Basal fat oxidation decreases with aging in women

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Calles-Escandon ◽  
P. J. Arciero ◽  
A. W. Gardner ◽  
C. Bauman ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Single Predictor

The present study tested the hypothesis that a decrease in basal fat oxidation in aging women is related to a loss of fat-free mass. Thirty-two nonsmoking women with a wide range of age (18–73 yr) were characterized for body composition (underwater weight), maximal aerobic capacity, and basal fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry). Results showed that fat oxidation was negatively correlated with age (r2 = 0.17, P = 0.017) but was positively correlated with the fat-free mass (r2 = 0.48, P < 0.0001) and with the level of aerobic fitness (maximal aerobic capacity) (r2 = 0.22, P = 0.007). Unexpectedly, fat oxidation had no relationship with fat mass (r2 = 0.07, P = 0.136). Partial correlation analysis showed that the decline in fat-free mass, and not the age or maximal O2 consumption, was the best single predictor of the decline in basal fat oxidation. These results support the theory that a decrease in fat oxidation with advancing age in healthy women is associated with a decrease in the fat-free mass and not age per se. Interventions that increase or preserve the quantity of fat-free mass (e.g., exercise training) may enhance fat oxidation and thus lessen the age-associated adiposity in women.

Human ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia is unrelated to maximal aerobic capacity

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Sheel ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Glen E. Foster ◽  
Benjamin C. Sporer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship

Ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia (HVR) has been reported to be different between highly trained endurance athletes and healthy sedentary controls. However, a linkage between aerobic capacity and HVR has not been a universal finding. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HVR and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max) in healthy men with a wide range of aerobic capacities. Subjects performed a HVR test followed by an incremental cycle test to exhaustion. Participants were classified according to their maximal aerobic capacity. Those with a V̇o2 max of ≥60 ml·kg−1·min−1 were considered highly trained ( n = 13); those with a V̇o2 max of 50–60 ml·kg−1·min−1 were considered moderately-trained ( n = 18); and those with a V̇o2 max of <50 ml·kg−1·min−1 were considered untrained ( n = 24). No statistical differences were detected between the three groups for HVR ( P > 0.05), and the HVR values were variable within each group (range: untrained = 0.28–1.61, moderately trained = 0.23–2.39, and highly trained = 0.08–1.73 l·min·%arterial O2 saturation−1). The relationship between HVR and V̇o2 max was not statistically significant ( r = −0.1723; P > 0.05). HVR was also unrelated to maximal minute ventilation and ventilatory equivalents for O2 and CO2. We found that a spectrum of hypoxic ventilatory control is present in well-trained endurance athletes and moderately and untrained men. We interpret these observations to mean that other factors are more important in determining hypoxic ventilatory control than physical conditioning per se.

Changes in maximal aerobic capacity, body composition, and running capacity with prolonged training and detraining in Standardbred horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Klein ◽  
T.G. Anthony ◽  
K.H. McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Prolonged Training ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
Training And Detraining

This study tested the hypothesis that 12 weeks of training would significantly alter maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), running capacity, and body composition in mature Standardbred horses, and that these alterations would be maintained over an additional 60 weeks of training. It was also hypothesised that there would be a reversal of the training-induced adaptations with 20 weeks of detraining. Eight rested Standardbred horses (n=4 mares, n=4 geldings, 3-8 years) were trained for 72 weeks and then undertook 20 weeks of detraining in groups of four per two-acre paddocks. Body composition, VO2max, run time to fatigue, and distance completed were assessed before training, at 12 and 72 weeks of training, and after 20 weeks of detraining (92 weeks). VO2max (P<0.05), run time to fatigue (P<0.05), and distance completed (P<0.05) increased in both sexes after 12 weeks of training. Geldings, however, had a greater run time to fatigue (P<0.05) and total work completed (P<0.05) during incremental exercise. Aerobic and running capacities were subsequently maintained over the 72-week training period, as well as the 20- week detraining period, with no significant sex differences. Body compositions were altered in both sexes (P<0.05) between 12 and 72 weeks of training and were subsequently maintained with 20 weeks of detraining. Geldings were leaner at 12 weeks and at 92 weeks compared to the mares (P<0.05). Fat-free mass remained unchanged after 72 weeks of training but decreased (P<0.05) after 20 weeks of detraining. These results document that aerobic and running capacities can be improved with training and then maintained after a prolonged training and detraining period. Further, given a long enough training period, moderate fat gain may not hinder running performance.

scholarly journals Predictors of age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity: a comparison of four statistical models

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 2163-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rosen ◽  
John D. Sorkin ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg ◽  
James M. Hagberg ◽  
Leslie I. Katzel
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indicator Variable ◽  
Log Linear

Studies assessing changes in maximal aerobic capacity (V˙o 2 max) associated with aging have traditionally employed the ratio ofV˙o 2 max to body weight. Log-linear, ordinary least-squares, and weighted least-squares models may avoid some of the inherent weaknesses associated with the use of ratios. In this study we used four different methods to examine the age-associated decline inV˙o 2 max in a cross-sectional sample of 276 healthy men, aged 45–80 yr. Sixty-one of the men were aerobically trained athletes, and the remainder were sedentary. The model that accounted for the largest proportion of variance was a weighted least-squares model that included age, fat-free mass, and an indicator variable denoting exercise training status. The model accounted for 66% of the variance inV˙o 2 max and satisfied all the important general linear model assumptions. The other approaches failed to satisfy one or more of these assumptions. The results indicated thatV˙o 2 max declines at the same rate in athletic and sedentary men (0.24 l/min or 9%/decade) and that 35% of this decline (0.08 l ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) is due to the age-associated loss of fat-free mass.

scholarly journals Does Arch Stiffness Influence Running Spatiotemporal Parameters? An Analysis of the Relationship between Influencing Factors on Running Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Diego Jaén-Carrillo ◽  
Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román ◽  
Carles Escalona-Marfil ◽  
Víctor M. Soto-Hermoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the influence of arch stiffness on running spatiotemporal parameters at a common speed for a wide range of endurance runners (i.e., 12 km·h−1). In total, 97 runners, 52 men and 45 women, completed a treadmill running protocol at 12 km·h−1. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured using the OptoGait system, and foot structure was assessed by determining arch stiffness. Since between-sex differences were found in anthropometric and foot structure variables, data analysis was conducted separately for men and women, and body mass and height were considered as covariates. For both sexes, a k-means cluster analysis grouped participants according to arch stiffness, by obtaining a group of low-arch stiffness (LAS group) and a group of high-arch stiffness (HAS group), with significant differences in arch stiffness (p < 0.001, for both men and women). No significant differences between LAS and HAS groups were found in running spatiotemporal parameters, regardless of sex (p ≥ 0.05). For both sexes, the partial correlation analysis reported no significant correlations (p ≥ 0.05) between foot structure variables and running spatiotemporal parameters. The results obtained show no differences in spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running at submaximal velocity between runners with low-arch stiffness and those with high-arch stiffness, regardless of sex. These findings may have important implications for clinicians and coaches by adding more evidence to the debate about the use of static foot classification measures when characterizing the foot and its biomechanics during running.

Role of central circulatory factors in the fat-free mass-maximal aerobic capacity relation across age

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. H1178-H1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Hunt ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
Christopher A. DeSouza ◽  
Rachael E. Van Pelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity

Fat-free mass (FFM) (primarily skeletal muscle mass) is related to maximal aerobic capacity among healthy humans across the adult age range. The basis for this physiological association is assumed to be a direct relation between skeletal muscle mass and its capacity to consume oxygen. We tested the alternative hypothesis that FFM exerts its influence on maximal aerobic capacity in part via an association with central circulatory function. To do so, we analyzed data from 103 healthy sedentary adults aged 18–75 yr. FFM was strongly and positively related to maximal oxygen consumption ( r = 0.80, P < 0.001). FFM was also strongly and positively related to supine resting levels of blood volume ( r = 0.79, P < 0.001) and stroke volume ( r = 0.75, P < 0.001). Statistically controlling for the collective influences of blood volume and stroke volume abolished the tight relation between FFM and maximal oxygen consumption ( r = 0.12, not significant). These results indicate that 1) FFM may be an important physiological determinant of blood volume and stroke volume among healthy sedentary adult humans of varying age; and 2) this relation between FFM and central circulatory function appears to represent the primary physiological basis for the strong association between FFM and maximal aerobic capacity in this population. Our findings suggest that sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging) may contribute to the age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity primarily via reductions in blood volume and stroke volume rather than a direct effect on the oxygen-consuming potential of muscle per se.

scholarly journals Exercise training increases intramyocellular lipid and oxidative capacity in older adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E857-E862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Pruchnic ◽  
Andreas Katsiaras ◽  
Jing He ◽  
David E. Kelley ◽  
Carena Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Type I ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipid ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) has been associated with insulin resistance. However, an association between IMCL and insulin resistance might be modulated by oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. We examined the hypothesis that 12 wk of exercise training would increase both IMCL and the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle in older (67.3 ± 0.7 yr), previously sedentary subjects ( n = 13; 5 men and 8 women). Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max) increased from 1.65 ± 0.20 to 1.85 ± 0.14 l/min ( P < 0.05), and systemic fat oxidation induced by 1 h of cycle exercise at 45% of V̇o2 max increased ( P < 0.05) from 15.03 ± 40 to 19.29 ± 0.80 (μmol·min−1·kg fat-free mass−1). IMCL, determined by quantitative histological staining in vastus lateralis biopsies, increased ( P < 0.05) from 22.9 ± 1.9 to 25.9 ± 2.6 arbitrary units (AU). The oxidative capacity of muscle, determined by succinate dehydrogenase staining intensity, significantly increased ( P < 0.05) from 75.2 ± 5.2 to 83.9 ± 3.6 AU. The percentage of type I fibers significantly increased ( P < 0.05) from 35.4 ± 2.1 to 40.1 ± 2.3%. In conclusion, exercise training increases IMCL in older persons in parallel with an enhanced capacity for fat oxidation.

scholarly journals Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
Dallin Tavoian ◽  
David Russ ◽  
Brian Clark
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Abstract Most older adults do not exercise regularly. Among those who do, the majority only perform one type of exercise, and— as such— are either not getting the benefits of endurance exercise or resistance exercise. The aim of this pilot study was to determine which standalone exercise strategy has the greatest effect on both cardiorespiratory and lower-extremity muscular function in insufficiently active older adults 60 to 75 years of age (N = 14). Participants were randomly assigned to either resistance training (RT, n=5), moderate intensity continuous training on a stationary bicycle (MICT, n=4), or high-intensity interval training on a stationary bicycle (HIIT, n=5) for supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption increased a comparable amount in all groups (11.9±11.2% for HIIT vs. 8.0±14.8% for MICT vs 9.8±5.7% for RT). Leg extensor power did not change in the HIIT group (-0.34±5.2%), but increased by 5.2±9.7% in the MICT group and 14.5±26.1% in the RT group. Leg extensor strength decreased by 1.7±22.1% in the HIIT group and 0.6±6.4% in the MICT group, but increased by 27.3±21.2% in the RT group. These findings demonstrate that RT results in improved lower-extremity strength and power, as well as improvements in maximal aerobic capacity comparable to MICT and HIIT in older adults. Thus, RT should be promoted as an essential exercise strategy for older adults, particularly for individuals who are inactive or that are only performing one type of exercise regularly.

scholarly journals Correlating Capsaicinoid Levels and Physicochemical Proper-ties of Kimchi and Its Perceived Spiciness

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
So-Ra Yoon ◽  
Yun-Mi Dang ◽  
Su-Yeon Kim ◽  
Su-Yeon You ◽  
Mina K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Capsaicinoid content, among other factors, affects the perception of spiciness of commercial kimchi. Here, we investigated whether the physicochemical properties of kimchi affect the spicy taste of capsaicinoids perceived by the tasting. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the capsaicinoid content (mg/kg) of thirteen types of commercial kimchi. The physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, salinity, free sugar content, and free amino acid content were evaluated, and the spicy strength grade was determined by selected panel to analyze the correlation between these properties. Panels were trained for 48 h prior to actual evaluation by panel leaders trained for over 1000 h according to the SpectrumTM method. Partial correlation analysis was performed to examine other candidate parameters that interfere with the sensory evaluation of spiciness and capsaicinoid content. To express the specific variance after eliminating the effects of other variables, partial correlations were used to estimate the relationships between two variables. We observed a strong correlation between spiciness intensity ratings and capsaicinoid content, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.78 at p ≤ 0.001. However, other specific variables may have influenced the relationship between spiciness intensity and total capsaicinoid content. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the free sugar content most strongly affected the relationship between spiciness intensity and capsaicinoid content, showing the largest first-order partial correlation coefficient (rxy/z: 0.091, p ≤ 0.01).

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in HFpEF patients: the Aldo-DHF randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Johannes Scherr ◽  
Elke Lorenz ◽  
Benjamin Lechner ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Neurohumoral Activation

Abstract Objectives To evaluate associations of omega-3 fatty acid (O3-FA) blood levels with cardiometabolic risk markers, functional capacity and cardiac function/morphology in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Background O3-FA have been linked to reduced risk for HF and associated phenotypic traits in experimental/clinical studies. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, the omega-3-index (O3I = EPA + DHA) was analyzed at baseline in n = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥ 50%, E/e′ 7.1 ± 1.5; median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82–298). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of the O3I with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF, and neurohumoral activation at baseline/12 months. Results The O3I was below (< 8%), within (8–11%), and higher (> 11%) than the target range in 374 (93%), 29 (7%), and 1 (0.2%) patients, respectively. Mean O3I was 5.7 ± 1.7%. The O3I was inversely associated with HbA1c (r = − 0.139, p = 0.006), triglycerides-to-HDL-C ratio (r = − 0.12, p = 0.017), triglycerides (r = − 0.117, p = 0.02), non-HDL-C (r = − 0.101, p = 0.044), body-mass-index (r = − 0.149, p = 0.003), waist circumference (r = − 0.121, p = 0.015), waist-to-height ratio (r = − 0.141, p = 0.005), and positively associated with submaximal aerobic capacity (r = 0.113, p = 0.023) and LVEF (r = 0.211, p < 0.001) at baseline. Higher O3I at baseline was predictive of submaximal aerobic capacity (β = 15.614, p < 0,001), maximal aerobic capacity (β = 0.399, p = 0.005) and LVEF (β = 0.698, p = 0.007) at 12 months. Conclusions Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and predictive of higher submaximal/maximal aerobic capacity and lower BMI/truncal adiposity in HFpEF patients. Graphic abstract Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in HFpEF patients. Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and aerobic capacity (left) but did not correlate with echocardiographic markers for left ventricular diastolic function or neurohumoral activation (right). An O3I-driven intervention trial might be warranted to answer the question whether O3-FA in therapeutic doses (with the target O3I 8–11%) impact on echocardiographic markers for left ventricular diastolic function and neurohumoral activation in patients with HFpEF. This figure contains modified images from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com) licensed by a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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