Protective effects of pulmonary surfactant on decompression sickness in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhua Yu ◽  
Jiajun Xu ◽  
Wenwu Liu ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lung Dysfunction

Decompression sickness (DCS) is a systemic pathophysiological process featured by bubble load . Lung dysfunction plays a harmful effect on off-gassing, which contributes to bubble load and subsequent DCS occurrence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pulmonary surfactant on DCS as it possessed multiple advantages on the lung. Rats were divided into three groups: the normal (n = 10), the surfactant (n = 36) and the saline (n = 36) group. Animals in surfactant or saline group were administered aerosol surfactant or saline 12 h before a stimulated diving, respectively. Signs of DCS were recorded and bubble load was detected. The contents of phospholipid and surfactant protein A (SPA), protein, IL-1 and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio were determined. Serum levels of IL-6, ICAM-1, E-selectin, GSH and GSSG were detected. In surfactant treated rats, the morbidity and mortality of DCS markedly decreased (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, respectively). Survival time prolonged and the latency to DCS dramatically delayed (**P < 0.01). More importantly, bubble load markedly decreased (**P < 0.01). The increases of protein, IL-1 and IL-6 in BALF and lung W/D ratio were alleviated. Restoration of total phospholipid and SPA in BALF and ICAM-1 and E-selectin in serum were observed. The inflammation and oxidation were attenuated (# P < 0.01). In conclusion, pre-diving administrating exogenous surfactant by aerosolization is an efficient, simple and safe method for DCS prevention in rats.

Pulmonary surfactant and inflammation in septic adult mice: role of surfactant protein A

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaret L. Malloy ◽  
Ruud A. W. Veldhuizen ◽  
Francis X. McCormack ◽  
Thomas R. Korfhagen ◽  
Jeffery A. Whitsett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Phospholipid Pool ◽  
Pool Sizes

Surfactant alterations, alveolar cytokine changes, and the role of surfactant protein (SP)-A in septic mice were investigated. Sepsis was induced via cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Septic and sham mice were euthanized at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 h after surgery. Mice deficient in SP-A and mice that overexpressed SP-A were euthanized 18 h after surgery. In wild-type, sham-operated mice, surfactant pool sizes were similar at all time points, whereas in the CLP groups there was a significant decrease in small-aggregate surfactant pool sizes beginning 6 h after CLP. Interleukin-6 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from septic animals increased from 6 to 18 h after surgery. Identical surfactant alterations and concentrations of cytokines were observed in septic mice that were SP-A deficient or that overexpressed SP-A. In conclusion, alterations of pulmonary surfactant and alveolar cytokines occur simultaneously, 6 h after a systemic insult. In addition, we did not detect a role for SP-A in regulating surfactant phospholipid pool sizes or pulmonary inflammation in septic mice.

Development of the pulmonary surfactant system in two oviparous vertebrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. R486-R493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya D. Johnston ◽  
Sandra Orgeig ◽  
Olga V. Lopatko ◽  
Christopher B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant System ◽  
Bearded Dragon ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps

In birds and oviparous reptiles, hatching is often a lengthy and exhausting process, which commences with pipping followed by lung clearance and pulmonary ventilation. We examined the composition of pulmonary surfactant in the developing lungs of the chicken, Gallus gallus, and of the bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps. Lung tissue was collected from chicken embryos at days 14, 16, 18 (prepipped), and 20(postpipped) of incubation and from 1 day and 3 wk posthatch and adult animals. In chickens, surfactant protein A mRNA was detected using Northern blot analysis in lung tissue at all stages sampled, appearing relatively earlier in development compared with placental mammals. Chickens were lavaged at days 16, 18, and 20 of incubation and 1 day posthatch, whereas bearded dragons were lavaged at day 55, days 57–60 (postpipped), and days 58–61 (posthatched). In both species, total phospholipid (PL) from the lavage increased throughout incubation. Disaturated PL (DSP) was not measurable before 16 days of incubation in the chick embryo nor before 55 days in bearded dragons. However, the percentage of DSP/PL increased markedly throughout late development in both species. Because cholesterol (Chol) remained unchanged, the Chol/PL and Chol/DSP ratios decreased in both species. Thus the Chol and PL components are differentially regulated. The lizard surfactant system develops and matures over a relatively shorter time than that of birds and mammals. This probably reflects the highly precocial nature of hatchling reptiles.

Withdrawn: Hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Almasi ◽  
Mozafar Khazaei ◽  
Shima Chehrei ◽  
Ali Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70%) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P < 0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P < 0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.

scholarly journals Role of endocannabinoid CB1 receptors in Streptozotocin-induced uninephrectomised Wistar rats in diabetic nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayarami Reddy Medapati ◽  
Deepthi Rapaka ◽  
Veera Raghavulu Bitra ◽  
Santhosh Kumar Ranajit ◽  
Girija Sankar Guntuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Abstract Background The endocannabinoid CB1 receptor is known to have protective effects in kidney disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential agonistic and antagonistic actions and to determine the renoprotective potential of CB1 receptors in diabetic nephropathy. The present work investigates the possible role of CB1 receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced nephropathy. Streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, i.p., once) is administered to uninephrectomised rats for induction of experimental diabetes mellitus. The CB1 agonist (oleamide) and CB1 antagonist (AM6545) treatment were initiated in diabetic rats after 1 week of STZ administration and were given for 24 weeks. Results The progress in diabetic nephropathy is estimated biochemically by measuring serum creatinine (1.28±0.03) (p < 0.005), blood urea nitrogen (67.6± 2.10) (p < 0.001), urinary microprotein (74.62± 3.47) (p < 0.005) and urinary albuminuria (28.31±1.17) (p < 0.0001). Renal inflammation was assessed by estimating serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (75.69±1.51) (p < 0.001) and transforming growth factor beta (8.73±0.31) (p < 0.001). Renal morphological changes were assessed by estimating renal hypertrophy (7.38± 0.26) (p < 0.005) and renal collagen content (10.42± 0.48) (p < 0.001). Conclusions From the above findings, it can be said that diabetes-induced nephropathy may be associated with overexpression of CB1 receptors and blockade of CB1 receptors might be beneficial in ameliorating the diabetes-induced nephropathy. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Serum IGFBP-2 in systemic sclerosis as a prognostic factor of lung dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Guiot ◽  
Makon-Sébastien Njock ◽  
Béatrice André ◽  
Fanny Gester ◽  
Monique Henket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Lung Dysfunction

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease associated with rapid evolving interstitial lung disease (ILD), driving its mortality. Specific biomarkers associated with the progression of this lung disease are highly needed. We aimed to identify specific biomarkers of SSc-ILD to predict the evolution of the disease. For this, we compared prospectively serum levels of several biomarkers associated with lung fibrosis in SSc patients (n = 102), among which SSc-no ILD (n = 63) and SSc-ILD (n = 39), compared to healthy subjects (HS) (n = 39). We also performed a longitudinal study in a subgroup of 28 patients analyzing biomarkers variations and pulmonary function tests over a period of 2 years. Serum level of IGFBP-2 was significantly increased in SSc patients compared to HS, and negatively correlated with pulmonary function (assessed by carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO)) (r = − 0.29, p < 0.01). Two-year longitudinal analysis in a subgroup of 28 SSc patients determined that IGFBP-2 variation was positively correlated with KCO at 2-year follow-up (r = 0.6, p < 0.001). SSc patients with a lower variation of IGFBP-2 (less than 22%) presented significant deterioration of pulmonary function at 2-year follow-up (p < 0.01). ROC curve analysis enabled us to identify that baseline IGFBP-2 > 105 ng/ml was associated with a poor outcome (KCO < 70% predicted) at 2-year follow-up (AUC = 0.75, p < 0.05). We showed for the first time that serum levels of IGFBP-2 might be a prognostic factor of the development of SSc-ILD.

The Associations of Plasma/Serum Carotenoids with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mingyue Qu ◽  
Hanxu Shi ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xinggang Wang ◽  
Nan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: Multiple lines of evidence indicate protective effects of carotenoids in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between carotenoids levels and the risk of AD. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the associations of six major members of carotenoids with the occurrence of AD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ebsco, and PsycINFO databases was conducted, and the quality of each included studies was evaluated by a validated scoring systems. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%confidence intervals (CI) were determined by using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results: Sixteen studies, with 10,633 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significantly lower plasma/serum levels of lutein (SMD = –0.86, 95%CI: –1.67 to –0.05, p = 0.04) and zeaxanthin (SMD = –0.59; 95%CI: –1.12 to –0.06, p = 0.03) in patients with AD versus cognitively intact controls, while α-carotene (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: –0.68 to 0.26, p = 0.39), β-carotene (SMD = 0.04, 95%CI: –0.57 to 0.65, p = 0.9), lycopene (SMD = –0.12, 95%CI: –0.96 to 0.72, p = 0.78), and β-cryptoxanthin (SMD = –0.09, 95%CI: –0.83 to 0.65, p = 0.81) did not achieve significant differences. Conclusion: Of six major members of carotenoids, only lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma/serum were inversely related to the risk of AD. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to verify these findings.

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