Effects of neonatal handling on sympathoadrenal activity and body composition in adult male rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1745-R1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Neonatal Handling ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Sympathoadrenal Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

Neonatal handling permanently alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stress. Because the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and adrenal medulla also participate in stress responses, the impact of daily handling between birth and weaning on SNS and adrenal medullary function was examined in adult rats using techniques of [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) turnover and urinary catecholamine excretion. Handled animals exhibited a 23% reduction in [3H]NE turnover in heart and a 53% decrease in spleen. [3H]NE turnover in brown adipose tissue, stomach, and kidney did not differ between handled and nonhandled animals. In contrast, urinary epinephrine (Epi) excretion was significantly greater in handled rats in response to a 3-day fast than in nonhandled animals. Although body weight, weight gain in response to dietary enrichment with sucrose or lard, or body fat content did not differ in handled and nonhandled animals, handled rats displayed heavier abdominal fat depots than nonhandled animals, implying a difference in body fat distribution. Neonatal handling thus leads to decreased sympathetic activity within specific subdivisions of the SNS and, by contrast, to increased adrenal medullary responsiveness.

scholarly journals Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Khin Thandar Htun ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
Duanghathai Pasanta ◽  
Montree Tungjai ◽  
Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. Methods: The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. Results: A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. Conclusions: This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.

Hypothalamic obesity, brown adipose tissue, and sympathoadrenal activity in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. E607-E617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Vander Tuig ◽  
J. Kerner ◽  
D. R. Romsos
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Sympathoadrenal Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum

Obesity-producing, hypothalamic knife cuts and ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions in ad libitum-fed adult rats increased intake of a high-fat diet (123 and 130%) and energy retention (880 and 1,099%) during the 4-wk period postsurgery; even when pair fed to control rats, energy retention of the knife-cut and lesioned rats was still elevated (105 and 155%). Thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), estimated from guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding to BAT mitochondria, was unchanged in hyperphagic knife-cut and VMH-lesioned rats and was reduced approximately 50% when these rats were pair fed to controls. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) was approximately twofold higher in ad libitum-fed, knife-cut, and lesioned rats than in control rats; restriction of energy intake decreased NE excretion to control values. Rates of NE turnover in heart paralleled urinary NE excretion, whereas NE turnover in BAT was generally not increased in the hyperphagic rats. Urinary epinephrine excretion, an index of adrenal medullary activity, was depressed in all knife-cut and VMH-lesioned rats. Hyperphagia coupled with a lack of increased heat production in BAT causes gross obesity in ad libitum-fed, knife-cut, and VMH-lesioned rats, whereas obesity in pair-fed rats develops in part at least as a result of reduced heat production by BAT.

scholarly journals Abdominal adipose tissue: Significance and methods of detection

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Agneza Polzovic ◽  
Sinisa Babovic
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women

Introduction. The presence of excess fat in the abdomen, out of proportion to total body fat, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and other complications of obesity. Histoanatomical characteristics of the abdominal adipose tissue In regard to subcutaneous fat, accumulation of visceral abdominal adipose tissue is more associated with increased metabolic risk. However, mean have more visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. Compared with pre-menopausal women, postmenopausal women have 49% more intraabdominal fat, regardless of age and total fat mass. Measurement of abdominal fat depots Various anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring body fat distribution. All of them have advantages and disadvantages, in relation to their interpretation and use. Many are specified as ratios and are difficult to interpret biologically, whereas a change in body fat distribution may exhibit little or no change in the ratios. Waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter are good predictors of visceral fat. But, extreme individual variations in visceral to subcutaneous ratio demonstrate the limitations of external anthropometry. The best methods to estimate the amount of visceral fat are imaging techniques like computed tomography or magnetic resonance, but they are expensive and inconvinient in routine practice. Conclusion. Further investigations should provide a simple and optimal indicator of abdominal obesity which should correlate with the amount of viscelar fat and the risk. .

Effects of rearing temperature on sympathoadrenal activity in young adult rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. R1198-R1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Young ◽  
Jeffrey Weiss ◽  
Nadine Boufath
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sympathoadrenal Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Related Proteins

Animals reared at 18°C exhibit enhanced innervation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and greater cold tolerance as adults, yet gain more weight when fed an enriched diet compared with rats reared at 30°C. To explore this paradox, sympathoadrenal activity was examined using techniques of [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) turnover and urinary catecholamine excretion in male and female rats reared until 2 mo of age at 18 or 30°C. Gene expression in BAT was also analyzed for several sympathetically related proteins. Although [3H]NE turnover in heart did not differ between groups, [3H]NE turnover in BAT was consistently elevated in the 18°C-reared animals, even 2 mo after removal from the cool environment. Gene expression for uncoupling proteins 1 and 3, GLUT-4, leptin, and the α1A-adrenergic receptor was more abundant in BAT and the increase in epinephrine excretion with fasting suppressed in 18°C-reared animals. These studies demonstrate that obesity consequent to exposure to 18°C in early life occurs despite tonic elevation of sympathetic input to BAT. Diminished adrenal epinephrine responsiveness to fasting may play a contributory role.

scholarly journals Associations of nicotine dependence and fat distribution in Chinese male adults: a cross-sectional study in Lanxi, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e022465
Author(s):  
Chen Wei ◽  
Sunyue Ye ◽  
Jessica Ruolin Sheng ◽  
Xiaoguang Ma ◽  
Yuan Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Male

IntroductionPrevious studies have showed association between smoking and central fat distribution. However, the impact of smoking on whole body fat distribution, particularly peripheral fat distribution remains unclear.MethodsNicotine dependence was assessed in a total of 1264 male adults aged 18–80 years using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Smoking status was categorised as non-smokers, former and current smokers with very low, low/moderate, or high FTND scores. Body fat distribution was determined using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measurements. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the adjusted associations between body fat distribution and smoking in all participants, and its association with FTND scores in the current smokers.ResultsGreater waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), trunk fat percentage (%TF), android fat percentage (%AF) and android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio (AOI); but lower legs fat percentage (%LegF), limb fat percentage (%LimbF) and gynoid fat percentage (%GF) were found in current smokers with high FTND scores compared with non-smokers. In current smokers aged 60 years or older, FTND scores had positive associations with WC, WHR, WHtR, %TF, %AF and AOI, and negative associations with %LegF, %LimbF and %GF.ConclusionsNicotine dependence was positively associated with central fat distribution and negatively associated with peripheral fat distribution in Chinese male adults, particularly in those older or heavy smokers, and these associations were independent from body mass index, which might be due to long exposure to smoking.

Body fat distribution and hemodynamic stress responses in premenopausal obese women: A preliminary study.

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Davis ◽  
Elizabeth W. Twamley ◽  
Nancy A. Hamilton ◽  
Pamela D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Hemodynamic Stress ◽  
Preliminary Study

Body Adiposity and Endocrine Profile of Female Wistar Rats of Distinct Ages that were Early Weaned

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bruna Pietrobon ◽  
Iala Milene Bertasso ◽  
Beatrix S. Silva ◽  
Nayara Peixoto-Silva ◽  
Elaine Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
And Control

AbstractEarly weaning (EW) is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Male rats that were precociously weaned present neonatal malnutrition and, in adulthood, developed overweight, accumulation of body fat, dyslipidemia, changes in glycemic homeostasis, hyperleptinemia, and increase of vitamin D. As metabolic profile of early-weaned females is not known, we investigated the endocrine-metabolic parameters in adolescence and adult female rats of 2 different EW models. Wistar lactating rats and pups from both sexes were separated into 3 groups: non-pharmacological EW (NPEW), dams were involved with a bandage interrupting suckling in the last 3 days of lactation; pharmacological EW (PEW), dams were bromocriptine-treated (0.5 mg/twice a day via intraperitoneal injection) for 3 days before weaning; and control, dams whose pups ate milk throughout lactation. At 21 days-old, NPEW and PEW females had lower body weight. At 180 days-old, NPEW and PEW females showed higher feed efficiency, weight gain, body fat percentage, and greater accumulation of gonadal and retroperitoneal fat depots associated with adipocyte hypertrophy. NPEW females also showed hyperphagia. Only NPEW females presented hyperleptinemia. Plasma thyroid hormones and vitamin D were unchanged among EW females. Regarding sex hormones, at 45 days-old, no change was found in EW females, while at 180 days-old, PEW females had hypoestrogenemia. EW increases the risk for obesity in female rats in adulthood, as already demonstrated for males, although through distinct mechanisms involving some hormones.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Subacute Exposure of Smokeless Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke on Rat Testis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Sydney Aprioku ◽  
Theresa Chioma Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subacute Exposure

This study investigated the effects of 30-day exposure to tobacco smoke (TS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and nicotine on reproductive parameters and oxidative biomarkers in prepubertal and adult male rats. Sperm motility was reduced by 77.5 and 89.0% in TS and ST exposed prepubertal rats and 71.1 and 86.4% in adult rats, respectively. Sperm count was also reduced by 64.7 and 89.9% in prepubertal rats and 64.9 and 47.0% in adult rats, respectively. Nicotine decreased sperm motility (82.2%) and count (62.6%) in prepubertal rats but caused no effect in adult rats. There were no changes in sperm morphology; testosterone was decreased, while LH and FSH were increased in exposed rats, when compared with control. Malondialdehyde levels in testes of exposed rats were increased, and GSH, SOD, and catalase were altered. Results indicate that subacute exposure of tobacco products alters sperm characteristics in a rank order of ST > TS > nicotine, which may be linked to increase in oxidative stress in the testis.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation as a Marker of Body Shape in Premenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Divoux ◽  
Alexey Eroshkin ◽  
Edina Erdos ◽  
Katalin Sandor ◽  
Timothy F. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Increased Risk

Preferential accumulation of fat in the gluteo-femoral (GF) depot (pear shape) rather than in the abdominal (A) depot (apple shape), protects against the development of metabolic diseases but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Recent data, including our work, suggest that differential epigenetic marking is associated with regulation of genes attributed to distinct fat distribution. Here, we aimed to compare the genomic DNA methylation signatures between apple and pear-shaped premenopausal women. To investigate the contribution of upper and lower body fat, we used paired samples of A-FAT and GF-FAT, analyzed on the BeadChip Methylation Array and quantified the differentially methylated sites between the 2 groups of women. We found unique DNA methylation patterns within both fat depots that are significantly different depending on the body fat distribution. Around 60% of the body shape specific DNA methylation sites identified in adipose tissue are maintained ex vivo in cultured preadipocytes. As it has been reported before in other cell types, we found only a hand full of genes showing coordinated differential methylation and expression levels. Finally, we determined that more than 50% of the body shape specific DNA methylation sites could also be detected in whole blood derived DNA. These data reveal a strong DNA methylation program associated with adipose tissue distribution with the possibility that a simple blood test could be used as a predictive diagnostic indicator of young women who are at increased risk for progressing to the apple body shape with a higher risk of developing obesity related complications.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02728635 and https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02226640, identifiers NCT02728635 and NCT02226640.

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