Behavioral, plasma, and calorimetric changes related to food texture modification in men

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. R1501-R1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Labouré ◽  
Virginie Van Wymelbeke ◽  
Marc Fantino ◽  
Stylianos Nicolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Texture Modification ◽  
Metabolic Management ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Mixture

We hypothesized that food texture modifications might alter anticipatory reflexes, feeding behavior, and the postabsorptive consequences of ingestion. Two sets of complete meals with different textures but the same macronutrient composition were prepared. The first set was either a soup containing chunks of food (mixture) or the same soup blended until smooth (purée). The second set was either a rusk (R), a sandwich loaf (SL), or a liquid rusk meal (LR). We measured hunger and fullness feelings after ingestion of each food in a calibrated lunch, the ingestion rate, the duration between lunch and a spontaneous dinner request, the energy value, and the macronutrient composition of the ad libitum dinner. We also studied plasma modifications and respiratory gas exchanges from lunch to dinner. Feelings of hunger and fullness were not affected by texture modifications. The purée soup was consumed faster than the mixture ( P < 0.05), and insulin, triacylglycerol, and energy expenditure were greater with the purée ( P < 0.05). LR was less palatable than the other rusk lunch versions ( P < 0.001), and R was ingested more slowly ( P < 0.05). The lowest increase in plasma glucose occurred with SL, and the highest energy expenditure was seen with LR ( P < 0.05). In humans, food texture modification affects not only eating patterns and palatability of ingestants but also metabolic management.

scholarly journals Metabolic, gastrointestinal, and CNS neuropeptide effects of brain leptin administration in the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. R1425-R1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan van Dijk ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
Todd E. Thiele ◽  
Mark I. Friedman ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ad Libitum

To investigate whether brain leptin involves neuropeptidergic pathways influencing ingestion, metabolism, and gastrointestinal functioning, leptin (3.5 μg) was infused daily into the third cerebral ventricular of rats for 3 days. To distinguish between direct leptin effects and those secondary to leptin-induced anorexia, we studied vehicle-infused rats with food available ad libitum and those that were pair-fed to leptin-treated animals. Although body weight was comparably reduced (−8%) and plasma glycerol was comparably increased (142 and 17%, respectively) in leptin-treated and pair-fed animals relative to controls, increases in plasma fatty acids and ketones were only detected (132 and 234%, respectively) in pair-fed rats. Resting energy expenditure (−15%) and gastrointestinal fill (−50%) were reduced by pair-feeding relative to the ad libitum group, but they were not reduced by leptin treatment. Relative to controls, leptin increased hypothalamic mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 61%) and for proopiomelanocortin (POMC; 31%) but did not reduce mRNA for neuropeptide Y. These results suggest that CNS leptin prevents metabolic/gastrointestinal responses to caloric restriction by activating hypothalamic CRH- and POMC-containing pathways and raise the possibility that these peripheral responses to CNS leptin administration contribute to leptin’s anorexigenic action.

scholarly journals Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e83498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Donnelly ◽  
Stephen D. Herrmann ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Jeffery J. Honas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast with different macronutrient composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake 4 h after breakfast in Indonesian obese women

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiastuti Witjaksono ◽  
Widjaja Lukito ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Nagita Gianty Annisa ◽  
Joan Jutamulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obese Women ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

scholarly journals Leptin Responsiveness in Chronically Decerebrate Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (10) ◽  
pp. 4623-4633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B. S. Harris ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness ◽  
Harvey J. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Peripheral infusions of physiological doses of leptin decrease body fat mass, but it is not known whether this results from direct effects on peripheral tissue or activation of central leptin receptors. In this study, we infused chronically decerebrate (CD) rats, in which the forebrain was surgically isolated from the caudal brainstem, with 60 μg leptin/d or PBS for 14 d from ip mini-osmotic pumps. The CD rats were tube fed an amount of food equivalent to the intake of ad libitum-fed intact controls or 75% of this amount to account for their reduced energy expenditure. Control rats fed ad libitum or tube fed 75, 100, or 125% of their ad libitum intake also were peripherally infused with leptin or PBS. CD rats had a lower serum testosterone, energy expenditure, and lean body mass compared with controls but had increased levels of adiponectin and leptin and were obese. Leptin increased body fat and decreased energy expenditure during the light period in 100%-fed CD rats, but not 75%-fed CD rats. Leptin decreased body fat of ad libitum- and 100%-fed but not 75%-fed or 125%-fed intact controls. Energy expenditure did not change in any control group. These results show that leptin can change body fat independent of a change in food intake or energy expenditure, that the forebrain normally prevents leptin from inhibiting energy expenditure through mechanisms initiated in the caudal brainstem or peripheral tissues, and that the leptin response in both intact and CD rats is determined by the energy status of the animal.

scholarly journals Reduced Albumin Concentration Predicts Weight Gain and Higher Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Douglas C. Chang ◽  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intake Regulation

ObjectiveCirculating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined.MethodsIn study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition.ResultsAfter adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (β= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p&gt;0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 ± 11.7 kg (p&lt;0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [β=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (β=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06).ConclusionsLower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT00340132, NCT00342732.

Food texture and texture modification for dysphagia management

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
Enrico Karsten Hadde ◽  
Jianshe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Food Texture ◽  
Texture Modification

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure Equation Choice: Effects on Cycling Efficiency and its Reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Bossi ◽  
Wouter P. Timmerman ◽  
James G. Hopker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

Purpose: There are several published equations to calculate energy expenditure (EE) from gas exchanges. The authors assessed whether using different EE equations would affect gross efficiency (GE) estimates and their reliability. Methods: Eleven male and 3 female cyclists (age 33 [10] y; height: 178 [11] cm; body mass: 76.0 [15.1] kg; maximal oxygen uptake: 51.4 [5.1] mL·kg−1·min−1; peak power output: 4.69 [0.45] W·kg−1) completed 5 visits to the laboratory on separate occasions. In the first visit, participants completed a maximal ramp test to characterize their physiological profile. In visits 2 to 5, participants performed 4 identical submaximal exercise trials to assess GE and its reliability. Each trial included three 7-minute bouts at 60%, 70%, and 80% of the gas exchange threshold. EE was calculated with 4 equations by Péronnet and Massicotte, Lusk, Brouwer, and Garby and Astrup. Results: All 4 EE equations produced GE estimates that differed from each other (all P < .001). Reliability parameters were only affected when the typical error was expressed in absolute GE units, suggesting a negligible effect—related to the magnitude of GE produced by each EE equation. The mean coefficient of variation for GE across different exercise intensities and calculation methods was 4.2%. Conclusions: Although changing the EE equation does not affect GE reliability, exercise scientists and coaches should be aware that different EE equations produce different GE estimates. Researchers are advised to share their raw data to allow for GE recalculation, enabling comparison between previous and future studies.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

Regulatory alterations of daily energy expenditure induced by fasting or overfeeding in unrestrained rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shibata ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

The consequences of fasting or overfeeding during 2 days on energy expenditure were investigated by continuously monitoring O2 consumption in unrestrained, unanesthetized rats. O2 consumption decreased by 15% on the 1st day of fasting and then by an additional 15% on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, when rats were fed again, energy intake increased by 30% above control (prefasting) values, whereas energy expenditure rapidly increased but no more than control values. On the other hand, when ad libitum fed animals were offered a sucrose solution (32%) for 2 days, energy intake increased by 30% and energy expenditure by 9–12%. On the 3rd day, when the rats were fed with their normal diet, energy intake significantly decreased under control (preoverfeeding) values during one day, but energy expenditure rapidly returned to normal values. The results show that fasting decreases, whereas hyperphagia increases 24-h energy expenditure during the treatments. When the treatments are terminated, energy expenditure rapidly returns to normal values, but fasting induces a postfasting increase of energy intake (during 2 days), whereas hyperphagia, on the contrary, results in a transient decrease of appetite. This indicates that alterations of food intake induce compensatory changes of energy expenditure during the treatments, but that after the treatments, energy balance is normalized via regulatory adjustments in the ratio of energy expenditure over energy intake.

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