Metabolic deterioration of the sedentary control group in clinical trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh J. Patel ◽  
Cris A. Slentz ◽  
William E. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Randomized clinical trials of exercise training regimens in sedentary individuals have provided a mechanistic understanding of the long-term health benefits and consequences of physical activity and inactivity. The sedentary control periods from these trials have provided evidence of the progressive metabolic deterioration that results from as little as 4–6 mo of continuing a physically inactive lifestyle. These clinical trials have also demonstrated that only a modest amount of physical activity is required to prevent this metabolic deterioration, and this amount of physical activity is consistent with current physical activity recommendations (150 min/wk of moderate intensity physical activity). These recommendations have been issued to the general population for a vast array of health benefits. While greater adherence to these recommendations should result in substantial improvements in the health of the population, these recommendations still remain inadequate for many individuals. An individual's physical activity requirements are influenced by such factors as an individual's diet, nonexercise physical activity patterns, genetic profile, and medications. Improving the understanding of how these factors influence an individual's physical activity requirements will help advance the field and help move the field toward the development of more personalized physical activity recommendations.

Impact of Walking Cadence Prescription to Reach the Global Physical Activity Recommendations in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Slaght ◽  
Martin Sénéchal ◽  
Danielle R. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Walking cadence is a new monitoring strategy used to increase bouts of time at moderate intensity. Inactive older adults were instructed to walk 150 min per week at no specified intensity during phase one. In phase two, the intervention group (N = 23) received instructions on how to reach moderate intensity, using a pedometer and an individualized walking cadence, while the control group (N = 22) did not. The main outcomes were time at moderate intensity and moderate intensity in 10-min bouts. During phase two only the intervention group increased time at moderate intensity and moderate intensity in 10-min bouts compared with phase one and compared with the control group (p ≤ .01). Older adults can increase time walked at moderate intensity in 10-min bouts weekly by using individually prescribed walking cadence, a pedometer to track intensity, and practicing walking at this cadence.

scholarly journals Compromiso de los adolescentes de Canarias con un estilo de vida físicamente activo y saludable (Physical activity and healthy lifestyle in Canarian teenagers)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Manuel Navarro Valdivielso ◽  
Roberto Ojeda García ◽  
Miriam Navarro Hernández ◽  
Eduardo López López ◽  
Estrella Brito Ojeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
School Schedule ◽  
Activity Recommendations

En el presente estudio de la población adolescente de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias se evidencia que son minoría los adolescentes que cumplen las pautas o recomendaciones de actividad física, mostrando bajos niveles de práctica de actividad física de intensidad moderada y vigorosa, niveles que se muestran alejados de las recomendaciones establecidas para este grupo de edad e insuficientes para alcanzar los efectos positivos que se derivan de la práctica de actividad física, siendo estos bajos niveles más acentuados en las chicas que en los chicos. Estas evidencias justifican la necesidad de cambiar esta tendencia y promover cambios sustanciales en los hábitos de práctica de actividad física de nuestros niños y adolescentes. Para procurar este cambio, se muestran como muy adecuado, la puesta en práctica de programas de intervención extracurriculares, junto con el necesario incremento del horario lectivo que en la actualidad se destina a la materia de educación física en el vigente currículo escolar de la Enseñanza Básica. Palabra clave: actividad física, niveles de actividad física, adolescentes, recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física, análisis del patrón de actividad física, sedentarismo.Abstract: The present study about adolescent from the Canary Islands, evidence that a minority of adolescents follow the guidelines or recommendations for physical activity, showing low level of physical activity of moderate intensity and vigorous, levels which are shown away from the established recommendations for this group of age, and insufficient to attain the positive effects arising from the practice of physical activity, and these low levels are more accentuated in girls than in boys. These evidences, justify, the need to change this trend and promote substantial changes in practice habits of physical activity of children and adolescents. To ensure this change, are shown as very adequate, the implementation of physical education programs out of the school schedule, along with the necessary increase in teaching hours which now is assigned to physical education in the current curriculum of Basic Education.Key words: physical activity, physical activity level, adolescents, physical activity recommendations, physical activity pattern analysis, sedentary lifestyle.

It is never too late to start: adherence to physical activity recommendations for 11–22 years and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The HUNT Study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102350
Author(s):  
Trine Moholdt ◽  
Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno ◽  
Børge Moe ◽  
Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

ObjectivesTo examine associations between long-term (11–22 years) adherence to physical activity recommendations and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease.DesignProspective population-based study with repeated assessments of self-reported physical activity (1984–86, 1995–97 and 2006–08) and follow-up until the end of 2013.SettingCounty of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.ParticipantsMen and women aged ≥20 years; 32 811 who participated in 1984–86 and 1995–97; 22 058 in 1984–86 and 2006–08; 31 948 in 1995–97 and 2006–09 and 19 349 in all three examinations (1984–1986, 1995–95 and 2006–08).Main outcome measuresAll-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality from the national Cause of Death Registry.ResultsCompared with the reference category comprising individuals who adhered to the physical activity recommendations (≥150 min of moderate intensity or ≥60 min of vigorous intensity physical activity per week) over time, individuals who remained inactive (reporting no or very little physical activity) from 1984–86 to 1995–97 had HRs (95% CI) of 1.56 (1.40 to 1.73) for all-cause mortality and 1.94 (1.62 to 2.32) for cardiovascular disease mortality. Individuals who were inactive in 1984–86 and then adhered to recommendations in 2006–08 had HRs of 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) for all-cause mortality and 1.31 (0.87 to 1.98) for cardiovascular disease mortality. In a subsample of individuals who participated at all three time points, those who were inactive or physically active below the recommended level across three decades (1984–86, 1995–97 and 2006–2008) had an HR of 1.57 (1.22 to 2.03) for all-cause mortality and 1.72 (1.08 to 2.73) for cardiovascular disease mortality.ConclusionIndividuals who remained, or became, physically inactive had substantially greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality compared with those who met the physical activity recommendations throughout the lifespan.

Association of leisure time physical activity with breast cancer risk and breast cancer sub-types in Nigerian women.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13085-e13085
Author(s):  
Galya Bigman ◽  
Sally Nneoma Adebamowo ◽  
Elima Enaji Jedy-Agba ◽  
Izuchukwu Benerdin Achusi ◽  
Clement Adebayo Adebamowo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Activity Recommendations

e13085 Background: The association between physical activity and breast cancer has not been studied among Nigerian women and in particular by breast cancer sub-types. Therefore are studies aims are to examine the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and breast cancer in Nigerian women and to examine the association between LTPA and estrogen receptor positive (ER+), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC+), Luminal A breast cancer in Nigerian women. Methods: We enrolled 739 newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer and 739 age-matched controls in Nigeria from 01/2014 to 07/2016. This analysis is restricted to the 40% of cases for whom we have complete ER, TNBC and Luminal-A data and their matched controls. We derived the average amount of time per week spent on LTPA over the past one year using a modified Nurses’ Health Study II PA questionnaire. LTPA was calculated from the total metabolic equivalent (METs) assigned for each reported physical activity hour/week (i.e. walking, cycling, and dancing). We examined LTPA by comparing participants who attained the WHO physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or/and 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity weekly with those who did not. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of LTPA and overall as well as subtypes of breast cancer. Results: The mean (SD) age of cases was 41.6 (9.1) and controls was 43.9 (11.8) years. Women who attained the WHO physical activity recommendations had 43% decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.57 95% CI:0.42-0.77) compared with those who did not, after controlling for demographic, anthropometric and fertility related factors. LTPA was also associated with reduced risk of breast cancer subtypes by 41% for ER+, 59% for TNBC+ and 59% for Luminal A. Conclusions: Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer overall and by subtypes in Nigerian women.

scholarly journals Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10135
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Andrea Fusco ◽  
Salvador J. Jaime ◽  
Sara Baldassano ◽  
Jill Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Enjoyment ◽  
Activity Recommendations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of SuperJump® workout as a home-based activity for fulfilling physical activity recommendations during COVID-19 home-confinement. Seventeen (males: n = 10; females: n = 7) college students (age: 25.8 ± 2.7 years; height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight: 66.2 ± 12.1 kg) participated in the study. To assess the intensity of the activity (30-min), heart rate (HR), expressed as percentages of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax), and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), collected on a CR10 scale, were used. %HRmax data were categorically separated in five classes of intensity according to the American College of Sport Science’s guidelines. Enjoyment was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate differences (p < 0.05) in relation to gender and exercise intensity. No gender difference emerged for %HRmax and sRPE. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) %HRmax were found for the moderate intensity (47.1 ± 34.4%) with respect to very light (3.6 ± 6.9%), light (14.5 ± 23.3%) and vigorous (34.6 ± 39.6%) and for the vigorous intensity with respect to very light; no near maximal to maximal values were observed. Subjects perceived SuperJump® as moderate (sRPE = 3.1 ± 1.2) while showing high levels of enjoyability (PACES = 86.6 ± 16.2%). SuperJump® can be classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity, representing an effective alternative and enjoyable home-based activity for preventing the effects of a sedentary lifestyle during home-confinement.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequities in Youth Participation in Physical Activity and Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6946
Author(s):  
Pooja S. Tandon ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Katharine Olsen ◽  
Kimberly Garrett ◽  
Pingping Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Middle School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
High Schoolers ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Access to opportunities for physical activity and sports, and therefore potential benefits of participation, are distributed inequitably. The aims of this study were to describe and compare youth experiences related to sport and physical activity by socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of students in 5–12th grades in King County, Washington, USA. Students were asked about physical activity and sports experiences and about demographic factors including family affluence, which was categorized as low, medium, and high. Participants were 1038 youth (50% girls, 58% non-White, and 32% from homes where languages other than English are spoken). Children from low-affluence families reported fewer days/week of physical activity, fewer sports sampled, and lower rates of ever playing sports. Greater proportions of children from low-affluence families reported these barriers to sports: (1) don’t want to get hurt, (2) don’t feel welcome on teams, (3) too expensive, and (4) transportation. Middle school children from high-affluence families had three times higher odds of meeting physical activity recommendations, and high-affluence high schoolers had three times higher odds of ever participating in sports compared to peers from low-affluence families. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with outcomes related to youth physical activity and sports participation. The disproportionately reported barriers to sports participation are modifiable, and cross-sector solutions can help promote play equity.

An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532097765
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Salinas ◽  
Roy Valenzuela ◽  
Jon Sheen ◽  
Malcolm Carlyle ◽  
Jennifer Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Orbit Model ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations. Over 2000 participants and several employers took part in the walking challenges. Results from this ORBIT Phase 1 design intervention suggest that walking challenges are a feasible approach to increase physical activity in Mexican-Americans.

scholarly journals Identifying and measuring the behavioural, dietary, and physical activity components of weight management consultations delivered by general practice nurses in routine care

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Tong ◽  
Elizabeth Morris ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Abstract Background Many people with obesity receive weight loss consultations by general practice nurses (GPNs) in routine primary care. This exploratory study aimed to characterise the components of these consultations, including behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and dietary and physical activity recommendations. Methods We analysed audio recordings of weight management consultations conducted by 8 GPNs as part of the ‘usual care’ group in a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN75092026). Consultations were coded against three taxonomies to classify BCTs, dietary recommendations, and physical activity recommendations. Associations between coded content and weight loss were assessed. Differences in the content of consultations where weight loss was < 5% or ≥ 5% from baseline weight at 6 months were explored. Results One hundred and fifty audio recordings were available from 53 out of 140 (38%) participants in the usual care group. Participants had on average 3 (SD = 1) recorded consultations over 3 months, lasting 14 (SD = 7) minutes each. Weight change at 3, 6, and 12 months was -3.6% (SD = 4.3), -5.5% (SD = 6.0) and -4.2% (SD = 6.5) for participants with audio recordings. GPNs used 3.9 (SD = 1.6) of 93 BCTs, 3.3 (SD = 2.7) of 30 dietary recommendations and 1.4 (SD = 1.2) of 10 physical activity recommendations per consultation. The most commonly employed BCTs were feedback on outcome of behaviour (80.0%), problem solving (38.0%), and social reward (34.3%). The most common dietary recommendations were about portion size (31.3%), nutrients (28.0%), and balanced diet (19.7%). The main physical activity recommendation was about walking (30.3%). There was no association between weight loss and the number of dietary recommendations, physical activity recommendations, or BCTs used per consultation, or per participant. Social reward was the only technique used significantly more in consultations of participants that lost ≥ 5% of their baseline weight at 6 months. Conclusions The study provides a new method that could be used to describe the content of weight management consultations. Specific dietary or physical activity recommendations and BCTs were used infrequently and inconsistently in this group of GPNs. Although replication is required in larger samples, this may point to a weakness in current practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Preschool Hours in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations for Preschoolers

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sara Lahuerta-Contell ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Vladimir E. Martínez-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
School Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Research on physical activity (PA) in different educational settings could elucidate which interventions promote a healthy school lifestyle in early childhood education (ECE). The aims of this study were: (a) to analyse the PA levels of preschoolers during school hours, as well as the rate of compliance with specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA); (b) to examine the role of structured movement sessions and recess time in the MVPA levels during school hours; (c) to evaluate the sociodemographic correlates of preschoolers and the school environment on MVPA behaviour during school hours. PA was evaluated with Actigraph accelerometers. Our main findings were that: (a) preschoolers engaged in very little TPA and MVPA during school hours; (b) children showed significantly higher MVPA levels on days with versus without structured movement sessions, and the contribution of the structured sessions to MVPA was significantly higher than that of recess time; (c) gender and age were associated with PA, and a high density of young children on the playground was associated with high levels of vigorous PA, whereas in the classroom, high density was associated with more sedentary behaviour. Structured PA could reduce the gap in achieving international recommendations.

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