A new method of long-term preventive cardioprotection usingLactobacillus

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. H1717-H1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Oxman ◽  
Michal Shapira ◽  
Adriana Diver ◽  
Rodica Klein ◽  
Natalie Avazov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Heat Stress Protein ◽  
Protective Proteins ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Stop Flow

Potential long-term cardioprotection was investigated in an extensive experimental study. Lactobacillus cultivation components (LCC) were administered intravenously in anesthetized rats 1, 7, and 21 days before global ischemia (GI). GI was produced by full stop flow in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts for 20 min and was followed by reperfusion. Control animals were injected with saline. LCC reduced reperfusion tachyarrhythmia significantly and improved functional recovery of the ischemized rat heart. These beneficial effects were associated with reduction of release of norepinephrine (NE) and prostacyclin at the first minute of reperfusion, activation of myocardial catalase, and overexpression of 70-kDa heat stress protein (HSP-70) at ischemia and reperfusion ( P < 0.05). This cardioprotection was documented up to 21 days after a single injection of LCC. Thus Lactobacillus cultivation components are new nontoxic materials that produce marked long-term cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion damage. This effect is attributed to an activation of the cellular defense system, manifested by activation of the antioxidant pathway and by expression of protective proteins. NE is involved in this process, and the data also suggest a role for prostacyclin in this model of cardioprotection. The potential of LCC and related compounds working through similar mechanisms in the prevention and therapy of various ischemic heart syndromes should be explored.

scholarly journals Long-term thyroxine administration increases heat stress protein-70 mRNA expression and attenuates p38 MAP kinase activity in response to ischaemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Pantos ◽  
VA Malliopoulou ◽  
IS Mourouzis ◽  
EP Karamanoli ◽  
SM Tzeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Mrna Induction ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Heat Stress Protein

The present study was undertaken to investigate heat stress protein (HSP)-70 mRNA induction and p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) activity in response to ischaemic stress in the hyperthyroid rat heart. L-Thyroxine (T(4)) (25 microg/100 g body weight) was administered to Wistar rats for 2 days (THYRacute) or 14 days (THYR), while animals treated similarly with normal saline served as controls (NORMacute and NORM). In addition, abdominal aortic banding was performed in another group of rats to produce constriction-induced hypertrophy (HYP), while sham-operated (SOP) animals served as controls. Isolated rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff mode. Hearts from NORMacute (n=6), THYRacute animals (n=8), NORM (n=6), THYR (n=6), SOP (n=5) and HYP (n=7) animals were subjected to 20 min of zero-flow global ischaemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. HSP70 mRNA expression and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression were detected in response to ischaemia and protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCepsilon) protein expression was detected at baseline. Thyroid hormones were measured in plasma. Long-term T(4) administration and aortic constriction resulted in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Thyroid hormones were increased in both THYR and THYRacute as compared with normal groups (P<0.05). HSP70 mRNA induction was increased 2.3-fold in THYR as compared with NORM hearts (P<0.05), whereas there was not any difference between THYRacute and NORMacute hearts (P>0.05). Phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression was 2.2-fold more in NORM than in THYR hearts (P<0.05), but it was not different between NORMacute and THYRacute hearts (P>0.05). HSP70 mRNA induction was 1.8-fold greater in HYP than in SOP hearts (P<0.05), whereas phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). PKCepsilon protein expression at baseline was 1.7-fold more in NORM than in THYR hearts (P<0.05), and not different between NORMacute and THYRacute hearts (P>0.05) as well as HYP and SOP hearts (P>0.05). This study shows that HSP70 mRNA expression is increased, whereas p38 MAPK activation is attenuated in response to ischaemia in long-term T(4)-treated rat hearts as compared with normal and acute hyperthyroid hearts.

Exploring the Role of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning In Long Term Cognitive Impairment after Global Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Vascular Dementia in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
The Brain

Aim: The aim of the present study is to explore the neuroprotective effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in long term cognitive impairment after global cerebral ischemia induced-vascular dementia in mice. Material and methods: The mice were subjected to global cerebral ischemia by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 12 minutes followed by the 24 hours of the reperfusion. The remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus was delivered in the form of 4 cycles of ischemia/reperfusion for 5 minutes each. The cerebral ischemic injury induced-long term cognitive impairment-related learning and memory alterations was assessed using morris water maze, the motor performances of the animals were evaluated using rota-rod test and neurological severity score. The cerebral infract size of the brain were quantified using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Results: Global cerebral ischemia causes long term memory impairment, decreases motor performances and increases the brain infract size in animals. The delivery of remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus significantly abolished the long-term cognitive impairment and ameliorates the motor performances as well as cerebral infract size in brain. Conclusion: The remote ischemic preconditioning mediates neuro protection against global cerebral ischemic injury induced long-term cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Shedding New Light on Mountainous Forest Growth: A Cross-Scale Evaluation of the Effects of Topographic Illumination Correction on 25 Years of Forest Cover Change across Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Jamon Van Den Hoek ◽  
Alexander C. Smith ◽  
Kaspar Hurni ◽  
Sumeet Saksena ◽  
Jefferson Fox
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Affect Detection

Accurate remote sensing of mountainous forest cover change is important for myriad social and ecological reasons, but is challenged by topographic and illumination conditions that can affect detection of forests. Several topographic illumination correction (TIC) approaches have been developed to mitigate these effects, but existing research has focused mostly on whether TIC improves forest cover classification accuracy and has usually found only marginal gains. However, the beneficial effects of TIC may go well beyond accuracy since TIC promises to improve detection of low illuminated forest cover and thereby normalize measurements of the amount, geographic distribution, and rate of forest cover change regardless of illumination. To assess the effects of TIC on the extent and geographic distribution of forest cover change, in addition to classification accuracy, we mapped forest cover across mountainous Nepal using a 25-year (1992–2016) gap-filled Landsat time series in two ways—with and without TIC (i.e., nonTIC)—and classified annual forest cover using a Random Forest classifier. We found that TIC modestly increased classifier accuracy and produced more conservative estimates of net forest cover change across Nepal (−5.2% from 1992–2016) TIC. TIC also resulted in a more even distribution of forest cover gain across Nepal with 3–5% more net gain and 4–6% more regenerated forest in the least illuminated regions. These results show that TIC helped to normalize forest cover change across varying illumination conditions with particular benefits for detecting mountainous forest cover gain. We encourage the use of TIC for satellite remote sensing detection of long-term mountainous forest cover change.

Beneficial effects of natural compounds on experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Dossi ◽  
Romina Vargas ◽  
Rodrigo Valenzuela ◽  
Luis Videla
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Liver Ischemia ◽  
Hepatic Surgery ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Liver

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a phenomenon inherent to hepatic surgery that severely compromises the organ functionality, whose underlying mechanisms involve cellular and molecular interrelated processes leading to the development...

scholarly journals Long-Term Caloric Restriction Attenuates β-Amyloid Neuropathology and Is Accompanied by Autophagy in APPswe/PS1delta9 Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Luisa Müller ◽  
Nicole Power Guerra ◽  
Jan Stenzel ◽  
Claire Rühlmann ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

Caloric restriction (CR) slows the aging process, extends lifespan, and exerts neuroprotective effects. It is widely accepted that CR attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology in models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by so-far unknown mechanisms. One promising process induced by CR is autophagy, which is known to degrade aggregated proteins such as amyloids. In addition, autophagy positively regulates glucose uptake and may improve cerebral hypometabolism—a hallmark of AD—and, consequently, neural activity. To evaluate this hypothesis, APPswe/PS1delta9 (tg) mice and their littermates (wild-type, wt) underwent CR for either 16 or 68 weeks. Whereas short-term CR for 16 weeks revealed no noteworthy changes of AD phenotype in tg mice, long-term CR for 68 weeks showed beneficial effects. Thus, cerebral glucose metabolism and neuronal integrity were markedly increased upon 68 weeks CR in tg mice, indicated by an elevated hippocampal fluorodeoxyglucose [18F] ([18F]FDG) uptake and increased N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio using positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging and magnet resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Improved neuronal activity and integrity resulted in a better cognitive performance within the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, CR for 68 weeks caused a significant increase of LC3BII and p62 protein expression, showing enhanced autophagy. Additionally, a significant decrease of Aβ plaques in tg mice in the hippocampus was observed, accompanied by reduced microgliosis as indicated by significantly decreased numbers of iba1-positive cells. In summary, long-term CR revealed an overall neuroprotective effect in tg mice. Further, this study shows, for the first time, that CR-induced autophagy in tg mice accompanies the observed attenuation of Aβ pathology.

Yields and nitrogen uptake of grain sorghum in various rotations, including lucerne, annual legume and long fallow

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Soil Evidence

Long-term yields, nitrogen uptake and responsiveness of grain sorghum following three lucerne rotations, an annual legume rotation, long fallowing, and continuous wheat growing were measured on a black earth and red clay in northern New South Wales. The three lucerne rotations compared two methods of lucerne establishment (with or without a cover crop) and two methods of grazing management (short or extended grazing).There were large beneficial effects of lucerne leys on the first grain sorghum crop, whether they were measured as grain yield, nitrogen content of the foliage and grain, or nitrogen uptake. The effect was much smaller in the second year but it increased in the third and fourth years, in direct relation to the rainfall during the sorghum flowering period. The effect was larger on the black earth than on the red clay, reflecting the much higher lucerne yields on the former soil. Evidence indicated that the nitrogen contribution from lucerne after the first year was no greater than the nitrogen accumulated by long fallowing, and this was attributed to very low rainfall and lucerne yields during the four year ley period.The annual legume rotation suffered from drought and insect damage in most years, and following sorghum yields tended to be lower than those achieved by long fallowing.Differences in the effects of establishment method and grazing management on total lucerne yields were reflected in the differences in subsequent grain sorghum yields. Largest differences were on the black earth where extended grazing lowered the total yields of lucerne and subsequent grain sorghum. Sowing lucerne under wheat had little effect on total yields of lucerne or sorghum.

The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus fermented black barley on high fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Guan ◽  
Xinwen Ding ◽  
Lingyue Zhong ◽  
Chuang Zhu ◽  
Pan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

Long term high-fat diet (HF) can cause metabolic disorders, which might induce fatty liver. Fermented whole cereal food exhibit healthy potential due to their unique phytochemical composition and probiotics. In...

Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: Evidence and mechanisms of action

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112098642
Author(s):  
Rafael Guimarães dos Santos ◽  
Jaime EC Hallak ◽  
Glen Baker ◽  
Serdar Dursun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Fast Acting

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide, and it is associated with a reduced quality of life and enormous costs to health care systems. Available drug treatments show low-to-moderate response in most patients, with almost a third of patients being non-responders (treatment-resistant). Furthermore, most currently available medications need several weeks to achieve therapeutic effects, and the long-term use of these drugs is often associated with significant unwanted side effects and resultant reductions in treatment compliance. Therefore, more effective, safer, and faster-acting antidepressants with enduring effects are needed. Together with ketamine, psychedelics (or classic or serotoninergic hallucinogens) such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and ayahuasca are among the few compounds with recent human evidence of fast-acting antidepressant effects. Several studies in the 1950s to 1970s reported antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of these drugs, which are being confirmed by modern trials (LSD, one trial; psilocybin, five trials; ayahuasca, two trials). The effects of these drugs appear to be produced primarily by their agonism at serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors, especially the 5-HT2A receptor. Considering the overall burden of MDD and the necessity of new therapeutic options, the promising (but currently limited) evidence of safety and efficacy of psychedelics has encouraged the scientific community to explore more fully their beneficial effects in MDD.

scholarly journals Verbal threat learning does not spare loved ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Morato ◽  
Pedro Guerra ◽  
Florian Bublatzky
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Learning History ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Verbal Threat

AbstractSignificant others provide individuals with a sense of safety and security. However, the mechanisms that underlie attachment-induced safety are hardly understood. Recent research has shown beneficial effects when viewing pictures of the romantic partner, leading to reduced pain experience and defensive responding. Building upon this, we examined the inhibitory capacity of loved face pictures on fear learning in an instructed threat paradigm. Pictures of loved familiar or unknown individuals served as signals for either threat of electric shocks or safety, while a broad set of psychophysiological measures was recorded. We assumed that a long-term learning history of beneficial relations interferes with social threat learning. Nevertheless, results yielded a typical pattern of physiological defense activation towards threat cues, regardless of whether threat was signaled by an unknown or a loved face. These findings call into question the notion that pictures of loved individuals are shielded against becoming threat cues, with implications for attachment and trauma research.

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