Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study

The aim of the present study was to establish fat oxidation rates over a range of exercise intensities in a large group of healthy men and women. It was hypothesised that exercise intensity is of primary importance to the regulation of fat oxidation and that gender, body composition, physical activity level, and training status are secondary and can explain part of the observed interindividual variation. For this purpose, 300 healthy men and women (157 men and 143 women) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill [adapted from a previous protocol (Achten J, Venables MC, and Jeukendrup AE. Metabolism 52: 747–752, 2003)]. Substrate oxidation was determined using indirect calorimetry. For each individual, maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at which MFO occurred (Fatmax) were determined. On average, MFO was 7.8 ± 0.13 mg·kg fat-free mass (FFM)−1·min−1 and occurred at 48.3 ± 0.9% maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max), equivalent to 61.5 ± 0.6% maximal heart rate. MFO (7.4 ± 0.2 vs. 8.3 ± 0.2 mg·kg·FFM−1·min−1; P < 0.01) and Fatmax (45 ± 1 vs. 52 ± 1% V̇o2 max; P < 0.01) were significantly lower in men compared with women. When corrected for FFM, MFO was predicted by physical activity (self-reported physical activity level), V̇o2 max, and gender ( R2 = 0.12) but not with fat mass. Men compared with women had lower rates of fat oxidation and an earlier shift to using carbohydrate as the dominant fuel. Physical activity, V̇o2 max, and gender explained only 12% of the interindividual variation in MFO during exercise, whereas body fatness was not a predictor. The interindividual variation in fat oxidation remains largely unexplained.

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Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.13.3.195 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 195-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marit Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

English Language ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Activity Level ◽

Language Version ◽

Social Comfort ◽

And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

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Effects of Sex and Physical Activity Level on Serum Biomarker-Based Physiological Dysregulation: The Impact to Predict Frailty and Mortality in the Quebec NuAge Cohort

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000514169 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ahmed Ghachem ◽

Frédérik Dufour ◽

Tamas Fülöp ◽

Pierrette Gaudreau ◽

Alan A. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Oxygen Transport ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Activity Level ◽

Men And Women ◽

Physiological Dysregulation ◽

The Impact

Background: Age-related changes in biological processes such as physiological dysregulation (the progressive loss of homeostatic capacity) vary considerably among older adults and may influence health profiles in late life. These differences could be related, at least in part, to the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex and physical activity level (PAL). Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the magnitude and rate of changes in physiological dysregulation in men and women according to PAL and (2) to determine whether/how sex and PAL mediate the apparent influence of physiological dysregulation on health outcomes (frailty and mortality). Methods: We used data on 1,754 community-dwelling older adults (age = 74.4 ± 4.2 years; women = 52.4%) of the Quebec NuAge cohort study. Physiological dysregulation was calculated based on Mahalanobis distance of 31 biomarkers regrouped into 5 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, leukopoiesis, micronutrients, and lipids. Results: As expected, mean physiological dysregulation significantly increased with age while PAL decreased. For the same age and PAL, men showed higher levels of physiological dysregulation globally in 3 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, and leukopoiesis. Men also showed faster global physiological dysregulation in the liver/kidney and leukopoiesis systems. Overall, high PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation. Finally, while mortality and frailty risk significantly increased with physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes and PAL. Conclusion: Our results showed that both sex and PAL have a significant effect on physiological dysregulation levels and rates of change. Also, although a higher PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence that PAL attenuates the effect of physiological dysregulation on subsequent declines in health at the end of life. Substantial work remains to understand how modifiable behaviors impact the relationship between physiological dysregulation, frailty, and mortality in men and women.

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The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level with Quality of Life and General Health among COVID-19 Recovered Individuals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-465421/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahnaz Azmodeh ◽

Rastegar Hoseini ◽

Ehsan Amiri

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

General Health ◽

Short Form ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Activity Level ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: New coronavirus (COVID-19) has a major impact on the individual's physical activity level (PAL); The COVID-19 quarantine outbreak caused a decrease in the PAL. Accordingly, it might also affect the general health and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PAL with QoL and general health (GH) among COVID-19 recovered individuals (CRI).Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, using the multi-stage (Cluster) sampling techniques, 890 CRI (male (n = 438) and female (n = 452)) were volunteered from different COVID-19 testing centers in Kermanshah province. After filling out the consent form, the PAL, GH, and QoL questionnaires were completed and anthropometric parameters were measured. The PAL was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), GH was assessed using the GHQ questionnaire and the QoL was measured by the QoL questionnaire (short-form-SF-12). The independent t-test was used to compare the mean of variables between men and women and the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables using SPSS software version 24 at a significant level of (P≤0.05). Results: The findings of the present study showed that men and women with COVID-19 had inadequate PAL (876.11±40.23;739.08±27.02), insufficient GH (50.13±3.1; 54.15±4.28), and poor QoL (22.02±2.28; 19.23±1.87), respectively. The results also showed that men had significantly higher PAL (P=0.035), GH (P=0.047), and QoL (P=0.023) compared to women. Also, the results show that increasing the PAL improves GH and QoL. Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of COVID-19 and its negative impact on GH and QoL, maintaining adequate PAL can be considered as one of the effective strategies for improving physical and GH, and immune systems, by observing the hygiene protocol.

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DIFFERENCES IN KNEE SENSORIMOTOR CONTROL BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND SEX

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1413-785220192701174327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Cristóbal San Martín-Mohr ◽

Andrés Valladares ◽

Iver Cristi ◽

Francisco José Berral ◽

Claudio Oyarzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Control Level ◽

Sensorimotor Control ◽

Activity Level ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Men

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in knee sensorimotor control between healthy men and women by measuring the joint position sense (JPS), sensation of muscle tension (steadiness), and onset of muscle activation (OMA). Methods: Twenty-four healthy women and 27 healthy men were tested. Knee sensorimotor control was assessed using the JPS test with electrogoniometers in 3 different ranges of motion, sensation of muscle tension using the isometric steadiness technique, and OMA against a mechanical perturbation. Each assessment was compared by sex, physical activity level, and right or left lower limb. Results: The men obtained better values in the JPS test between 90º and 60º and between 30º and 0º than the women. The subjects with higher levels of physical activity also showed better values, between 90º and 60º and between 30º and 0º. The best results for steadiness were found in the women and the subjects with higher levels of physical activity. In the OMA test, no significant differences were found in the studied variables. Conclusion: The results suggest that higher levels of physical activity may determine better sensorimotor control. Men have better articular sensation, and women have better muscle strength control. Level of evidence III, Cross sectional study.

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Is the Mediterranean lifestyle still a reality? Evaluation of food consumption and energy expenditure in Italian and Spanish university students

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008002759 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 148-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Marta Baldini ◽

Francesca Pasqui ◽

Alessandra Bordoni ◽

Magda Maranesi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

University Students ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Activity Level ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Student Groups ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

And Gender

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the correspondence of diet and lifestyle to the Mediterranean model in two groups of Italian and Spanish university students.DesignA cross-sectional nutritional survey to determine BMI, dietary habits (FFQ), energy daily expenditure and lifestyle (SenseWear® Armband; BodyMedia Inc.), and to define the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) in the different student groups.SettingBologna (Italy) and León (Spain).SubjectsThe survey was carried out on 210 (105 Italian; 105 Spanish) university students (mean age 27·0 (sd 3·8) years) of two different Mediterranean areas, Bologna (Italy) and León (Spain).ResultsThe frequency of consumption of some food groups showed differences related to nationality and gender. Some classic Mediterranean foods such as cereals and vegetables were generally consumed more frequently by Italian students; others such as fish and pulses by Spanish students. Percentage of overweight was higher among Spanish students in spite of their higher physical activity level.ConclusionYoung generations seem to give up the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, adopting new dietary trends. Overweight appears to be related not only to physical activity level, but also to the poor MDQI.

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Physical Activity Measurement by Accelerometry Among Older Malay Adults Living in Semi-Rural Areas—A Feasibility Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2015-0157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nurdiana Zainol Abidin ◽

Wendy J. Brown ◽

Bronwyn Clark ◽

Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed ◽

Rabindarjeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Men And Women ◽

Feasible Method ◽

Physical Activity Measurement ◽

Significant Difference

We evaluated feasibility of physical activity measurement by accelerometry among older Malay adults living in semi-rural areas in Malaysia. Results showed that 95% of 146 participants (aged [SD] 67.6 [6.4] years) were compliant in wearing the accelerometer for at least five days. Fifteen participants were asked for re-wear the accelerometer because they did not have enough valid days during the first assessment. Participants wore the accelerometer an average of 15.3 hr in a 24-hr day, with 6.5 (1.2) valid wear days. No significant difference in valid wear day and time was found between men and women. Participants who are single provide more valid wear days compared with married participants (p < .05), and participants with higher levels of education provide longer periods of accelerometer wearing hours (p < .01). Eighty-seven percent of participants reported ‘no issues’ with wearing the meter. This study suggests that accelerometry is a feasible method to assess the physical activity level among older Malay adults living in semi-rural areas.

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Association of Physical Activity Level and Stroke Outcomes in Men and Women: A Meta-Analysis

Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.1089/jwh.2009.1708 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1815-1822 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Lien Diep ◽

John Kwagyan ◽

Joseph Kurantsin-Mills ◽

Roger Weir ◽

Annapurni Jayam-Trouth

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Activity Level ◽

Stroke Outcomes ◽

Men And Women

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Abstract P125: Multiple Measures of Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Non-obese White and African American Young Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽

Eric Ravussin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Free Living ◽

Multiple Measures ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: African Americans (AA) experience higher rates of obesity and related disorders than the general U.S. population. It has been hypothesized that the increased risk of obesity among AA may be explained, in part, by lower levels of energy expenditure (EE) and lower levels of fat oxidation. However, many different measures of EE and substrate oxidation have been employed across previous studies. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare multiple measures of EE and substrate oxidation among White (W) and AA adults. We hypothesize that AA will have lower EE and lower fat oxidation rates than W. Methods: A sample of 12 young (ages 22 to 35 y), non-obese AA adults was recruited from the local community and pair-matched by age, sex and body mass index (BMI) to a sample of 12 W adults. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated (kg/m 2 ). Total fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Resting EE (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured in a fasting state using a metabolic cart; 24-hour EE, 24-h RQ, sleep EE and sleep RQ were measured in a whole room calorimeter; and free-living total daily EE (TDEE) was measured over two weeks using doubly labelled water. Physical activity level (PAL) was computed as TDEE/REE. Differences between W and AA were determined using general linear models, adjusting for FFM. Results: The analytic sample had a mean age of 27.0 y (SD 4.3 y) and mean BMI of 22.9 kg/m 2 (SD 2.9 kg/m 2 ). There were no significant differences in age, BMI, FM or FFM between W and AA (all p>0.05). However, W had significantly higher REE (1459 vs 1305 kcal/day; p=0.001), 24-h EE (1826 versus 1737 kcal/day; p=0.02), sleep EE (1509 vs 1405 kcal/day; p=0.005); but not TDEE (2452 vs 2313 kcal/day; p=0.30) compared to AA. There were no race differences in RQ (0.83 vs 0.83; p=0.93), 24-h RQ (0.86 vs 0.88; p=0.24) or sleep RQ (0.86 vs 0.87; p=0.44). On the other hand, AA had higher PAL (1.34 vs 1.26; p=0.04) compared to W. Conclusions: Non-obese W adults demonstrated higher REE, 24-h EE, and sleep EE compared to AA, but had similar levels of free-living TDEE. It appears as though some AA adults may compensate for lower REE by increased physical activity, which may be an effective strategy to prevent weight gain and obesity.

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