Correlation between histochemistry and muscle activity of jaw muscles in cats

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Gorniak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Twitch

Studies on limb muscles of mammals indicate that the pattern of electromyographic (EMG) activity reflects the histochemical profile of the muscle. This relationship suggests that EMG activity may permit a prediction of certain morphological characteristics of the muscle being studied. In this study numerical descriptors of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles of cats are correlated with the distribution of fiber types, as well as with fiber and fascicle areas, to test the extent to which EMG can be used to predict regional morphology. The results show that the level of EMG activity and its duration have a significant positive correlation with the percentage of slow- and fast-twitch fatigue-resistant fibers and a significant negative correlation with the percentage of fast-twitch fatigable fibers and the ratio of fast-twitch fatigable to fast-twitch fatigue-resistant, plus slow fibers. No correlation was found between activity and fiber cross-sectional area; the descriptors showing significant correlation vary with the hardness of the food. Thus the level of EMG activity and its duration seemingly do provide an indicator of the relative difference in fiber distribution among muscles in a species.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF MOBILITY TREND AND SITUATION OF COVID-19 BY COUNTRY, TERRITORY, AND AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Adrina Esther Liaw ◽  
Jihan Natra Shafira ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Iche Andriyani Liberty
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Each country around the world has taken several approaches in order to stop the spreading of the virus. This study was conducted to correlate the mobility trend and the situation of COVID-19 by country, territory, and area. This research paper adopts an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach for 115 countries from February 17th to August 27th, 2020. Tajikistan (r=0,956) and Italy (r=0,931) has the highest positive correlation for retail and recreations. For grocery,the highest degree of positive correlation is Mongolia (r=0,945) and Tajikistan (r=0,933). Bostwana and Italy showed highest significant positive correlation among countries (r=0,985 and r=0,902, respectively) for transit stations and residential  (r=0,994 and r=0,984). Bostwana also has the highest significant positive correlation for the park (r=0.980). Meanwhile, for the workplace, Mauritius (r=0,863) and Dominica (r=0,785) are countries with the highest degree of positive correlation with a cumulative case of COVID-19. Society's behavior plays an important role by following the government policy in order to slow down the spread of the virus. Retail and recreations, groceries and pharmacy stores, transit stations, parks, and workplaces found to have a significant positive correlation while residential have a significant negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in most countries.  

scholarly journals Comparison of M.Semitendinosus Morphometry and Structure in Gilts and Barrows at Market Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Ivana Božičković ◽  
Duško Vitorović ◽  
Miloš Blagojević ◽  
Ivana Nešić ◽  
Slavoljub Jović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to investigate the differences in morphometric characteristics and histological structure of m. semitendinosus, between gilts and barrows of German Landrace breed at the end of the fattening period. Morphometric characteristics (weight, length, diameter and cross sectional area) of m. semitendinosus were not significantly different, while gender as a factor influenced the histological properties of this muscle. A very high statistical difference (p<0.01) in the total number of muscle fibers in m. semitendinosus was determined, with gilts having a higher total fiber number. The cross sectional area of fast twitch oxidative (FTO) fibers was significantly higher (p<0.05) in barrows. Gender did not affect the distribution of different fiber types: in both gender, the most present fiber types (48-52 %) were fast twitch glycolitic (FTG), FTO fibers represented 27-30 % of the total fiber number, while slow twitch oxidative fibers (STO) were the least represented (≈ 20 %).

Adolescent Humour and Its Relationship with Psychological Adjustment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Singh ◽  
Arif Ali ◽  
Maria Choudhary ◽  
Rini Gogoi ◽  
Nilesh Maruti Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Difficulty Score

Background: Adolescence is a transition phase towards adulthood. There is a correlation between humour and psychosocial adjustment. Aim: To assess the level of humour among adolescents and to see its relationships with their general psychological adjustment. Methods and Materials: The present study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to select the school and total enumeration method was used for the selection of the respondents (school-going adolescent). School going adolescents between the ages of 13-17 years were included. They were assessed with their consent using a Socio-demographic Datasheet, Richmond Humour Assessment Instrument, Beck Depression Inventory, Interaction Anxiousness Scale, Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, Academic Expectation Stress Inventory and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results: Humour has a significant negative correlation with the emotional problems and significant positive correlation with pro-social behaviour and total difficulty score. Moreover, it was found that humour has a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy. In regression analysis, it was found that conduct problems and pro-social behaviour contribute significantly to the prediction of humour among adolescents; though, accounting only for 1.08% variance. Remaining 98.9% was attributed to a variable not included in the study. Conclusion: Humour can lead to an improvement in psychological adjustment among adolescent.

Absence of regional differences in the size and oxidative capacity of diaphragm muscle fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. D. Sacks ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Twitch

The oxidative capacity and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers were compared between the costal and crural regions of the cat diaphragm and across the abdominal-thoracic extent of the muscle. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of individual fibers was quantified using a microphotometric procedure implemented on an image-processing system. In both costal and crural regions, population distributions of SDH activities were unimodal for both type I and II fibers. The continuous distribution of SDH activities for type II fibers indicated that no clear threshold exists for the subclassification of fibers based on differences in oxidative capacity (e.g., the classification of fast-twitch glycolytic and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fiber types). No differences in either SDH activity or cross-sectional area were noted between fiber populations of the costal and crural regions. Differences in SDH activity and cross-sectional area were noted, however, between fiber populations located on the abdominal and thoracic sides of the costal region. Both type I and II fibers on the abdominal side of the costal diaphragm were larger and more oxidative than comparable fibers on the thoracic side.

scholarly journals Functional, cellular, and biochemical adaptations to elastase-induced emphysema in hamster medial scalene

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fournier ◽  
Michael I. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Dynamic Hyperinflation ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Inspiratory Activity

The scalene has been reported to be an accessory inspiratory muscle in the hamster. We hypothesize that with the chronic loads and/or dynamic hyperinflation associated with emphysema (Emp), the scalene will be actively recruited, resulting in functional, cellular, and biochemical adaptations. Emp was induced in adult hamsters. Inspiratory electromyogram (EMG) activity was recorded from the medial scalene and costal diaphragm. Isometric contractile and fatigue properties were evaluated in vitro. Muscle fibers were classified histochemically and immunohistochemically. Individual fiber cross-sectional areas (CSA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were determined quantitatively. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were identified by SDS-PAGE, and their proportions were determined by scanning densitometry. All Emp animals exhibited spontaneous scalene inspiratory EMG activity during quiet breathing, whereas the scalene muscles of controls (Ctl) were silent. There were no differences in contractile and fatigue properties of the scalene between Ctl and Emp. In Emp, the relative amount of MHC2Awas 15% higher whereas that of MHC2X was 14% lower compared with Ctl. Similarly, the proportion of type IIa fibers increased significantly in Emp animals with a concomitant decrease in IIx fibers. CSA of type IIx fibers were significantly smaller in Emp compared with Ctl. SDH activities of all fiber types were significantly increased by 53 to 63% in Emp. We conclude that with Emp the actively recruited scalene exhibits primary-like inspiratory activity in the hamster. Adaptations of the scalene with Emp likely relate both to increased loads and to factors intrinsic to muscle architecture and chest mechanics.

scholarly journals Masticatory muscle Activity in Individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Smaglyuk ◽  
Anastasiia V. Liakhovska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Masseter Muscles

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate features related to EMG-activity of masticatory muscles in subjects with TMD. materials and methods: The study comprised 22 patients with clinical symptoms of TMD. The average age of the subjects was 29.3 ± 4.4 years. Malocclusion was evaluated according to Angle classification, TMD – according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD). Registration of EMG-activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was performed during maximum voluntary clenching, clenching on the right and left sides. Results: Normal activity of the masticatory muscles is characterized by symmetrical and EMG-activity of the masticatory muscles on the left and right sides. EMG-activity of masticatory muscles in subjects with TMD are characterized by: 1) increased values of EMG-activity of temporal and masseter muscles; 2) disproportional and asymmetric muscle work of the masticatory muscles on the right and left sides. Conclusions: Features of masticatory muscles activity in individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion and TMD were found.

Slow to fast alterations in skeletal muscle fibers caused by clenbuterol, a beta 2-receptor agonist

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. E726-E732 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Zeman ◽  
R. Ludemann ◽  
T. G. Easton ◽  
J. D. Etlinger
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Slow Twitch Fibers ◽  
Fast Twitch

Chronic treatment of rats with clenbuterol, a beta 2-receptor agonist (8–12 wk), caused hypertrophy of histochemically identified fast- but not slow-twitch fibers within the soleus, while the mean areas of both fiber types were increased in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). In contrast, treatment with the beta 2-receptor antagonist, butoxamine, reduced fast-twitch fiber size in both muscles. In the solei and to a lesser extent in the EDLs, the ratio of the number of fast- to slow-twitch fibers was increased by clenbuterol, while the opposite was observed with butoxamine. The muscle fiber hypertrophy observed in the EDL was accompanied by parallel increases in maximal tetanic tension and muscle cross-sectional area, while in the solei, progressive increases in rates of force development and relaxation toward values typical of fast-twitch muscles were also observed. Our results suggest a role of beta 2-receptors in regulating muscle fiber type composition as well as growth.

scholarly journals EMG Activity of Transversus Abdominis, Multifidus and Co-Contraction Index in Different Phases Amongst Varied Level Archers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Sheikh Azhar ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Shalini Sharma ◽  
Tarushi Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction. Core muscle activity is a necessary requirement in most sports. However, its role in archers has not been studied. Therefore, this study sought to determine muscle activity of Transversus abdominis (TA) and Multifidus (MF) and co-contraction index (CCI) using surface electromyography (s EMG) during different phases of shots in archers with different levels of training. Material and Methods. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Twenty-eight healthy male archers were recruited and grouped according to their level of training: Group A (Beginners (n = 9)), Group B (Trained (n = 10)), Group C (Elite (n = 9)). The muscle activation (%MVIC) for MF and TA for 10 successive archery shots (distance: 10 meters in 200 seconds) was recorded using s EMG for all the phases of the shots along with CCI. Results. Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference for TA activity within groups (p ≤ 0.001) and phases (p = 0.002), A significant difference for MF activity was found within groups (p ≤ 0.001). A significant difference for CCI was found between groups (p ≤ 0.001) and in the interaction between phase × shot (p = 0.001). Conclusions. The findings of the study showed that elite archers had more activity of the core muscles (TA and MF) and their CCI was found to be much higher with respect to the trained and beginner archers. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate dynamic stabilization exercises into archery training.

Cyberbullying and suicidal ideation: Relationship with mood states and consumption of psychoactive substances

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S400-S401
Author(s):  
D. Silva ◽  
J. Nunes ◽  
T. Ferreira ◽  
A. Pissarra da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation

IntroductionCyberbullying is an emergent problem associated to terrible consequences, especially in young adults.ObjectivesTo analyse the levels of behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying, suicidal ideation, mood states and consumption of psychoactive substances in a sample of college students from the University of Beira Interior (UBI), as well as to analyse the relationship between these variables.MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study that integrates quantitative methodology. Data collection took place via online survey in the population of students at the UBI (n = 475, 329 females, mean age 22.2 ± 4.1 years). The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic, mental health and internet use data and the Portuguese versions of self-reported scales to measure mood states, consumption of psychoactive substances, the levels of behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying and the levels of suicidal ideation.ResultsThe levels of aggression of cyberbullying were significantly higher in male students and in users of social networks. There was a significant positive correlation between behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying, and between them and suicidal ideation and negative affect. The levels of both behaviours of cyberbullying and suicidal ideation were significantly higher in students consuming alcohol with drugs, just drugs and sedatives. There was a significant positive correlation between suicidal ideation and negative affect and a significant negative correlation between suicidal ideation and positive affect.ConclusionsBoth behaviours of cyberbullying were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and negative affect. Thus, stands out the relevance of an earlier identification of these behaviours and an adequate intervention by health professionals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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