Visualization and stereological characterization of individual rat lung acini by high-resolution X-ray tomographic microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1379-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haberthür ◽  
Sébastien F. Barré ◽  
Stefan A. Tschanz ◽  
Eveline Yao ◽  
Marco Stampanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pulmonary Airways ◽  
Conducting Airways

The small trees of gas-exchanging pulmonary airways, which are fed by the most distal purely conducting airways, are called acini and represent the functional gas-exchanging units. The three-dimensional architecture of the acini has a strong influence on ventilation and particle deposition. Due to the difficulty in identifying individual acini on microscopic lung sections, the knowledge about the number of acini and their biological parameters, like volume, surface area, and number of alveoli per acinus, are limited. We developed a method to extract individual acini from lungs imaged by high-resolution synchrotron radiation-based X-ray tomographic microscopy and estimated their volume, surface area, and number of alveoli. Rat acini were isolated by semiautomatically closing the airways at the transition from conducting to gas-exchanging airways. We estimated a mean internal acinar volume of 1.148 mm3, a mean acinar surface area of 73.9 mm2, and a mean of 8,470 alveoli/acinus. Assuming that the acini are similarly sized throughout different regions of the lung, we calculated that a rat lung contains 5,470 ± 833 acini. We conclude that our novel approach is well suited for the fast and reliable characterization of a large number of individual acini in healthy, diseased, or transgenic lungs of different species, including humans.

Three dimensional characterization of laser ablation craters using high resolution X-ray computed tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Galmed ◽  
A. du Plessis ◽  
S.G. le Roux ◽  
E. Hartnick ◽  
H. Von Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY TO MESOSCALE MATERIALS

2001 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. SEIDLER ◽  
L. J. ATKINS ◽  
E. A. BEHNE ◽  
U. NOOMNARM ◽  
S. A. KOEHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Granular Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Starting Point

We discuss the application of synchrotron X-ray microtomography (XMT) to granular matter, foams, crumpled membranes, and paper. XMT provides rapid, high-resolution, fully three-dimensional characterization of each of these classes of material. In some cases, subsequent three-dimensional image processing allows the virtual reconstruction of the disordered material as a specified assemblage of idealized basic structural units. This allows measurement of otherwise inaccessible correlation functions and can also be used as the starting point for data-initiated simulations.

scholarly journals The total number of acini remains constant throughout postnatal rat lung development

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. L1082-L1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien F. Barré ◽  
David Haberthür ◽  
Tiziana P. Cremona ◽  
Marco Stampanoni ◽  
Johannes C. Schittny
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Pulmonary Airways ◽  
Lung Lobes

The pulmonary airways are subdivided into conducting and gas-exchanging airways. The small tree of gas-exchanging airways which is fed by the most distal conducting airway represents an acinus. Very little is known about the development of the number of acini. The goal of this study was to estimate their number throughout rat postnatal development. Right middle rat lung lobes were obtained at postnatal day 4–60, stained with heavy metals, paraffin embedded, and scanned by synchrotron radiation-based X-ray tomographic microscopy or imaged with micro computed tomography after critical point drying. The acini were counted by detection of the transitional bronchioles [bronchioalveolar duct junction (BADJ)] by using morphological criteria (thickness of the walls of airways and appearance of alveoli) during examination of the resulting three-dimensional (3D) image stacks. Between postnatal days 4–60, the number of acini per lung remained constant (5,840 ± 547 acini), but their volume increased significantly. We concluded that the acini are formed before the end of the saccular stage (before postnatal day 4) and that the developmental increase of the lung volume is achieved by an increase of the acinar volume and not by an increase of their number. Furthermore, our results propose that the bronchioalveolar stem cells, which are residing in the BADJ, are as constant in their location as the BADJ itself.

Three-dimensional characterization of electrodeposited lithium microstructures using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Eastwood ◽  
Paul M. Bayley ◽  
Hee Jung Chang ◽  
Oluwadamilola O. Taiwo ◽  
Joan Vila-Comamala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

The morphology of electrodeposited high surface area lithium microstructures was imaged in 3D using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomography.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

Three dimensional characterization of micronized soybean seeds using X-ray microtomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Rani Puthukulangara Ramachandran ◽  
Chyngyz Erkinbaev ◽  
Sandeep Thakur ◽  
Jitendra Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
X Ray

Three-dimensional crystallization of membrane proteins

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kühlbrandt
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Membrane Protein Complexes ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

As recently as 10 years ago, the prospect of solving the structure of any membrane protein by X-ray crystallography seemed remote. Since then, the threedimensional (3-D) structures of two membrane protein complexes, the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres of Rhodopseudomonas viridis (Deisenhofer et al. 1984, 1985) and of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Allen et al. 1986, 1987 a, 6; Chang et al. 1986) have been determined at high resolution. This astonishing progress would not have been possible without the pioneering work of Michel and Garavito who first succeeded in growing 3-D crystals of the membrane proteins bacteriorhodopsin (Michel & Oesterhelt, 1980) and matrix porin (Garavito & Rosenbusch, 1980). X-ray crystallography is still the only routine method for determining the 3-D structures of biological macromolecules at high resolution and well-ordered 3-D crystals of sufficient size are the essential prerequisite.

Three-dimensional analysis of plant structure using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang H Stuppy ◽  
Jessica A Maisano ◽  
Matthew W Colbert ◽  
Paula J Rudall ◽  
Timothy B Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Synthesis and Characterization of Hematite Nanoparticles as Active Photocatalyst for Water Splitting Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Mei Chin ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Jeefferie Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Hematite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

This paper highlights on the hydrogen production through photocatalytic activity by using hematite nanoparticles synthesized from self-combustion method based on different stirring period. The morphologies and microstructures of the nanostructures were determined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). Besides that, surface area analyser was used to determine the BET surface area of the hematite samples. The hematite nanocatalyst as-synthesized are proven to be rhombohedral crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) with particle diameters ranging from 60-140 nm. The BET specific surface area of hematite samples increased from 5.437 to 7.6425 m2/g with increasing stirring period from 1 to 4 weeks. This caused the amount of hydrogen gas produced from photocatalytic water splitting to increase as well.

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