Evaluation of perilla ketone-induced unilateral lung injury using external gamma scanning

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Abernathy ◽  
N. A. Pou ◽  
R. E. Parker ◽  
R. J. Roselli
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gamma Scanning

We used a modified external gamma scanning technique to quantitate right and left lung permeability changes to iodinated sheep albumin before and after perilla ketone (PK)-mediated unilateral lung injury in seven anesthetized sheep. Three portable gamma scintillation probes containing 2-in. NaI crystals detected radioactivities of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells and 125I-labeled albumin over the right and left lungs and blood, respectively. Radioactivities were monitored for 1 h before and 3 h after infusion of 25 mg/kg PK into a single lung. Calculation of normalized slope index (NSI) (Roselli and Riddle, J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 2343–2350, 1989) over the 30-min interval before PK and over the 60- to 90-min interval after PK for each lung revealed a four- to five-fold NSI increase in lungs receiving PK (0.00237 +/- 0.00065 to 0.0109 +/- 0.0016 min-1) and no increase in contralateral control lungs (0.00214 +/- 0.00065 to 0.00201 +/- 0.00032 min-1). Observed changes in NSI were consistent with postmortem evaluations of each lung. Lungs receiving PK had significantly higher wet-to-dry lung weight ratios and extravascular lung water volumes than contralateral control lungs. Measured bloodless wet-to-dry lung weight ratios were 5.68 +/- 0.39 and 3.27 +/- 0.27 (P < 0.05) for PK and control lungs, respectively.

Site of pulmonary edema after unilateral microembolization

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Lee ◽  
H. van der Zee ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

The effect of unilateral pulmonary microembolization on regional lung extravascular fluid accumulation was determined in dogs. Embolization was produced by injecting 100-micrometer-diam glass beads (0.25 g/kg) into the right pulmonary artery. After embolization of one lung, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance increased (P less than 0.05) from base-line values of 11.7 +/- 1.3 to 17.9 +/- 1.3 Torr and of 3.4 +/- 0.5 to 5.5 +/- 0.5 Torr/(1/min). Blood flow to embolized lung measured with labeled microspheres decreased from 104.2 +/- 24.9 to 35.2 +/- 9.2 ml/min.g bloodless lung after embolization, whereas flow to the normal lung increased from 43.1 +/- 5.6 to 71.2 +/- 19.2 ml/min.g bloodless lung. Extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung weight ratio (W/D) of 4.97 +/- 0.32 was greater (P less than 0.001) in the embolized lung than the value of 3.34 +/- 0.15 in nonembolized lung. In six dogs pretreated with 500 U/kg of heparin, a similar degree of duration of embolization and similar hemodynamic changes did not result in significant differences in W/D (3.88 +/- 0.18 in right lung vs. 3.02 +/- 0.53 in the left lung), and the right lung ratio was less (P less than 0.05) than the value in the heparinized dogs, suggesting that humoral mechanisms contribute to the genesis of pulmonary edema after regional embolization. Therefore, unilateral embolization leads to a greater increase in extravascular content in the embolized lung than in the nonembolized lung. Because Ppa was in the normal range after embolization, regional pulmonary edema may be due partly to the local release of factors that increase lung vascular permeability.

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PADA PENGAJARAN SISTEM KOLOID

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hamda Situmorang ◽  
Manihar Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Colloid System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Implementation of demonstration method in the teaching of chemistry is assigned as the right strategy to improve students’ achievement as it is proved that the method can bring an abstract concept to reality in the class. The study is conducted to vocational high school students in SMKN1 Pargetteng getteng Sengkut Pakfak Barat at accademic year 2013. The teaching has been carried out three cycles on the teaching of chemistry topic of colloid system. In the study, the class is divided into two class, experiment class and control class. The demontration method is used to teach students in experimental class while the teaching in control class is conducted with lecture method. Both are evaluated by using multiple choise tests before and after the teaching procedures, and the ability of students to answer the problems are assigned as students’ achievements. The results showed that demonstration method improved students’ achievement in chemistry. The students in experimental class who are taughed with demonstration method (M=19.08±0.74) have higher achievements compare with control class (M=12.91±2.52), and both are significantly different (tcalculation 22.85 > ttable 1.66). The effectivity of demostration method in experimental class (97%) is found higer compare to conventional method in control class (91%).

Infused salbutamol accentuates acid-induced lung injury in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Braude ◽  
David Royston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Infusion

1. The effect in the rat of salbutamol infusion (1 μg min−1 kg−1) on acid-induced lung injury has been determined. Severity of lung injury was assessed by two techniques: the pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) and the lung wet/dry weight ratio, giving indices of alveolar epithelial permeability and transendothelial water filtration respectively. 2. Mean half-time of clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was increased significantly in rats who had intratracheal acid-induced injury and control (saline) intravenous infusion (19.4 ± 2.6 min) compared with non-acid-treated rats (98.1 ± 7.2) (P < 0.0001). However, those animals who had intratracheal acid injury and subsequent salbutamol intravenous infusion had significantly faster clearance (11.5 ± 1.9) than the acid and control infusion group (P < 0.05). 3. Gravimetric lung water in the acid-only rats (expressed as wet/dry weight ratio) was increased significantly (6.4 ± 0.3) compared with the non-acid-treated controls (5.4 ± 0.2) (P < 0.01). Acid-treated rats who had salbutamol infused had dramatically increased lung water (10.0 ± 0.6) (P < 0.001 vs acid and control infusion). 4. Intravenous salbutamol infusion itself produced no significant difference in the results for both techniques, compared with the non-acid-treated time-course controls. 5. Infused salbutamol accentuates acid-induced lung injury in the rat. Possible factors responsible for these findings include β2-adrenergic agonist mediated inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and a predominant β1-adrenergic agonist inotropic effect of salbutamol with resultant rise in pulmonary artery pressure.

scholarly journals Effects of Antibiotic Therapy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Lung Injury in a Rat Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2389-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Ernst ◽  
Satoru Hashimoto ◽  
Joseph Guglielmo ◽  
Teiji Sawa ◽  
Jean-Francois Pittet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT The effect of antibiotics on the acute lung injury induced by virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 was quantitatively analyzed in a rat model. Lung injury was induced by the instillation of PA103 directly into the right lower lobes of the lungs of anesthetized rats. The alveolar epithelial injury, extravascular lung water, and total plasma equivalents were measured as separate, independent parameters of acute lung injury. Four hours after the instillation of PA103, all the parameters were increased linearly depending on the dose of P. aeruginosa. Next, we examined the effects of intravenously administered antibiotics on the parameters of acute lung injury in d-galactosamine-sensitized rats. One hour after the rats received 107 CFU of PA103, an intravenous bolus injection of aztreonam (60 mg/kg) or imipenem-cilastatin (30 mg/kg) was administered. Despite an MIC indicating resistance, imipenem-cilastatin improved all the measurements of lung injury; in contrast, aztreonam, which had an MIC indicating sensitivity, did not improve any of the lung injury parameters. The antibiotics did not generate different quantities of plasma endotoxin; therefore, endotoxin did not appear to explain the differences in lung injury. This in vivo model is useful to quantitatively compare the efficacies of parenteral antibiotic administration on Pseudomonas airspace infections.

Effect of pulmonary artery occlusion and reperfusion on extravascular fluid accumulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Barie ◽  
T. S. Hakim ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
The Right

We determined the effect of pulmonary hypoperfusion on extravascular water accumulation in anesthetized dogs by occluding the left pulmonary artery for 3 h and then reperfusing it for 24 h. The lung was reperfused either at normal left atrial pressure (Pla) or during increased Pla induced by a left atrial balloon. In each case the extravascular water content-to-bloodless dry weight ratio (W/D) of the left lung was compared with that of the right lung. The W/D of the left lung of 3.26 +/- 0.49 ml/g was not significantly different from the value of 2.87 +/- 0.37 for the right lung after the reperfusion at normal Pla. However, the W/D of the left lung of 5.10 +/- 0.38 ml/g was greater (P less than 0.05) than the value of 4.42 +/- 0.34 for the right lung after reperfusion at Pla of 25 Torr. This difference could not be prevented by pretreatment with heparin, suggesting that the increase in lung water content was not due to activation of intravascular coagulation secondary to stasis occurring during the occlusion. Because the left lung was more edematous than the right one, even though both lungs had been subjected to the same increase in Pla, the results suggest that a period of pulmonary hypoperfusion causes an increase in the interstitial protein concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ventilator on lung profile of piglets (Sus scrofa) in hypovolemic shock treated with hypervolemic crystalloid resuscitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Gunanti Soedjono ◽  
Eva Harlina ◽  
Antonius H. Pudjiadi ◽  
Melpa Susanti Purba ◽  
Setyo Jatimahardhiko Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Pulse Contour ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Shock Condition ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Permeability ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shallow Breathing

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effect of ventilators on the lung profile of piglets in the hypovolemic shock before and after the excessive resuscitation of the crystalloid fluid. Materials and Methods: Five male piglets were used in this study as the models of shock, and there are four phases of treatment: Stabilization, shock of bleeding, normovolemic resuscitation, and hypervolemic resuscitation. The application of mechanical ventilation to patients who suspected of having lung injury may worsen the patient's conditions. The purpose of this study was to set the ventilator with the set of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O, the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.5, and the inspiration: expiration (I: E) ratio of 1:2, which was applied from the stabilization phase. The shock induction was performed by removing the blood until the mean arterial pressure decreasing by 20% from the stabilization. The solution of NaCl 0.9% was used for the normovolemic and hypervolemic resuscitation. The parameter of observation consisted of extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) on pulse contour cardiac output 2 and exhaled tidal volume (VTE), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and respiratory rate (RR) on ventilators. Results: EVLWI does not indicate pulmonary edema. A significant decrease in VTE without any significant alterations in EVLWI, PIP, and RR has indicated the shallow breathing in the shock condition. Therefore, the PVPI parameter cannot be used as a parameter for capillary permeability since its formulation does not reinforce the results of data in the shock condition. The set of the ventilator may prevent the increase of EVLWI, and the uses of ventilators do not worsen the patient's conditions during the crystalloid resuscitation. Conclusion: The use of mechanical ventilator as the support does not worsen the hypovolemic condition and is safe to use as long as the lung profile is not indicated to have lung injury.

scholarly journals Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8366
Author(s):  
Zhisong Zhang ◽  
Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo ◽  
Syeda Fabeha Husain ◽  
Jessica Bose ◽  
Jongkwan Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Frontopolar Cortex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relaxation Practice ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images, brief relaxation practice, and control task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: This randomized controlled study examined the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in three groups of research participants who were exposed to viewing greenery images (n = 10), brief relaxation practice (n = 10), and control task (n = 11). The activation pattern of the PFC was measured pre- and post-intervention using a portable fNIRS device and reported as mean total oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO μm). Primary outcome of the study is the difference in HbO μm between post- and pre-intervention readings during a cognitive task that required the research participants to perform arithmetic calculation. Results: In terms of intervention-related differences, there was significant difference in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after brief relaxation practice (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in average HbO μm in the right frontopolar cortex (p = 0.029), the left frontopolar cortex (p = 0.01), and the left orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.033) during arithmetic tasks after brief relaxation practice. In contrast, there were no significant differences in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images (p > 0.05) and the control task (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings show that brief relaxation practice but not viewing greenery images led to significant frontal lobe activation during arithmetic tasks. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that there was an increase in activation in neuroanatomical areas including the combined effort of allocation of attentional resources, exploration, and memory performance after the brief relaxation practice. Our findings suggest the possibility that the right frontopolar cortex, the left frontopolar cortex, and the left orbitofrontal cortex may be specifically associated with the benefits of brief relaxation on the brain.

A positron emission tomographic comparison of diffuse and lobar oleic acid lung injury

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2357-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Schuster ◽  
J. W. Haller ◽  
M. Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Transcapillary Escape Rate ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

We tested whether severity of injury measured from the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate for transferrin (PTCER), lung water accumulation, and changes in regional pulmonary blood flow (PBF) would be similar after oleic acid (OA) injection into either all lung lobes or directly into the pulmonary artery feeding the left caudal lobe (LCL) only. Measurements were made with positron emission tomography. After 0.015 ml/kg OA was injected into the LCL (Lobar, n = 5), lung water increased in the left dorsal region from 37 +/- 5 to 50 +/- 8 ml/100 ml lung (P less than 0.05), PTCER was 533 +/- 59 10(-4)/min, and regional PBF decreased 62%. No significant change occurred in the uninjured right dorsal lung where PTCER was 85 +/- 32. In the left ventral region PTCER was 357 +/- 60, PBF decreased only 31%, and the increase in lung water was less (25 +/- 3 to 30 +/- 6). In contrast after 0.08 ml/kg OA was injected via the right atrium (Diffuse, n = 6), PTCER (283 +/- 94) was lower in the left dorsal region of this group than in the corresponding region of the Lobar group (P less than 0.05). The increase in lung water, however, was the same, but no change occurred in PBF distribution. These results indicate important differences between the two methods of causing lung injury with OA. After injury lung water accumulates primarily in dependent portions of lung and is not always accompanied by a decrease in regional PBF. These decreases, when they occur, may instead indicate severe vascular injury.

scholarly journals Steep head-down tilt has persisting effects on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cortney Henderson ◽  
David L. Levin ◽  
Susan R. Hopkins ◽  
I. Mark Olfert ◽  
Richard B. Buxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Capillary Pressures ◽  
The Right

Head-down tilt has been shown to increase lung water content in animals and alter the distribution of ventilation in humans; however, its effects on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in humans are unknown. We hypothesized that head-down tilt would increase the heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow in humans, an effect analogous to the changes seen in the distribution of ventilation, by increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and fluid efflux in the lung. To test this, we evaluated changes in the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in seven normal subjects before and after 1 h of 30° head-down tilt using the magnetic resonance imaging technique of arterial spin labeling. Data were acquired in triplicate before tilt and at 10-min intervals for 1 h after tilt. Pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity was quantified by the relative dispersion (standard deviation/mean) of signal intensity for all voxels within the right lung. Relative dispersion was significantly increased by 29% after tilt and remained elevated during the 1 h of measurements after tilt (0.84 ± 0.06 pretilt, 1.09 ± 0.09 calculated for all time points posttilt, P < 0.05). We speculate that the mechanism most likely responsible for our findings is that increased pulmonary capillary pressures and fluid efflux in the lung resulting from head-down tilt alters regional blood flow distribution.

Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on ethchlorvynol-induced acute lung injury in dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Sprague ◽  
A. H. Stephenson ◽  
T. E. Dahms ◽  
A. J. Lonigro
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Activity ◽  
The Right

In anesthetized dogs ethchlorvynol (ECV, 9 mg/kg) was selectively administered into the right pulmonary circulation to produce unilateral acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema and systemic hypoxemia. To investigate the hypothesis that products of cyclooxygenase activity are mediators of the arterial hypoxemia, but not the edema formation in this injury, animals were pretreated with one of two chemically dissimilar cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin (5 mg/kg), or ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg), or vehicle (0.1 M sodium carbonate) prior to the administration of ECV. Pretreatment with either inhibitor prevented the ECV-induced systemic hypoxemia observed in animals pretreated with vehicle (P less than 0.01). Despite this protection of systemic oxygenation, there was no redistribution of blood flow to the uninjured lung following unilateral ECV administration. Cyclooxygenase inhibition prior to ALI did not attenuate the accumulation of lung water. In the ibuprofen group, left atrial pressure increased significantly following ECV administration. We conclude that a product(s) of cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism is responsible for the altered vascular reactivity and consequent systemic hypoxemia in this model, but that the edema formation following ECV is not related to cyclooxygenase activity. In addition, ibuprofen, administered prior to the induction of ALI, exhibits properties not shared by indomethacin but is not different in its capacity to attenuate hypoxemia or in its failure to limit edema formation.

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