Combined effects of age and dietary fat on beta 1-receptors and Ca2+ channels in rat hearts

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. H66-H72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gudmundsdottir ◽  
V. E. Benediktsdottir ◽  
S. Gudbjarnason
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Level ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antagonist Binding ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet or diets supplemented with 10% butter, 10% corn oil, or 10% cod liver oil from the age of 2 mo. At 7 and 24 mo of age, the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids was determined in ventricular crude sarcolemma preparations; binding capacity and affinity (1/Kd) of [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]nitrendipine binding were also determined. The arachidonic acid level was significantly higher at 24 mo than at 7 mo of age in the membrane phospholipids in rats fed no extra fat, but in rats fed fat-supplemented diets, age had no effect. Affinity of Ca2+ channels for [3H]nitrendipine decreased significantly in all dietary groups between 7 and 24 mo of age, whereas the affinity of beta 1-receptors for [3H]dihydroalprenolol increased in corn oil-fed rats. Density of beta 1-receptors decreased significantly in corn oil- and butter-fed rats and rats fed no extra fat between 7 and 24 mo of age, whereas the density of Ca2+ channels decreased significantly in corn oil-fed rats. We conclude that the antagonist binding properties of Ca2+ channels and beta 1-adrenergic receptors in rat hearts may change with age depending on the dietary fat.

Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
I. Stachura ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
J. Costello ◽  
D.M. Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Unrestricted Diet ◽  
Progressive Renal Insufficiency

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

Dietary Choline Deprivation Exacerbates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Adult Rats

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Humadi ◽  
Athina Strilakou ◽  
Hussam Al-Humadi ◽  
Rafal Al-Saigh ◽  
Emmanouel Agapitos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Choline (Ch) is an essential molecule of substantial importance for the optimal development and function of several biological systems. Ch deprivation has been linked with abnormal fat metabolism, insulin resistance, and myocardial dysfunction. The current study provides evidence of an exacerbation of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy in adult diabetic Wistar rats by dietary Ch deprivation through the administration of a Ch-deprived diet (CDD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, diabetic (DM), choline-deprived through choline-deprived diet (CD), and diabetic choline-deprived (DM + CD). After five weeks of dietary intervention, myocardium echocardiographic and histological assessments were performed. Choline-deprived diabetic rats exhibited significantly slower heart rate, significantly higher myocardial ejection velocity and left ventricle wall tension index with a concomitant significant decreased LV posterior wall thickness as compared to diabetic rats fed on a standard diet. Moreover, histopathological evidence demonstrated an exacerbation of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis associated with significant up-regulation of VEGF expression in the diabetic rat myocardium as a result of Ch deprivation. The study’s findings are of particular significance since the examined experimental approach introduces a previously uncharacterised comorbidity simulation with regards to myocardial structure and functional profiling.

Role of phospholipases A2 and C in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. H877-H883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Prasad ◽  
L. M. Popescu ◽  
I. I. Moraru ◽  
X. K. Liu ◽  
S. Maity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Ischemic Myocardium ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Rat Hearts

We investigated the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and phospholipase C (PLC) in myocardial phosholipid degradation and cellular injury during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. For this purpose, isolated rat hearts were perfused with isotopic arachidonic acid to label its membrane phospholipids. Hearts preperfused with antiphospholipase A2 (anti-PLA2) retained a significantly higher amount of radiolabel in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol and a corresponding lower amount of radiolabel in lysophosphatidylcholine and nonesterified fatty acids (P less than 0.05) after 30 min of reperfusion following 30 min of normothermic global ischemia compared with hearts preperfused with nonimmune immunoglobulin G. In similar experiments, antiphospholipase C (anti-PLC)-treated hearts were associated with significantly (P less than 0.05) higher radiolabel in all phospholipids and lower radiolabel in diacyglycerol compared with nonimmune immunoglobulin G-treated hearts. Measurement of phospholipase activity in subcellular organelles of these hearts showed decreased PLA2 activity in cytosol, mitochondria, and microsomes of anti-PLA2-treated hearts and decreased PLC activity of microsomes in anti-PLC-treated hearts. Furthermore, both the antiphospholipases attenuated the release of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase into perfusate and increased contractility as well as coronary flow in the reperfused hearts. Results of this study suggest that both PLA2 and PLC are involved in the degradation of phospholipids and cellular injury that occur during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.

Evolution of the diverse biological roles of inositols

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Michell
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Redox Reagent ◽  
Ca2 Channels ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

Several of the nine hexahydroxycylohexanes (inositols) have functions in Biology, with myo-inositol (Ins) in most of the starring roles; and Ins polyphosphates are amongst the most abundant organic phosphate constituents on Earth. Many Archaea make Ins and use it as a component of diphytanyl membrane phospholipids and the thermoprotective solute di-L-Ins-1,1′-phosphate. Few bacteria make Ins or use it, other than as a carbon source. Those that do include hyperthermophilic Thermotogales (which also employ di-l-Ins-1,1′-phosphate) and actinomycetes such as Mycobacterium spp. (which use mycothiol, an inositol-containing thiol, as an intracellular redox reagent and have characteristic phosphatidylinositol-linked surface oligosaccharides). Bacteria acquired their Ins3P synthases by lateral gene transfer from Archaea. Many eukaryotes, including stressed plants, insects, deep-sea animals and kidney tubule cells, adapt to environmental variation by making or accumulating diverse inositol derivatives as ‘compatible’ solutes. Eukaryotes use phosphatidylinositol derivatives for numerous roles in cell signalling and regulation and in protein anchoring at the cell surface. Remarkably, the diradylglycerol cores of archaeal and eukaryote/bacterial glycerophospholipids have mirror image configurations: sn-2,3 and sn-1,2 respectively. Multicellular animals and amoebozoans exhibit the greatest variety of functions for PtdIns derivatives, including the use of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as a signal. Evolutionarily, it seems likely that (i) early archaeons first made myo-inositol approx. 3500 Ma (million years) ago; (ii) archeons brought inositol derivatives into early eukaryotes (approx. 2000 Ma?); (iii) soon thereafter, eukaryotes established ubiquitous functions for phosphoinositides in membrane trafficking and Ins polyphosphate synthesis; and (iv) since approx. 1000 Ma, further waves of functional diversification in amoebozoans and metazoans have introduced Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor Ca2+ channels and the messenger role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.

The effect of dietary fat on diet selection may involve central serotonin

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R559-R563 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Mullen ◽  
R. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
Selection Behavior ◽  
Brain Tissues

Rats consuming a diet of 34% tallow select more protein and less carbohydrate than rats fed either 5% corn oil or tallow or 34% corn oil (25). To examine potential mechanism(s) of this phenomenon, we fed rats diets containing either tallow or corn oil at levels of 5 or 34% for 2 days. Sera were analyzed, and rats fed 34% tallow had higher serum insulin compared with those fed 34% corn oil. In a second experiment, rats were fed either 34% corn oil or tallow for 2 days. Brain tissues were analyzed, and rats fed 34% tallow had elevated serotonin in the raphe area compared with those fed 34% corn oil. In a third experiment, rats were fed either 34% corn oil or tallow for 2 days and then given dl-fenfluramine before diet selection. Fenfluramine depressed food intake to a greater degree in rats fed 34% tallow compared with those fed corn oil. These findings suggest that the diet selection behavior observed in tallow-fed rats may be mediated by a central serotonin system.

NHE-1 participates in isoproterenol-induced downregulation of SERCA2a and development of cardiac remodeling in rat hearts

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. H2154-H2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munetaka Shibata ◽  
Daisuke Takeshita ◽  
Koji Obata ◽  
Shinichi Mitsuyama ◽  
Haruo Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Total Mechanical Energy ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lv Volume

Impaired Ca2+ handling is one of the main characteristics in heart failure patients. Recently, we reported abnormal expressions of Ca2+-handling proteins in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophied rat hearts. On the other hand, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)-1 inhibitor has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in ischemic-reperfusion injury and in the development of cardiac remodeling. The aims of the present study are to investigate the role of NHE-1 on Ca2+ handling and development of cardiac hypertrophy in ISO-infused rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into vehicle [control (CTL)] and ISO groups without or with pretreatment with a selective NHE-1 inhibitor, BIIB-723. ISO infusion for 1 wk significantly increased the ratios of heart to body weight and left ventricle (LV) to body weight and collagen accumulation. All of these increases were antagonized by coadministration with BIIB-723. The ISO-induced significant increase in LV wall thickness was suppressed significantly ( P < 0.05) by BIIB-723. ISO-induced decreases in cardiac stroke volume and a total mechanical energy per beat index, systolic pressure-volume area at midrange LV volume, were normalized by BIIB-723. The markedly higher expression of NHE-1 protein in the ISO group than that in CTL group was suppressed ( P < 0.05) by BIIB-723. Surprisingly, ISO induced downregulation of the important Ca2+-handling protein sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a, the expression of which was also normalized by BIIB-723 without changes in phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB)/PLB expression. We conclude that NHE-1 contributes to ISO-induced abnormal Ca2+ handling associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Inhibition of NHE-1 ameliorates cardiac Ca2+-handling impairment and prevents the development of cardiac dysfunction in ISO-infused rats.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR ON HISTOLOGICAL AND LIVER FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
Herlin Ajeng Nurrahma ◽  
Andreanyta Meliala ◽  
Paramita Narwidina ◽  
Sri Herwiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to hyperglycemia metabolism. This study aimed to find out how a banana peel supplemented diet affected histological and liver function changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and tryptophan are all contained in banana peel flour (BPF). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression and anxiety. This post-test-only control group study was conducted on twenty-five male Wistar rats which were separated into five groups with different treatments. Groups II to V were diabetic rats model groups that consumed standard diet mixed with BPF 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, while group I was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Hepatic enzyme transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase-ALT and Aspartate Aminotransferase - AST) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining were analyzed with the NAFLD score to examine the liver function and hepatocellular morphology. A change in liver function was observed, as well as a substantial change in the levels of ALT and AST. The NAFLD score with HE staining showed substantial improvements in liver morphology, which was better seen at a 20% BPF dose. The current study supported the hypothesis that BPF had a hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats, which may be due to the mechanism of controlling the hepatic enzyme transaminase and inducing liver regeneration.

scholarly journals Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (33) ◽  
pp. 4904-4920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L Boland ◽  
Denise Oró ◽  
Kirstine S Tølbøl ◽  
Sebastian T Thrane ◽  
Jens Christian Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

scholarly journals Dimethylglycine Supplementation in Reduced Energy Broilers’ Diets Restores Performance by Improving Nutrient Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Sofia Chalvatzi ◽  
Georgios A. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Tsiouris ◽  
Ilias Giannenas ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Standard Energy

Reducing the energy content of broiler diets could lead to the formulation of diets with reduced production cost. Dimethylgycine (DMG) has been used as a dietary supplement to enhance dietary fat utilization in poultry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of DMG supplementation in reduced energy diets on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty day-old broilers were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: a standard energy diet (PC treatment), a reduced energy diet by 66 kcal/kg (NC treatment) and the reduced energy diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of DMG (DMG treatment). Fat digestibility was significantly higher in DMG group, compared to PC and NC groups. Intestines and gizzard lesion scores were found to be lower in the DMG group compared to PC. DMG supplementation resulted in lower jejunum pH and ileum viscosity in broilers. Overall, the present study showed that DMG supplementation in reduced energy broiler diets restored growth performance to the levels obtained with a standard diet. This result was probably mediated by the positive effects on the gastrointestinal function of the broilers after DMG supplementation, as evidenced by the improved nutrient digestibility, the reduced gross lesion scores and the lower values in intestinal pH and viscosity.

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