High physiological levels of epinephrine do not enhance muscle glycogenolysis during tetanic stimulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chesley ◽  
D. J. Dyck ◽  
L. L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Rest Perfusion ◽  
Train Duration ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
And Control ◽  
White Gastrocnemius

This study examined whether high physiological concentrations of epinephrine (EPI) would enhance muscle glycogenolysis during intense muscular contractions. Muscles of the rat hindlimb were perfused for 12 min at rest and 45 s of tetanic stimulation (1.0-Hz train rate, 100-ms train duration at 80 Hz) without EPI (control) or with 15 or 35 nM EPI. In the EPI groups the muscles were perfused with EPI for the last 2 min of rest perfusion and throughout stimulation. Glycogenolysis in the white gastrocnemius, red gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus muscles during stimulation was unaffected by the presence of EPI in the perfusion medium. In addition, muscle lactate and hindlimb lactate efflux were similar in EPI and control groups. It is concluded that EPI is not important for enhancing glycogenolysis in rat muscles composed predominantly of fast-twitch fibers during intense short-term tetanic stimulation.

scholarly journals Reading comprehension on the last grades of cicles I and II of elementary school

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Eliane Mi Chang ◽  
Clara Regina Brandão de Avila
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Spearman Coefficient ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To characterize students' performance in Cycle I and II of the Elementary School (EF), in decoding, reading comprehension and underlying skills of reading, and investigate correlations between these variables, in the absence and presence of reading comprehension deficits, identified by their teachers.METHODS: 125 students from ES were grouped according to Cycle and presence or absence of reading comprehension impairments. Two Control (good readers from both Cycles) and two Research groups (poor readers from both Cycles) were established. Assessment involved: fluency and reading comprehension; oral comprehension; working and short-term phonological memory; grammar closure. It was compared (Mann-Whitney test): in intragroup study, both Control and Research groups; in intergroup study, Control and Research from different cycles, and Control I and Research II. Spearman coefficient investigated correlations.RESULTS: Analyzing reading comprehension, we observed better performance of Control Groups in all tasks in comparison to the respective Research Groups, and better performance of Control II in comparison to Control I. Research Groups had similar results in most tests. Positive correlations have been observed between most of the variables.CONCLUSION: Students without reading comprehension impairments showed better performance in reading in both Cycles. Working memory and oral comprehension did not differentiate students with and without complaints in Cycle I, differently from what was observed in Cycle II. Research II presented similar or better performance than Research I and similar or worse performance than Control I. Underlying skills showed different profiles of correlation with reading comprehension capacity, according to the group.

Subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol stimulates appetite in cats with stress-induced anorexia

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. e58-e58
Author(s):  
Victry Fredley ◽  
Rachael Kreisler ◽  
Kirk Miller
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Median Amount ◽  
Food Consumed

BackgroundStress-induced anorexia is common in cats. While medications are available to stimulate appetite, many require oral administration, have delayed onset-of-action or cause adverse side effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats diagnosed with stress-induced anorexia given a subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol would have increased short-term appetite as compared to those given placebo.MethodsAnorexic shelter cats received either 1 mg/kg propofol or 1 mL saline placebo and then presented with various commercial cat foods. Grams of food consumed was measured at 15 and 30 min, and total grams compared between treatment and control groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. 12 cats were enrolled, with six cats randomly assigned to each group.ResultsThe median amount consumed by the treatment group was 31 g (range: 0–72), with the median for the four cats (67 per cent) who consumed food being 45 g (range: 26–72), or 49 per cent of their daily maintenance calorie requirement. The median amount consumed by control cats was 0 g (range: 0–5), with one cat consuming food. Total grams consumed was different between treatment and control groups (P=0.05).ConclusionA subhypnotic dose of intravenous propofol increased appetite in cats with stress-induced anorexia for a 30 min period.

scholarly journals Hypothalamus-Related Resting Brain Network Underlying Short-Term Acupuncture Treatment in Primary Hypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
Jianping Dai ◽  
Xiaozhe Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Shuhua Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
And Control

The present study attempted to explore modulated hypothalamus-seeded resting brain network underlying the cardiovascular system in primary hypertensive patients after short-term acupuncture treatment. Thirty right-handed patients (14 male) were divided randomly into acupuncture and control groups. The acupuncture group received a continuous five-day acupuncture treatment and undertook three resting-state fMRI scans and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as well as SF-36 questionnaires before, after, and one month after acupuncture treatment. The control group undertook fMRI scans and 24-hour ABPM. For verum acupuncture, average blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) decreased after treatment but showed no statistical differences. There were no significant differences in BP and HR between the acupuncture and control groups. Notably, SF-36 indicated that bodily pain (P= 0.005) decreased and vitality (P= 0.036) increased after acupuncture compared to the baseline. The hypothalamus-related brain network showed increased functional connectivity with the medulla, brainstem, cerebellum, limbic system, thalamus, and frontal lobes. In conclusion, short-term acupuncture did not decrease BP significantly but appeared to improve body pain and vitality. Acupuncture may regulate the cardiovascular system through a complicated brain network from the cortical level, the hypothalamus, and the brainstem.

Elevated muscle citrate does not reduce carbohydrate utilization during tetanic stimulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Dyck ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Rest Perfusion ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
White Gastrocnemius ◽  
Intense Stimulation

The purposes of this study were to determine whether enhanced free fatty acid delivery would result in increased muscle citrate levels and to establish whether the effects of this putative phosphofructokinase inhibitor would be manifested during intense stimulation demanding glycogen as a fuel. Hind-limb muscles were perfused with either no or high (0.93 ± 0.03 mM) free fatty acids for 10 min at rest, and during 5 min of tetanic stimulation. Muscles sampled at the end of the rest perfusion or stimulation were soleus (slow oxidative), red gastrocnemius (fast oxidative glycolytic), and white gastrocnemius (fast glycolytic). Muscle citrate content was unaffected during rest perfusion with no free fatty acids, whereas high free fatty acids significantly elevated citrate above control in soleus, red gastrocnemius, and white gastrocnemius (by 0.39 ± 0.13, 0.53 ± 0.10, and 0.29 ± 0.07 μmol∙g−1 dry muscle, respectively). Following 1 min of stimulation, citrate content in soleus and red gastrocnemius was not different from control in the absence of free fatty acids but accumulated significantly with high free fatty acids (0.26 ± 0.05 and 0.28 ± 0.04 μmol∙g−1 dry muscle, respectively). Following 5 min of stimulation, soleus and red gastrocnemius citrate content decreased with no free fatty acids but increased significantly with high free fatty acids (0.42 ± 0.10 μmol∙g−1 dry muscle) in soleus and remained unchanged in red gastrocnemius. The presence of high free fatty acids had no effect on glycogen utilization or lactate accumulation in stimulated soleus and red gastrocnemius, or stimulated white gastrocnemius citrate, glycogen, or lactate contents. In addition, no effect of elevated free fatty acids on resting or stimulated muscle glucose-6-phosphate content, glucose uptake, or lactate efflux was observed. In conclusion, the elevation of muscle citrate due to the presence of free fatty acids in the perfusate did not reduce muscle glycogenolysis when the demand for energy was great.Key words: citrate glycolysis, phosphofructokinase, glycogen.

scholarly journals Cue-Based Feeding and Short-Term Health Outcomes of Premature Infants in Newborn Intensive Care Units(NICU) : A None-Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
samane Sefatbaqa ◽  
Yadollah Zahedpasha ◽  
Marzieh Hasanpour ◽  
Karimollah Hajian Tilaki ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zarkesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Newborn Intensive Care ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Feedings based on behavioral cues is a method relying on infants’ behavioral expressions of readiness to feed. The objective of this interventional study was to determine the effect of cue-based feeding on the short-term health outcomes of preterm infants.Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a historical or phase lag design. It involved 60 preterm infants admitted to an Iranian referral hospital’s Level III-Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from June 2018 until January 2019. The experimental group (n=30) received a three-step intervention of offering behavioral-cue-based oral (BCBO) feedings: Step 1 – One BCBO feeding every twelve hours for three days; Step 2 - Two BCBO feedings every 12 hours for three days; and Step 3 – All feedings as BCBO feedings for three days. The control group received standard care feedings. Group difference data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The infants’ mean weight at time of discharge for the intervention and control groups were 1492.79 ± 21.65 gr and 1395.71 ± 17.61 gr (P = .003) respectively. The mean durations of achieving full oral feedings in the intervention and control groups were 17 ± 6 and 20 ± 11 days, respectively (P = .19). The mean frequencies of hypoxia were 1 ± 1.54 and 5 ± 9.31 respectively (P = .03) and of gavage feedings 725 ± 584 and 1846 ± 2097 respectively (P = .009). No apnea events were reported for the intervention group; the frequency of apnea in the control group was 1 ± 2.11 (P = .16).Conclusion: The findings indicate that cue-based feeding is beneficial for preterm infants. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses employ cue-based feeding in the NICU.Trial Registration: IRCT20170828035962N2. Registered, 27 /05/ 2018- Prospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/27024.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy study: Short-term application of radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic body radiotherapy for Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer stage 0–B1 hepatocellular carcinoma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245076
Author(s):  
Feiqian Wang ◽  
Kazushi Numata ◽  
Atsuya Takeda ◽  
Katsuaki Ogushi ◽  
Hiroyuki Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
And Control

Aim To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the administration of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the short term to the same patients in Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages 0–B1. Methods From April 2014 to June 2019, we retrospectively reviewed BCLC stage 0–B1 patients with fresh hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions that were repeatedly treated by RFA (control group, n = 72), and by RFA and subsequent SBRT (case group, n = 26). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the selection bias between two groups. Recurrence, survival, Child–Pugh scores and short-term side effects (fever, bleeding, skin change, abdominal pain and fatigue) were recorded and analyzed. Results After PSM, 21 patients remained in each group. Seventeen and 20 patients in the case and control groups experienced recurrence. For these patients, the median times to progression and follow-up were 10.7 and 35.8 months, respectively. After PSM, the 1-year progression-free survival rate in case and control groups were 66.7% and 52.4%, respectively (P = 0.313). The inter-group overall survival (OS) was comparable (3 and 5-year OS rates in case groups were 87.3% and 74.8%, while rates in control groups were 73.7% and 46.3%, respectively; P = 0.090). The short-term side effects were mild, and the incidence showed no inter-group difference. The 1-year rates of the Child–Pugh score deterioration of ≥2 in case and control groups were 23.8% and 33.3% (P > 0.05), respectively. Conclusion The short-term administration of RFA and SBRT to the same BCLC stage 0–B1 patients may be feasible and effective because of their good prognosis and safety.

Response of teat enzymes of sheep and cattle to stimulation by stilboestrol and oestrogenic subterranean clover

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
R Smithard ◽  
ER Cole ◽  
JP Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
And Control

The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) were investigated as indicators of oestrogenic response in sheep and cattle. The activities of the enzymes were higher in teat tissue from wethers and steers injected with stilboestrol dipropionate than in control groups not receiving oestrogen. There was a positive linear relationship between teat enzyme activity and log(dose + 1) in wethers injected with stilboestrol dipropionate over the dose range 0–40 µg/day. G-6-PDH and MDH were used to detect oestrogenic responses in sheep and cattle to feed containing a high proportion of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneurn L.) cv. Dwalganup. The differences in mean enzyme activities between treatment and control groups were highly significant. The results indicate that in the short term, teat enzymes of cattle respond to oestrogenic feeds in a manner similar to those of sheep.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Solifenacin for Managing of Bladder Spasms in Patients With Urethroplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1580-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Feng Peng ◽  
Xiang Guo Lv ◽  
Hong Xie ◽  
Ying Long Sa ◽  
Yue Min Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Suprapubic Cystostomy ◽  
Urine Extravasation ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of bladder spasms after urethroplasty. Patients underwent urethroplasty were randomly assigned to the study group ( n = 165) and the control group ( n = 150). Patients in the study group were treated with solifenacin for 7 days. Patients in the control group were placebo. Each group was further divided into four subgroups: paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy subgroup, traditional suprapubic cystostomy subgroup, former suprapubic cystostomy subgroup, and urethral catheter subgroup. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the severity of bladder spasms. The mean duration of spasms, the frequency of spasms, and the incidences of urine extravasation and radiating pain were recorded each day. There were no significant differences in the VAS scores and mean duration of bladder spasms between the study and control groups . However, there was a significantly lower VAS score in the patients taking solifenacin in the paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy subgroup ( p < .05). A similar tendency was noted in the mean duration of bladder spasms in this subgroup. In a comparison of the daily and nightly frequency of spasms within the four subgroups, a significant improvement was noted in the control group within 5 days. A similar difference was not noted within 6 days in the study group. The short-term therapy with solifenacin is an effective and safe method for decreasing the frequency of bladder spasms after urethroplasty. Patients undergoing paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy might be the only subset to benefit from this treatment.

scholarly journals Sentence Recall in Latent and Anomic Aphasia: An Exploratory Study of Semantics and Syntax

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Christos Salis ◽  
Nadine Martin ◽  
Laura Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sentence Recall ◽  
Semantic Plausibility ◽  
Verbatim Recall ◽  
And Control

We investigated whether semantic plausibility and syntactic complexity affect immediate sentence recall in people with latent and anomic aphasia. To date, these factors have not been explored in these types of aphasia. As with previous studies of sentence recall, we measured accuracy of verbatim recall and uniquely real-time speech measures. The results showed that accuracy did not distinguish performance between latent aphasia and neurotypical controls. However, some of the real-time speech measures distinguished performance between people with latent aphasia and neurotypical controls. There was some evidence, though not pervasive, that semantic plausibility and syntactic complexity influenced recall performance. There were no interactions between semantic plausibility and syntactic complexity. The speed of preparation of responses was slower in latent aphasia than controls; it was also slower in anomic aphasia than both latent and control groups. It appears that processing speed as indexed by temporal speech measures may be differentially compromised in latent and anomic aphasia. However, semantic plausibility and syntactic complexity did not show clear patterns of performance among the groups. Notwithstanding the absence of interactions, we advance an explanation based on conceptual short-term memory as to why semantically implausible sentences are typically more erroneous and possibly also slower in recall.

scholarly journals Orthographic depth and developmental dyslexia: a meta-analytic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiré Carioti ◽  
Marta Franca Masia ◽  
Simona Travellini ◽  
Manuela Berlingeri
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Orthographic Depth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractCross-cultural studies have suggested that reading deficits in developmental dyslexia (DD) can be moderated by orthographic depth. To further explore this issue and assess the moderating role of orthographic depth in the developmental cognitive trajectories of dyslexic and typical readers, we systematically reviewed 113 studies on DD that were published from 2013 to 2018 and selected 79 in which participants received an official DD diagnosis. Each study was classified according to orthographic depth (deep vs. shallow) and participant age (children vs. adults). We assessed the difference between DD and control groups’ performance in reading tasks and in a wide range of cognitive domains associated with reading (phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), short-term working memory (WM), and nonverbal reasoning), including age and orthographies as moderators. We found an age-by-orthography interaction effect in word reading accuracy and a significant effect of age in pseudoword reading accuracy, but we found no effect of age and orthographic depth on the fluency parameters. These results suggest that reading speed is a reliable index for discriminating between DD and control groups across European orthographies from childhood to adulthood. A similar pattern of results emerged for PA, RAN, and short-term/WM. Our findings are discussed in relation to their impact on clinical practice while considering the orthographic depth and developmental level.

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