Depletion of linoleate induced by weight cycling is independent of extent of calorie restriction

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. R43-R50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Chen ◽  
M. M. Sea ◽  
K. Y. Kwan ◽  
Y. H. Leung ◽  
P. F. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Triacylglycerol Species

Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that weight cycling induced by repeated dieting over time may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is speculated that the increased mortality from coronary heart disease for people with a history of excessive weight cycling could be attributed to change in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated cycling of 100% food restriction followed by ad libitum refeeding caused a depletion of linoleate and alpha-linolenate in rats. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the weight cycling-induced reduction in linoleate and alpha-linolenate is independent of extent of calorie restriction. Two consecutive weight cycles in three experiments were induced by 100% calorie restriction, 60% calorie restriction, and 36% calorie restriction, respectively, followed by ad libitum refeeding. As the consequence of the two weight cycles, linoleate and linolenate were decreased, whereas myristate, palmitate, and palmitoleate were proportionally increased in carcass and adipose tissue lipids. The results of all three experiments showed a preferential depletion of linoleate and alpha-linolenate without changes in final body weight, total body fat, and adipose tissue pads in the weight-cycled rats. In addition, the triacylglycerol species profile in the adipose tissue of weight-cycled rats was significantly remodeled, with a proportional depletion of linoleate-enriched triacylglycerol species (LLL, LLO, and LLP, where L, O, and P are linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid, respectively) and a proportional accumulation of palmitate-enriched triacylglycerol species (OPPo, PPPo, and PPP, where Po is palmitoleic acid). We conclude that weight cycling changes the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and remodels the adipose tissue triacylglycerol species profile in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of diethylstilboestrol on adipose-tissue lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Sink ◽  
CK Huston ◽  
JW Shigley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

1. The effect of diethylstilboestrol on the fatty acid composition of adipose-tissue lipids of the ox (Bos taurus) was studied. 2. The capsula adiposa (perirenal) was shown to contain more total saturated fatty acids, whereas more total unsaturated fatty acids were found in the panniculus adiposus (subcutaneous). 3. Significantly more stearic acid and linolenic acid were obtained from the capsula adiposa, whereas the panniculus adiposus contained more myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 4. Implanting diethylstilboestrol significantly increased the deposition of the saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic acid. 5. A decrease in the deposition of total unsaturated fatty acids, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid can also be attributed to the diethylstilboestrol treatment.

The effect of food intake and dietary fatty acids on the activity of stearoyl-CoA Δ9 desaturase in pig adipose tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Buller ◽  
M. Enser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryStearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was determined in the subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of pigs either fed ad libitum, or starved for up to 48 h. The effect of saturated fatty acids, as suet, or linoleic acid, as corn oil, on the enzyme activity was determined in pigs refed after starvation or fed 50% of the ad libitum intake.Desaturase activity was similar in the outer and inner backfat and was twice as high as in perirenal adipose tissue. Starvation for 48 h decreased the activity by 70, 91 and 94 % in the outer and inner backfat and perirenal adipose tissue respectively. Lowering food intake to 50 % of normal decreased desaturase activity by 46% in the outer back-fat. There was no significant difference in the response of desaturase to 10% corn oil or suet added to the diet during refeeding after starvation or to the diet of underfed pigs. Although the enzyme thus appeared insensitive to dietary saturated fatty acids or linoleic acid, it was inhibited by linoleoyl-CoA in vitro.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Lack of activation of UCP1 in isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria by glucose-O-ω-modified saturated fatty acids of various chain lengths

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon P. Breen ◽  
Wayne Pilgrim ◽  
Kieran J. Clarke ◽  
Cristy Yssel ◽  
Mark Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Chain Lengths

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

scholarly journals Productivity, Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Retention, and Meat Quality in Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Sida hermaphrodita

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwin ◽  
Gugołek ◽  
Strychalski ◽  
Fijałkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage crop in rabbit nutrition. Despite the numerous advantages of alfalfa, efforts have been made to find its potential substitutes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sida hermaphrodita meal as a substitute for alfalfa meal in rabbit diets. The experiment was performed on 90 New Zealand White rabbits divided into three groups. DA group was fed a diet containing 20% dehydrated alfalfa. In the DA/DS group, rabbits received a diet containing 10% dehydrated alfalfa and 10% dehydrated Sida. The diet administered to the DS group contained 20% dehydrated Sida. The results of this study indicate that the dietary supplementation with Sida contributed to an increase in the final body weight of rabbits and improved the feed-conversion ratio. Experimental diets had no influence on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and selected carcass characteristics of rabbits, except for the proportion of the hind part. The content of dry matter, total protein, and monounsaturated fatty acids in the hind leg muscles of rabbits was higher in the DA group than in the experimental groups. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were higher in the tissues of animals fed diets supplemented with Sida.

Grass finishing and the residual effect of pasture prior to concentrate finishingon the shelf stability of late-maturing bull beef

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
S. Siphambili ◽  
F. J. Monahan ◽  
E. G. O'Riordan ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Ad Libitum

Context The finishing of late-maturing bulls on grass is economically more favourable than finishing on cereal concentrates but it may have a negative effect on oxidative stability. Aim To determine the effect of varying levels of pasture feeding during the finishing period on the oxidative stability of bull beef. Methods Groups of eight late-maturing breed sired bulls were assigned to one of the following production systems: (1) pasture only for 200 days (P), (2) pasture only for 100 days followed by pasture plus 50% of the dietary dry matter (DM) intake as concentrate for 100 days (P-C50), (3) pasture plus 50% of the DM intake as concentrate for 200 days (C50), (4) pasture only for 100 days followed by ad libitum concentrates for 100 days (P-C), (5) pasture plus 50% of the DM intake as concentrate for 100 days followed by ad libitum concentrates for 100 days (C50-C) and (6) ad libitum concentrates offered indoors for 200 days (C). The M. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was excised post-slaughter for proximate, fatty acid and α-tocopherol analysis and for measurement of lipid and protein oxidation and colour stability. Results The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration and proportion in muscle were higher (P < 0.001) in C50 bulls compared with P, P-C50 and P-C bulls. The concentration of highly peroxidisable PUFA was at least 1.3-fold higher (P < 0.001) in the muscle of C50 bulls than of C and P-C bulls whereas the proportion was at least 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.001) in muscle of P, P-C50 and C50 bulls compared with C and P-C bulls. There was a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle of bulls fed on concentrate in the last 100 days (P-C, C50-C and C) compared with those fed on grass (fully or partially) in the last 100 days (P, P-C50 and C50). α-Tocopherol concentration was at least 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.001) in muscle of P bulls compared with C, C50-C and P-C bulls. Redness, redness stability, lipid and protein oxidation did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Conclusions The increase in highly peroxidisable PUFA in beef, by increasing pasture in the finishing ration did not increase susceptibility to oxidation, most likely due to a concomitant increase in α-tocopherol. Implications Beef can be produced from late-maturing bulls grazing on pasture for 200 days without impacting negatively on oxidative stability.

scholarly journals The effects of feeding suet-enriched chow on site-specific differences in the composition of triacylglycerol fatty acids in adipose tissue and its interactionsin vitrowith lymphoid cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Mattacks ◽  
Caroline M. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Site Specific

The effects of diet on the composition and properties of adipose tissue in relation to lymph nodes were studied in adult guinea-pigs. The proportions of monoenoic triacylglycerol fatty acids were constant in all sites in adipose tissue of similarly fed guinea-pigs, but were substantially greater in samples from guinea-pigs fed on suet-enriched chow. Triacylglycerols in adipose tissue from near nodes contained significantly fewer saturated fatty acids, and significantly more 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3 than those in samples from sites remote from nodes within the same depot. Depots that interact most strongly with lymphoid cellsin vitrohad the largest and most consistent within-depot differences. The gradients of triacylgiycerol fatty acid composition with distance from lymph nodes in two small intermuscular depots were similar in guinea-pigs fed on plain or suet-enriched chow. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue around lymph nodes is specialized for local interactions with the lymphoid cells therein, and help to explain the variability of serial or duplicate measurements of adipose tissue composition. When cultured alone, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymph node lymphoid cells from suet-fed guinea-pigs incorporated as much labelled thymidine as the controls. Adipose tissue explants from suet-fed guinea-pigs inhibited lymphocyte proliferation much less than those of the controls, although the site-specific differences were similar. The pattern of site-specific differences in glycerol released from explants incubated alone was generally similar for both dietary groups, but except in the popliteal depot, the increases following co-culturing with lymphoid cells were smaller for samples from suet-fed guinea-pigs. These experiments show that minor changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet can substantially alter the interactions between adipose tissue and lymphoid cells.

scholarly journals Composition of human adipose tissue from deep and subcutaneous sites

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. D. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

1. Adipose tissue was obtained simultaneously from subcutaneous and deep sites in children undergoing elective surgery, and from different subcutaneous sites in adults. The lipid content and fatty acid composition were measured using gas-liquid chromatography and the number of cells counted after fixation in osmium tetroxide. The mean amount of lipid per cell was used as a measure of the size of the cells.2. Cells from deep sites in children were significantly smaller (P > 0.001) than those from subcutaneous sites in the same individual. Cells from different subcutaneous sites were of similar size.3. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was similar in tissue taken from the abdominal wall and from deep sites.4. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from the lower leg showed an increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the saturated fatty acids compared with the fatty acid composition of tissue from other subcutaneous sites.

scholarly journals Essential fatty acids in the liver and adipose tissue of genetically obese mice: effect of supplemental linoleic and γ-linolenic acids

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C Cunnane ◽  
M. S. Manku ◽  
D. F. Horrobin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Evening Primrose Oil ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

1. Genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and their lean litter-mates were given diets iso-energetically supplemented with sucrose, hydrogenated coconut oil, safflower oil or evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil.2. Weight gain over 15 weeks was significantly greater in the evening primrose oil-supplemented obese mice than in the other groups.3. In all the groups of obese mice, liver total phospholipids contained proportionally less linoleic acid and more dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid than did the lean controls.4. As a percentage of total fatty acids, n-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) in liver and adipose tissue lipids were significantly lower in the obese mice than in the lean controls.5. Supplementation with EFA-rich oils (safflower and evening primrose oil) increased the proportional composition of n-6 EFA and decreased the n-3 EFA more in the liver total phospholipids of the lean than the obese mice.

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