preživljenju.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wei ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Zhai ◽  
Junfeng Zhu ◽  
Fangli Yang ◽  
...  

Background. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of GLP to alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Methods. The mice were administered with GLP by intragastric gavage daily for two weeks prior to the DSS treatment. Mice were orally administered with 2.5% DSS dissolved in drinking water with GLP or water treatment for 6 days. The mice were killed on day 7 after induction of colitis. Survival rates, body weight loss, colon lengths, histological changes, and disease activity index scores (DAI) were evaluated. Results. GLP significantly improved survival rates, colon length shortening, body weight loss, histopathological score, and DAI scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. GLP markedly suppressed the secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4 and significantly affected populations of Th17 cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes. Conclusions. GLP prevented inflammation, maintained intestinal homeostasis, and regulated the intestinal immunological barrier functions in mice with DSS-induced colitis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengjie Zheng ◽  
Hailong Jiang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lei Qiu ◽  
...  

Abstract Snake has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine, especially for therapeutic treatment for inflammatory diseases; however, its mechanisms of action and active constituents remain controversial. In our study, a tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) selective binding peptide, Hydrostatin-SN1 (H-SN1), which was screened from a Hydrophis cyanocinctus venom gland T7 phage display library, was shown to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. As a TNFR1 antagonist, it reduced cytotoxicity mediated by TNF-α in L929 fibroblasts and effectively inhibited the combination between TNF-α with TNFR1 in surface plasmon resonance analysis. H-SN1 was also shown to suppress TNFR1–associated signaling pathways as it minimized TNF-α-induced NF-кB and MAPK activation in HEK293 embryonic kidney and HT29 adenocarcinoma cell lines. We next determined the effect of H-SN1 in vivo using a murine model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate, demonstrating that H-SN1 lowered the clinical parameters of acute colitis including the disease activity index and histologic scores. H-SN1 also inhibited TNF/TNFR1 downstream targets at both mRNA and protein levels. These results indicate that H-SN1 might represent a suitable candidate for use in the treatment of TNF-α-associated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases.


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