Effects of variable caloric restriction on utilization of ingested energy in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. R549-R559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
A. Latiff ◽  
M. DiGirolamo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Absolute Reduction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Body weight reductions were produced in five groups of male Wistar rats (325 g) by starvation or by variable degrees of underfeeding. The resulting body weights were maintained, by adjusting daily food intake, at constant levels for at least 18 days. We found that 1) energy conservation (i.e., a reduction in the amount of energy required for maintenance) developed in proportion to reduction in body weight, 2) energy conservation increased even while reduced body weights were maintained at constant levels, 3) reduction in the energy required for maintenance was largely due to reduced resting metabolic rate, 4) a maximal ability to conserve energy seemed to occur in severely food-restricted rats, and 5) the magnitude of energy conservation appeared to be proportional to the absolute reduction in body weight and was unrelated (in the long run) to rapidity of weight loss. This study confirms that precise mechanisms of energy conservation are set in motion by food restriction and attempts to identify some components of this adaptive response.

Chronically altered body protein levels following lateral hypothalamic lesions in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. R738-R743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hirvonen ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Irreversible Reduction ◽  
Body Weights

Rats maintaining reduced body weights after lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH; LH rats) are characterized by smaller body protein masses. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether this reduced protein mass is actively defended. In the first, it was found that LH rats induced to overeat and restore body weight to the level of nonlesioned controls markedly increased their body fat without significantly increasing body protein. That is, LH rats at normal body weights were notably obese. In the second experiment, body protein losses produced by food restriction in LH rats were both relatively small and proportionally the same as those seen in similarly restricted nonlesioned controls. These observations demonstrate that LH rats retain the capacity for preserving body protein when challenged by either under- or overnutrition. The apparently irreversible reduction in the body protein mass thus appears to be the result of a specific lean tissue downregulation induced by LH damage.

scholarly journals National Toxicology Program Experience With Dietary Restriction: Does the Manner in Which Reduced Body Weight Is Achieved Affect Tumor Incidence?

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. Haseman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control

The increasing body weights and the associated increased tumor incidences observed in recent long-term rodent bioassays may adversely affect study sensitivity for detecting rodent carcinogenicity. For example, increasing body weights may result in reduced survival and fewer animals at risk for tumor development. Moreover, the increased control tumor incidences observed in the more recent studies make it more difficult to establish firm baseline values and to use historical control data in the overall evaluation of experimental results. Finally, if dosed animals are significantly lighter than controls within a given study, then it may be more difficult to detect carcinogenic effects for those tumor sites sensitive to body weight changes. One approach to deal with this problem is food restriction, and the recently completed NTP Dietary Restriction Study confirmed that reducing food intake can reduce background tumor rates in control animals. There was also a slight increase in survival (approximately 2 wk on average) in the food restricted animals. However, the experimental protocol that restricted food consumption in both dosed and control groups appeared to have reduced sensitivity for detecting carcinogenic effects relative to the standard NTP protocol. One important, but often overlooked, issue when considering dietary restriction is that tumor incidence profiles may differ for animals of equivalent body weight, depending upon how the reduced body weights were achieved. An evaluation of data from NTP long-term rodent studies and from the NTP Dietary Restriction Study indicates that food restricted animals show a significant reduction in a number of site-specific tumors relative to equivalently sized ad libitum-fed animals. These results suggest that a dietary restriction strategy that focuses on achieving similar body weights in dosed and control groups may produce false positive outcomes if substantially more food restriction is required for control groups than for dosed animals (e.g., if control animals must receive a moderate (15—20%) degree of food restriction to achieve body weights equivalent to those observed in ad libitum-fed dosed animals). Results from the NTP Dietary Restriction Study also demonstrate that a moderate (15—20%) food restriction protocol applied equally to dosed and control animals may produce false negative outcomes if the resulting body weights are substantially different in dosed and control groups. Alternative strategies for reducing body weights are briefly discussed, but at present it is unclear which strategy or combination of strategies will ultimately prove to be most effective for dealing with the problem of increasing body weights.

The Toxicity of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Weaned Pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Lomax ◽  
R. J. Cole ◽  
J. W. Dorner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Five- to six-week-old crossbred pigs weighing 5 to 14 kg were given purified cyclopiazonic acid at dosages of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Clinical signs observed by day 7 in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were weakness, inactivity, anorexia, rough hair coats, and reduced body weights. These pigs also developed diarrhea during week 2 of the experiment. The pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had rough hair coats and were moderately inactive during the second week of the experiment. At necropsy, lesions were observed only in pigs given 10 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. Lesions were gastric ulcers, mucosal hyperemia, and hemorrhage throughout the small and large intestine in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. The pigs also had yellow, fibrinonecrotic material in the lumen of the small intestine and pale livers. One pig given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had gastric ulceration. Microscopic lesions in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were necrotizing gastroenteritis, focal hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic peripheral lobular fatty change, and focal renal tubular nephrosis with focal suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid had necrotizing gastritis and villous blunting in the jejunum and ileum.

scholarly journals MetAP2 inhibition reduces food intake and body weight in a ciliopathy mouse model of obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tana S. Pottorf ◽  
Micaella Fagan ◽  
Bryan Burkey ◽  
David J. Cho ◽  
James E. Vath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Liver Morphology ◽  
Metabolic Indices ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractThe ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and Alström Syndrome are genetically inherited pleiotropic disorders with primary clinical features of hyperphagia and obesity. Methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitors (MetAP2i) have been shown in preclinical and clinical studies to reduce food intake, body weight, and adiposity. Here we investigated the effects of MetAP2i administration in a mouse model of ciliopathy produced by conditional deletion of the Thm1 gene in adulthood (Thm1 cko). Thm1 cko mice show decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin expression as well as hyperphagia, obesity, metabolic disease and hepatic steatosis. In obese Thm1 cko mice, two-week administration of MetAP2i reduced daily food intake and reduced body weight 17.1% from baseline (vs. 5% reduction for vehicle). This was accompanied with decreased levels of blood glucose, insulin and leptin. Further, MetAP2i reduced gonadal adipose depots and adipocyte size and improved liver morphology. This is the first report of MetAP2i reducing hyperphagia and body weight, and ameliorating metabolic indices in a mouse model of ciliopathy. These results support further investigation of MetAP2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for ciliary-mediated forms of obesity.

Methylnaltrexone reduced body weight gain in ob/ob mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Su Yuan, MD, PhD ◽  
Chong-Zhi Wang, PhD ◽  
Anoja Attele, MD ◽  
Liu Zhang, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Daily Food

Objective: Opioids may function to regulate food intake and body weight, an activity that could be predominantly centrally mediated. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist, methylnaltrexone, on weight changes in adult obese ob/ob mice.Results: After a 12-day treatment with naloxone 0.3 mg/kg, weight was reduced from 63.7 ± 1.1 g in the control group to 59.2 ± 0.9 g in the naloxone group (p < 0.05). After a 12-day treatment with methylnaltrexone 3.0 mg/kg, weight increase completely ceased. The body weight was 63.9 ± 1.0 g in the control group when compared with 55.9 ± 1.2 g in the drug group (p < 0.01). The effect of methylnaltrexone (1.0 mg to 3.0 mg/kg) on weight changes was dose-dependent (p < 0.01). Methylnaltrexone significantly reduced daily food intake (p < 0.05), but did not affect body temperature and energy expenditure. Using HPLC analysis, no detectable naltrexone levels were found in association with methylnaltrexone administration. Whether the observed methylnaltrexone effects are primarily related to the antagonism of endorphinergic system remains to be investigated.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the peripheral opioid mechanism contributes to modulating food ingestion and methylnaltrexone may have clinical importance in obesity management.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus on Lipid Levels and Atherogenic Indices in Hyperlipidemic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N. L. Nwobi ◽  
O. S. Usiobeigbe ◽  
R. O. Osaro ◽  
J. C. Nwobi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aim: To evaluate the effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on the lipid profile and atherogenic indices in Hyperlipidemic rats. Study Design, Place and Duration of Study: This case-control study was done for 60 days between March and April, 2017 at the department of Medical Laboratory Science and Department of Chemical Pathology, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Thirty male wistar rats weighing 117-130 g were divided randomly into 3 groups: Normolipidemic (NL) rats (fed with standard rodent chow), Hyperlipidemic (HL) rats (fed with standard rodent chow + duck yolk and reused oil), Hyperlipidemic Treated (HL+T) rats (fed with standard rodent chow + duck yolk and reused oil + 5% Pleurotus ostreatus powder).  Changes in the animal body weights were measured in this study. Serum was obtained from fasting blood samples for the standard biochemical analyses of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatinine, urea, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and Log (TG/HDL) ratios were calculated. Results: The HL+T rats compared to HL rats had significantly reduced body weight, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and Log(TG/HDL) by 19.59%, 14.38%, 15.82%, 25.52%, 15.83%, 28.89%, 20.24% and 27.27% respectively (p ≤ 0.05) but recorded no significant change in HDL-C (p > 0.05). Creatinine, urea, AST and ALT did not show any significant change in HL rats and HL+T rats (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment of hyperlipidemic male wistar rats with Pleurotus ostreatus reduced body weight, lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL, VLDL) and atherogenic indices (TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, Log (TG/HDL)) and appeared to have no detrimental effects on the liver and kidneys. These findings may provide insights and scientific basis for the promotion of the use of Pleurotus ostreatus in controlling hyperlipidemia and associated complications.

Effects of fasting and restricted refeeding on utilization of ingested energy in rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R318-R327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
S. K. Fried ◽  
M. DiGirolamo
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Primary Form

Ingested metabolizable energy was partitioned into 3 components--storage, cost of storage, and maintenance--to study energy utilization during 20 days of refeeding following a 3-day fast in adult male Wistar rats. During the refeeding period, one experimental group was refed ad libitum, whereas two others were restricted to approximately 75 and 50%, respectively, of prefast food intake. Energy utilization in the experimental groups was compared with that in nonfasted controls. Energy conservation occurred in all experimental groups during refeeding, and the primary form of that conservation was a decrease in the energy required for maintenance. The decreased requirement for maintenance allowed a greater proportion of ingested energy to be used for restoration of carcass energy. The degree of energy conservation was, in general, proportional to the degree of food restriction during refeeding.

Effect of food restriction on 24-h serum and pineal melatonin content in male rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Chik ◽  
A. K. Ho ◽  
G. M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Pineal Melatonin ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract. Food restriction (50%) effects on the 24-h rhythm of serum and pineal melatonin (MT) were studied in 260–300 g male Wistar rats under a lighting regimen of 14 h light and 10 h dark. Body weight, testicular weight, accessory organ weights, serum LH, serum testosterone, and 24-h rhythms of serum and pineal MT were determined. One week of food restriction caused a decrease in body weight (18%), accessory organ weights (18%), and serum LH (50%), but had no effect on serum or pineal MT. Three weeks of food restriction suppressed the body weight and accessory organ weights further (35% and 39%, respectively), reduced serum LH (68%) and serum testosterone (53%), reduced pineal MT (12%) and raised serum MT (34%). The increased serum MT may play a role in the reported potentiation of pineal action in food deprived rats.

Body energy status and the metabolic response to acute inflammation

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. R1024-R1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Lennie ◽  
D. O. McCarthy ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Body Energy

An animal model of acute inflammation was used to examine how body energy status influences the syndrome of anorexia, negative nitrogen balance, and body weight loss typically seen in response to injury. Specifically, the metabolic response to acute inflammation was studied in rats of normal, elevated, or reduced body weights. Rats induced to overeat and gain weight prior to inflammation displayed protracted anorexia, greater subsequent weight loss, higher metabolic rates, and greater negative energy balance than rats of normal weight. Conversely, rats with reduced body weights displayed elevated food intakes, body weight gain, attenuated nitrogen loss, and normal rates of energy expenditure. Prior weight reduction did not affect postinflammation fever or levels of fibrinogen, iron, and interleukin-6-like activity, suggesting that the ability to mount an acute phase response was not impaired in weight-reduced rats. These results suggest that the usual postinflammation adjustments in body energy flux and body nitrogen are regulated components of a metabolic response to acute inflammation which renders normally protected sources of endogenous energy and substrate available for repair and recovery.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document