Spontaneous drinking: is it stimulated by hypertonicity or hypovolemia?

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R143-R148
Author(s):  
T. R. Houpt ◽  
C. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spontaneous Drinking

Ten young female pigs were allowed to eat and drink whenever they wanted, and blood samples were taken without disturbance to the pig. Samples were divided into four categories: 1) base line, i.e., taken when not drinking and not eating; 2) preprandial, i.e., taken when starting to drink just before eating; 3) postcibal, i.e., taken when starting to drink after any eating; and 4) nonprandial, i.e., taken when starting to drink but not in association with eating. Osmolality (mosmol/kgH2O), plasma protein (g/dl), and packed cell volume (%) were, respectively, as follows (mean +/- SE): base line 294.9 +/- 1.8, 6.2 +/- 0.1, and 30.0 +/- 1.2; preprandial 295.1 +/- 1.7, 6.1 +/- 0.2, and 29.7 +/- 1.4; postcibal 295.0 +/- 3.3, 6.5 +/- 0.2, and 31.7 +/- 1.3; and nonprandial 295.2 +/- 1.4, 6.3 +/- 0.1, and 30.0 +/- 1.3. None of the parameters associated with drinking were significantly different from base-line parameters, except for the postcibal rise of packed cell volume. Calculated blood volume differences from base line were as follows: preprandial 0.7 +/- 1.2% fall; postcibal 0.2 +/- 1.7% increase; and nonprandial 0.8 +/- 0.9% fall. It is unlikely that either plasma hypertonicity or hypovolemia stimulates drinking under spontaneous conditions.

scholarly journals Metabolic responses in endurance horses during racing in relation to uric acid profile, leucocytes, heart rate and plasma biochemical parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Adamu ◽  
MA Noraniza ◽  
A. Rasedee ◽  
A. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Uric acid has stronger pro-oxidant than antioxidant properties during equine endurance events and thus, limits performance and has serious repercussions on health. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in uric acid, leucocytes, plasma biochemical parameters and heart rate in metabolic endurance horses. Thirty Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected pre and post-race. After physical examination, the successfully completed (n = 10) and metabolic disordered (n = 20) endurance horses were identified. Blood samples in heparinised vacutainer tubes were used for the determination of uric acid, triglyceride, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, packed cell volume, lactate, total protein and plasma protein. Blood sample in ethyl diaminotetra-acetic acid vacutainer tubes were used for the analysis of leucocytes. The age, body weight, heart rate, humidity and ambient temperature were also recorded. One way Analysis of variance and pairwise correlations were used for the analysis. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significantly different. The mean values of uric acid, lactate, leucocytes, plasma protein, total protein, heart rate, creatine pinase and Packed cell volume were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses P < 0.0001), respectively. The mean values of aspartate transaminase and triglyceride were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses: P < 0.0130 and P < 0.0004, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between uric acid and lactate (r = 0.5196; P < 0.0271), between uric acid and plasma protein (r = 0.6025; P < 0.0175), between uric and Packed cell volume (r = 0.5206; P < 0.0268), between uric acid and triglyceride (r = 0.5541; P < 0.0170) and between uric acid and heart rate (r = 0.5629; P < 0.0150) in the metabolic disordered endurance horses. In conclusion, heart rate, triglyceride, blood lactate and packed cell volume were significantly associated with uric acid, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Therefore, uric acid could be used to evaluate performance and health status in endurance horses during training and endurance events.

The blood composition of Friesian bulls; variations with age and relationships with results of progeny tests

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Stark ◽  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
R. Manston ◽  
A. E. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Cell Volumes

SummaryBlood samples were taken from 172 Friesian bulls during 1973–5 on three or four occasions. The bulls were in Milk Marketing Board cattle breeding centres in England and Wales and were from 1 to 14 years of age.The blood samples were analysed for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume and glucose, and samples of serum for the concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea-nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Mg, K, Na and Cu.Packed cell volumes and haemoglobin and K concentrations were higher in bulls than those previously recorded in dairy cows. There were significant age relationships for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, albumin and globulin (P < 0·001), inorganic phosphate and erythrocytes (P < 0·01) and Ca and Mg (P < 0·05).Repeatability estimates were calculated and compared with estimates previously obtained for dairy cows.On the basis of improved contemporary comparisons of the bulls, there was a significant relationship between the average milk yield of a bulls daughters and the concentrations of urea, inorganic phosphate and K (P < 0·05) in the blood serum of the bull.

The effect of season on the composition of the blood of lactating and non-lactating cows as revealed from repeated metabolic profile tests on 24 dairy herds

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
W. Little ◽  
R. Manston ◽  
Sally M. Dew
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SUMMARYBlood samples were taken from groups of lactating and non-lactating cows on three occasions from each of 24 commercial dairy herds sampled eight herds at a time at 6-weekly intervals throughout 1972. The blood samples were analysed for packed cell volume, blood glucose and haemoglobin, and for the serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea nitrogen, Ca, inorganic phosphate, Mg, K, Na, Cu, and Fe.Clear seasonal patterns were evident for packed cell volume and the mean concentrations of urea nitrogen and haemoglobin each of which were highest during the summer months. The effect of season on the concentrations of the other constituents was smaller. Mean values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and Fe were consistently higher in the non-lactating cows than in the lactating cows. Mean concentrations of Mg were lower in the blood of non-lactating cows throughout the year; Cu concentrations followed a similar trend in the autumn and winter.There was evidence of overall herd differences regardless of season, in particular for Cu, globulin, Fe and urea nitrogen concentrations.

scholarly journals Some physiological and chemical properties of horse and cow blood samples under effect of some different types of anticoagulants

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Muna M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Blood Samples

     The purpose of the present study is to determine and compare the anticoagulants, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, Sodium oxalate, Sodium citrate and heparin in blood samples of horse and bull, through estimation of (Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Plasma Platelets Count) and  plasma physical properties (clarity and volume) and some chemical properties (pH and calcium ion concentration). Five Blood samples were obtained from five stallions and five bulls (20 ml/sample) and were divided as 5 ml in four test tubes containing Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, sodium oxalate, sodium citrate and heparin at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume were estimated immediately and then the blood samples were centrifuged for 15 min. at 3000 rpm to obtain plasma for evaluating the physical and chemical properties specified above. The horse blood samples pertaining data had no significant elevation in hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group as compared to other groups, beside having no significant changes in pH between the four treated groups while there was a significant increase in plasma volume of oxalate and citrate as compared to Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and heparin, and there was a significant increase in plasma platelet count of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group as compared to heparin. As well there was a significant decrease of calcium ion concentration in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, oxalate and citrate as compared to heparin, while the results of bull blood samples revealed that the hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume were significantly higher in heparin group than in the oxalate and citrate groups with non significant differences with Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group. The plasma obtained from different types of anticoagulants appeared with a high degree of clarity, and the volume of plasma had no significant increase in oxalate and citrate group as compared to other groups. The Plasma Platelet Count and calcium concentration significantly increased in heparin group as compared to other groups. In conclusion, the Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid was more reliable for horse blood samples while the anticoagulant heparin was more reliable anticoagulant for bull blood samples.

scholarly journals Respons Hematologi dan Kimia Darah Domba Lokal Indonesia Terhadap Stres Transportasi Selama 12 Jam (HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO 12 HOUR TRANSPORTATION STRESS IN IN LOCAL INDONESIAN SHEEP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sarmin Sarmin ◽  
Amelia Hana ◽  
Pudji Astuti ◽  
Yuda Heru Febrianto ◽  
Claude Mona Airin
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Transportation Stress

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transport 12 hours on  haematological and some biochemical responses of local Indonesian sheeps.  Ten adults (2.0-2.5 years)  male local Indonesian sheeps  BW adult 30-40 kg were transported by L-300 pickup truck starting at 3:00 pm to 3:00 am on the d 2 without stopping. Jugular blood were collecte-d at 7 am (-8 h pre- transportation as baseline), 15:00  immadiately after (0 h),  19:00 (4 h), 23:00 (8 h) ,  03.00 (12 h ), and at 11.00 d 2 (+8 h)  post-  transportation as recovery period). Under  the conditions of the present study, transport of local Indonesian sheeps significantly increased glucose  during 4 h  transport (P <0.05), increased eosinophil at 0 h (P <0.05) and no significant changed in erythrocytes, haemoglobin , monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, leukocytes,  packed cell volume (PCV), and total plasma protein (TPP) (P> 0.05). Our findings showed that transportation 12 h affected  eosinophil during 0 h and glucose metabolism during 4 h of transportation, but did not any affect on some haematology and dehydration responses in local Indonesian sheeps. 

Blood pressure control and erythrocytosis in rats: theory and observations

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Gould ◽  
Susan Goodman ◽  
Charles Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

We compared some of our latest experiments on blood pressure control and erythrocytosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats with Gaar's computer-simulated studies, which suggest that erythrocytosis is a key to understanding the hemodynamic changes in hypertension. We tested two of Gaar's several predictions: (i) peripheral vascular resistance decreases when the feedback control of erythrocytosis is blocked and (ii) in primary hypertension, blood volume is increased slightly. We also studied the interrelation of systolic blood pressure and plasma renin substrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and the effect of diet on renin, blood pressure, and erythrocytosis. Our data showed that (i) on a percentage basis the renin system supports blood pressure essentially in the same manner in normal and hypertensive rats, (ii) peripheral vascular resistance decreased when erythrocytosis was partially blocked by feeding a low-iron diet, (iii) blood volume was similar in normal and hypertensive rats, and (iv) dextrin stimulates plasma renin, packed cell volume, and blood pressure in hypertensive rats. We conclude that blood pressure and erythrocytosis are interrelated, that the combined data of simulated and experimental studies support the notion that primary hypertension is a blood-vessel adaptation in response to a renal energy need that may require additional oxygen.Key words: angiotensinogen, renin, dextrin, packed cell volume.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the response by Trypanotolerant cattle to infection with Trypanosomiasis

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
D L Romney ◽  
A Njie ◽  
P Holmes ◽  
M Gill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Trypanotolerant Cattle

Tse-Tse flies inhabit over 11 million km2 of Africa and are vectors of trypanosomes which cause trypanosomiasis in domestic livestock. The disease has a negative effect on productivity and is fatal in non tolerant breeds. The effect of nutrition on response to the disease was studied.Thirty two N'Dama heifers (initial mean liveweight 113 + 17.0) were offered ad libitum andropogon hay plus 10.2 g/kg LW groundnut hay (GNH) (L) or GNH and 3.9 g/kg LW groundnut cake (GNC) (H). After 4 weeks on diet, half of each group were inoculated intradermally with trypanosomes (T. Congolense) (LI and HI). Intake was measured daily and liveweights weekly, while thrice weekly blood samples were examined for parasitaemia and packed cell volume (PCV).

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