Age-related changes in the 3D hierarchical structure of rat tibia cortical bone characterized by high-resolution micro-CT

Three-dimensional hierarchical structure of female Sprague-Dawley rat tibia cortical bone was characterized as a function of age (3, 12, 32, 42, 60, and 72 wk) using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography. At the whole bone level, 3-wk samples exhibited statistically significant differences in a mean total tissue volume, mean cortical bone volume, mean cortical bone volume density, mean periosteal perimeter, and mean cortical thickness ( P < 0.05) compared with all other ages. At the tissue level, there was a statistically significant increase in a mean canal number density and a decrease in a mean canal volume and diameter between 3-wk and 12-wk samples. While no significant variations were found between mean canal lengths, there was a dependence of mean canal orientation on age. At the cell level, there were no statistically significant differences in a lacuna number density and a lacuna volume density, and all lacunae element-based parameters displayed no dependence on age across age. In addition, at the microstructural level, the cannular indexes were reported separately for anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral anatomic regions. From 3 to 32 wk of age, there existed significantly fewer canals per volume of bone in the medial region of the tibia vs. other cross-sectional quadrants. Although there were changes with age, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean canal volume, mean canal diameter, and mean canal length between the four anatomic regions.

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The use of high-resolution computed tomography to explore age-related trabecular change in human ribs

10.1101/2021.07.12.452053 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophia Mavroudas ◽

Victoria M Dominguez

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume ◽

3D Analysis ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Age Related

High-resolution computed tomography was used to explore age-related trabecular change in male human ribs ranging in age from 20–95 years (Mean=55 years, SD=21.634 years) from the Texas State Donated Skeletal Collection (TXSTDSC). Two regions of interest (ROIs), midshaft (50%) and anterior (75%) were extracted from each scan to analyze age-related trabecular change. Dragonfly V4.1 was used to isolate cortical bone volumes of interest (VOIs) and three trabecular VOIs for each ROI; one each along the cutaneous cortex, the center of the medullary cavity, and the pleural cortex. Each trabecular VOI was analyzed for bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular spacing (TbSp), connectivity density (Conn.D), and degree of anisotropy (DA), within and between the 50 and 75% ROIs. Overall, the cutaneous VOIs at both the 50% and 75% ROIs exhibited greater BV/TV, TbTh, and Conn.D when compared to the center and pleural VOIs. All results are consistent with expected biomechanical strain on human ribs. Both trabecular variables and cortical bone volume are only weakly associated with age. These results show that 3D analysis of trabecular bone volume does not improve visualization or understanding of trabecular bone changes with age over traditional 2D methods. Future research should incorporate female samples to explore sex-related trabecular change variation.

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NANOINDENTATION AND ASH CONTENT STUDY OF AGE DEPENDENT CHANGES IN PORCINE CORTICAL BONE

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519415500748 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (05) ◽

pp. 1550074 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MICHAEL CHITTENDEN ◽

AHMAD RAEISI NAJAFI ◽

JUN LI ◽

IWONA JASIUK

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Age Groups ◽

Structure Property ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Composition Structure

Composition-structure-property relations of bone provide fundamental understanding of bone quality. The objective of this paper was to investigate age dependent changes in the composition, structure and mechanical properties of porcine femoral cortical bone at mid-diaphysis region from six age groups (1, 3.5, 6, 12, 30, 48 months). This study was motivated by the fact that limited data is available in the literature on young porcine cortical bone. Nanoindentation technique with Berkovich fluid cell tip was employed to measure the elastic modulus and hardness. Individual lamellae were indented in the longitudinal direction of bone in different microstructural components (osteonal, interstitial and plexiform bone). A grid of indentations was also made on one bone sample to obtain spatial variations in the elastic modulus and hardness. Ash and water content tests were performed to measure water, organic and mineral contents of bone as a function of age. Finally, high resolution micro-computed tomography was used to measure porosity and visualize three-dimensional void structures. We found that the elastic modulus and hardness of bone increased with age but at different rates in each microstructural component. The mineral content increased correspondingly with age while the porosity decreased. The obtained structure, composition, and mechanical properties data give new insights on the age related changes in young cortical bone and can serve as inputs for and validation of multiscale models of bone.

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Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor – Part II: Bony recession and cortical remodeling

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos_124_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Jin-Wook Kim ◽

Hyoung-Seon Baik ◽

Sung-Seo Mo ◽

Hai-Van Giap ◽

Kee-Joon Lee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Young Group ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the age-related changes in the bony recession and cortical bone remodeling induced by lateral orthodontic tooth movement, using a three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. Material and Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two distinct age groups (young, 10 weeks and adult, 52 weeks). Double-helical springs exerting 40 g of force were applied to central incisors to analysis of changes in lateral cortical bone and tooth movement with age and time. The young and adult rats were divided into four subgroups, T0 (0 week), T1 (1 week), T2 (2 weeks), and T3 (3 weeks), depending on the period of wearing the appliance. Micro-CT image was taken on each dissected pre-maxilla specimen. In each subgroup, distance between the center of teeth, suture width, tooth displacement, bony recession, and bone volume was evaluated. Results: The changes in the distance between the center of teeth and the suture width were significantly greater in the young group. However, the change in the tooth displacement showed no significant difference between groups. In the young group, bony recession of outer cortical layer was observed at T1 (P < 0.05), but the amount of recession gradually decreased at T2 and T3. In contrast, in the adult group, bony recession increased gradually over observation period (P < 0.05). The bone volume decreased at T1 (P < 0.05), but recovered at T2 and T3 in both groups. Conclusion: The compensatory bone formation occurs in the pressure side of cortical bone more significantly in the young group than in the adult according to the lateral displacement of incisor in rats. The reduced bone reaction in the adult is considered a limiting factor of the excessive tooth movement in the compromised treatment of skeletal malocclusion.

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Model-Independent 3D Descriptors of Vertebral Cancellous Bone Architecture

Journal of Osteoporosis ◽

10.4061/2010/641578 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ian H. Parkinson ◽

Danielle Forbes ◽

Peter Sutton-Smith ◽

Nicola L. Fazzalari

Keyword(s):

Cancellous Bone ◽

Structural Model ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Volume Density ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Trabecular Separation ◽

Structural Model Index

High-resolution micro computed tomography has enabled measurement of bone architecture derived from 3D representations of cancellous bone. Twenty-eight vertebral bodies were obtained from four embalmed male cadavers. From 3D anaglyphs, trabecular rod thickness and length were measured and the trabecular rod Buckling index was calculated. From 3D voxel-based datasets, bone volume density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation were measured. Also, trabecular bone pattern factor, structural model index, connectivity density, and degree of anisotropy were calculated. Bone volume density alone explains 59% of the variability in trabecular rod Buckling index. The addition of connectivity density, trabecular separation, and structural model index, in a multiple regression statistical model, improves the explanatory power to 77%. The relationships between measures of cancellous bone architecture and a derived measure of trabecular rod strength were investigated. Morphological descriptors of cancellous bone provide a composite explanatory model of trabecular rod strength.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A detailed comparative study of high-resolution ultrasound and micro-computed tomography for detection of arthritic bone erosions.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.10849956.11772056 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Link ◽

Janina Patsch

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Erosions

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Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Subchondral Bone Regeneration Using Osteochondral Scaffolds in an Ovine Condyle Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11030891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 891

Author(s):

Taylor Flaherty ◽

Maryam Tamaddon ◽

Chaozong Liu

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Osteochondral Defects ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Osteochondral Scaffold

Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments.

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Osseointegration of a novel dental implant in canine

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83700-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lingxiao Wang ◽

Zhenhua Gao ◽

Yucheng Su ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Yi Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volume Ratio ◽

Volume Density ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Further Development ◽

Trabecular Number ◽

Histological Staining

AbstractThis study aimed to compare and verify the osseointegration performance of a novel implant (NI) in vivo, which could provide a useful scientific basis for the further development of NIs. Thirty-two NIs treated with hydrofluoric acid and anodization and sixteen control implants (CIs) were placed in the mandibles of 8 beagles. Micro-CT showed that the trabecular number (Tb.N) significantly increased and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) significantly decreased in the NIs at 2 weeks. Significant differences were found in the trabecular thickness, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, bone surface/bone volume ratio, and bone volume/total volume ratio between the two groups from the 2nd–4th weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the bone volume density at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks or bone-implant contact at 2 or 4 weeks, but the BIC in the CIs was higher than that in the NIs at the 8th and 12th weeks. Meanwhile, the histological staining showed a similar osseointegration process between the two groups over time. Overall, the NIs could be used as new potential implants after further improvement.

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Effect of Age on Bone Structure Parameters in Laying Hens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 570

Author(s):

Masayoshi Yamada ◽

Chongxiao Chen ◽

Toshie Sugiyama ◽

Woo Kyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Medullary Bone ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Tibial Diaphysis

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

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