scholarly journals Barriers in translating preclinical rodent exercise metabolism findings to human health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly N. Z. Fuller ◽  
John P. Thyfault
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Metabolism ◽  
Housing Temperature ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Physical inactivity and low aerobic capacity are primary drivers of chronic disease pathophysiology and are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conversely, increased physical activity and exercise are central to metabolic disease prevention and longevity. Although these relationships are well characterized in the literature, what remains incompletely understood are the mechanisms by which physical activity/exercise prevents disease. Given methodological constraints of clinical research, investigators must often rely on preclinical rodent models to investigate these potential underlying mechanisms. However, there are several key barriers to translating exercise metabolism findings from rodent models to application in human health. These barriers include housing temperature, nutrient metabolism, exercise modality, exercise testing, and sex differences. Increased awareness and understanding of these barriers will enhance the ability to impact human health through more appropriate experimental design and interpretation of data within the context of these factors.

Multimorbidity, mortality, and physical activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Loprinzi ◽  
Ovuokerie Addoh ◽  
Chelsea Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physician Diagnosis

Objectives Multimorbidity and physical inactivity are individually associated with increased mortality risk, but the possibility for physical activity to moderate the multimorbidity–mortality relationship has yet to be investigated. Methods Data from the 1999–2006 NHANES were employed, with 16,091 participants constituting the analytic sample. Participants were followed through 2011, including a median follow-up of 99 months. Physical activity was assessed via self-report with multimorbidity assessed from physician diagnosis. Results After adjustment, for every 1 morbidity increase, participants had a 23% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.19–1.28; p < 0.001). Multimorbidity mostly remained associated with all-cause mortality across all levels of physical activity, with the exception of those achieving four times the dose of the government guidelines. Discussion With the exception of those who engaged in high levels of self-reported physical activity, physical activity had a minimal effect on the multimorbidity–mortality relationship.

scholarly journals Obesity, Asthma, and Exercise in Child and Adolescent Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Lu ◽  
Krikor Manoukian ◽  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Dan M. Cooper ◽  
Stanley P. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity increases the risk of asthma throughout life but the underlying mechanisms linking these all too common threats to child health are poorly understood. Acute bouts of exercise, aerobic fitness, and levels of physical activity clearly play a role in the pathogenesis and/or management of both childhood obesity and asthma. Moreover, both obesity and physical inactivity are associated with asthma symptoms and response to therapy (a particularly challenging feature of obesity-related asthma). In this article, we review current understandings of the link between physical activity, aerobic fitness and the asthma-obesity link in children and adolescents (e.g., the impact of chronic low-grade inflammation, lung mechanics, and direct effects of metabolic health on the lung). Gaps in our knowledge regarding the physiological mechanisms linking asthma, obesity and exercise are often compounded by imprecise estimations of adiposity and challenges of assessing aerobic fitness in children. Addressing these gaps could lead to practical interventions and clinical approaches that could mitigate the profound health care crisis of the increasing comorbidity of asthma, physical inactivity, and obesity in children.

Effect of Physical Inactivity on Major Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende ◽  
Fabiana Maluf Rabacow ◽  
Juliana Yukari Kodaira Viscondi ◽  
Olinda do Carmo Luiz ◽  
Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
The Impact

Background:In Brazil, one-fifth of the population reports not doing any physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), all-cause mortality and life expectancy in Brazil, by region and sociodemographic profile.Methods:We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for physical inactivity associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer, and all-cause mortality. To calculate the PAF, we used the physical inactivity prevalence from the 2008 Brazilian Household Survey and relative risk data in the literature.Results:In Brazil, physical inactivity is attributable to 3% to 5% of all major NCDs and 5.31% of all-cause mortality, ranging from 5.82% in the southeastern region to 2.83% in the southern region. Eliminating physical inactivity would increase the life expectancy by an average of 0.31 years. This reduction would affect mainly individuals with ≥ 15 years of schooling, male, Asian, elderly, residing in an urban area and earning ≥ 2 times the national minimum wage.Conclusions:In Brazil, physical inactivity has a major impact on NCDs and mortality, principally in the southeastern and central-west regions. Public policies and interventions promoting physical activity will significantly improve the health of the population.

Hypodynamia of the population and ways to overcome it

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Liana Mavrina ◽  
Lilia Timeriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Literary Materials

The relevance of the problem. The article considers one of the most important problems of humankind — physical inactivity, which is an important risk factor for the development of various diseases. Aim. To study the effect of physical inactivity on human health. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, statistical data and literary materials related to this topic were studied in the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Results. Many scientific works are devoted to the problem of physical inactivity. Modern research has proved that physical activity is the most important component of health, and its absence negatively affects both the physical and mental state of a person. Conclusion. The fight against physical inactivity will help prevent many different diseases and raise healthy offspring.

Sedentary time, metabolic abnormalities, and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction: A mediation analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Yuntao Wu ◽  
Shue Huang ◽  
Yanxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background Sedentary time was associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and metabolic diseases in previous studies. Purpose To investigate whether sedentary time measured before disease onset was associated with all-cause mortality among MI survivors and whether the sedentary time–mortality association was mediated by physical activity status and metabolic phenotypes. Methods In this prospective community-based cohort including 101,510 Chinese adults, we used sedentary time, evaluated at 2006 (baseline), to predict further all-cause mortality among individuals who then developed new onset MI from 2006 to December 2013 ( n = 989). The post-MI mortality was ascertained after the first non-fatal MI until December 2014. We assessed the mediating effects of physical inactivity and metabolic factors on the sedentary time-mortality association. Results During 7 years follow up, 180 deaths occurred among these participants with incident MI. Prolonged sedentary time was associated with a higher risk of mortality among MI survivors. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for sedentary time 4–8 hours/day versus <4 hours/day, was 1.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.31). A high amount of sedentary time (>4 hours/day) and inactive physical activity had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.74, 95% CI 1.34–5.60), relative to those with sedentary time ≤4 hours/day and moderate/vigorous physical activity. Physical inactivity and metabolic factors mediated a small proportion (≤9.2 % for all) of the total association between sedentary time and post-MI mortality. Conclusion High sedentary time was significantly associated with all-cause mortality among MI survivors, independent of physical activity status and metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Physical activity level, waist circumference, and mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Staiano ◽  
Bruce A. Reeder ◽  
Susan Elliott ◽  
Michel R. Joffres ◽  
Punam Pahwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Active Adults

This study predicted all-cause mortality based on physical activity level (active or inactive) and waist circumference (WC) in 8208 Canadian adults in Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and Saskatchewan, surveyed between 1986–1995 and followed through 2004. Physically inactive adults had higher mortality risk than active adults overall (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval = 1.20, 1.05–1.37) and within the low WC category (1.51, 1.19–1.92). Detrimental effects of physical inactivity and high WC demonstrate the need for physical activity promotion.

Pre-eminence of Moderate to Robust Physical Activity in Battling COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 934-937
Author(s):  
Tasneem M. Lakkadsha ◽  
Kiran Kumar ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Pratik Phansopkar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Being There ◽  
History Books

In January 2020, we met with COVID-19 (aka SARS-Co-V-2 and/or Corona virus) on our news channels all the way from china. Little did we know that it would shake up our lives in such a manner that we had heard only in a movie or read in history books. Currently we are all in some sort of lockdown, be it in hospital/home or in our minds. Being there, most of us are facing certain kind of misery, be it emotional, mental, physical or social. To be expansive the most common stresses that have been addressed by people on mass media platform are feeling of depression and isolation caused by being away from family and friends, some are complaining of losing their enthusiasm, some of gaining weight, some of losing it and many more. Going through a pandemic is also helping people in some or the other way, one of which is being concerned about their health and habits to keep themselves fit and away from serious comorbidities which can stem out from physical inactivity and heightened stress levels. There are many ways to stay fit at home without any complex gym equipment, but far less is known about it. Thus, an understanding of methods through which one can become physically active with least complexity, easy availability, and appropriate utilization is need of the hour.

Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Cecilia Godoi Campos ◽  
Josélia OA Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Speciale ◽  
Antonella Saija ◽  
Romina Bashllari ◽  
Maria Sofia Molonia ◽  
Claudia Muscarà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. : This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.

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