X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence in the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Excipients

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
A. J. Durbetaki ◽  
T. F. Quail
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablets

The majority of pharmaceutical dosage forms are marketed as tablets which are formulated to satisfy various basic requirements. The analysis of the resultant multicomponent pharmaceutical and product is usually a lengthy task.This paper describes the complementary use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRS) to characterize and quantify excipients in pharmaceutical tablets.

scholarly journals A Compact Analytical Profile of Aripiprazole: Analytical Methodologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
O. V. Athira ◽  
Muhamed Rishad ◽  
K. Anand Babu ◽  
K. Praseetha ◽  
. Indukala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Technique ◽  
Published Research

Aripiprazole (APZ) is an antipsychotic drug that belongs to benzisoxazole derivatives and is used to treat schizophrenia as well as acute manic or mixed effects in patients with bipolar 1 disorder. APZ is used to treat certain mental, mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder. It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. The present review article would be useful for prospective studies for researchers interested in APZ formulation production and quality management. Using a thorough computer assisted literature survey; this review touches upon the various reported analytical methods for the quantification of APZ both in API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present write-up also encompasses the various published research articles like Spectroscopy techniques, X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Electro Chemical Technique, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Capillary Electrophoresis. This is the first review article in this series with focus on the analytical profile of APZ. Although, several methods were reported in the literature, HPLC stands out first for the quantification of APZ.

scholarly journals Compatibility Studies of Valsartan with Different Pharmaceutical Excipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2590-2600
Author(s):  
Ioana Cristina Tita ◽  
Lavinia Lupa ◽  
Bogdan Tita ◽  
Roxana Liana Stan ◽  
Laura Vicas
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Lactose Monohydrate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir

Compatibility studies between active drugs and excipients are substantial in the pharmaceutical technology. Thermal analysis has been extensively used to obtain information about drug-excipient interactions and to perform pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the compatibility of the valsartan (VALS) with pharmaceutical excipients of common use including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and solubilising agents. Thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), but especially differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for a first screening to find small variations in peak temperature and/or their associated enthalpy for six drug/excipient mixtures (starch, cross caramelose sodique, microcrystalline cellulose 102, povidone K30, lactose monohydrate and magnesium stearate), which indicate some degree of interaction. Additional methods using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) confirmed the incompatibility of VALS with starch, povidone K30, lactose monohydrate and magnesium stearate. Those excipients should be avoided in the development of solid dosage forms.

scholarly journals A series of Mn(i) photo-activated carbon monoxide-releasing molecules with benzimidazole coligands: synthesis, structural characterization, CO releasing properties and biological activity evaluation

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 20505-20512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mixia Hu ◽  
YaLi Yan ◽  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Fei Chang ◽  
Shiyong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
C Nmr

Five Mn(i) photo-activated carbon monoxide-releasing molecules were synthesized by reactions of MnBr(CO)5 with L1–L4, and characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Compatibility between Magnesium Stearate and Pharmaceutical Acidic Active Compounds/Excipients with DSC

2020 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Pornsit Chaiya ◽  
Thawatchai Phaechamud
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Drug Compounds ◽  
Ft Ir

Compatibility investigation was performed between magnesium stearate and acidic drug compounds (ibuprofen, indomethacin and valproic acid) and acidic pharmaceutical excipients (lactic acid and citric acid) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC study indicated the possible incompatibility for the mixture between magnesium stearate and any compounds. Alteration in DSC thermogram was found in all mixtures. The eutectic phenomenon was found in the powder mixture of magnesium stearate and ibuprofen. In addition, the presence of melting endothermic peak of stearic acid in other powder mixtures except the mixture of magnesium stearate and indomethacin indicating breakage of salt form of magnesium stearate. This alteration could relate to the influence on physicochemical properties of drug compounds and pharmaceutical excipients which powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) should be further analyzed to confirm the interactions between compounds.

scholarly journals Influence of Fluorine on Clinker burnability and mechanical properties of CPA Moroccan cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01075 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bouregba ◽  
A. Diouri ◽  
B. Elghattas ◽  
A. Boukhari ◽  
T. Guedira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cement Raw Mix

It has been found that the addition of certain components, despite their low concentration in raw mix, may accelerate and enhance the reactivity of the cement raw mix. The utilization of mineralizers to facilitate and quicken the process of clinkerization backpedals numerous years, the concept of using such mineralizers to burn normal raw mixes at a much lower temperature with the end goal of decreasing the fuel necessities of the furnace and to enhance the cement proprieties has become to be seriously considered over the most recent couple of years. The subject of this paper is to investigate the impact of calcium fluoride as mineralizer on addition during the clinkerization process of industrial raw mixtures and its effect on chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical properties of CPA Moroccan cement. Five different raw meals were utilized and were burned with 2% of calcium fluoride. The resulting clinker was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the chemical phases of the obtained clinker, and the mechanical properties of resulting CPA cement were determined. The results show that the addition of 2% of CaF2 to the clinker raw meal induced a decrease in the burning temperature and free lime, while improving the clinker phase formation and the mechanical properties of obtained cement.

Identification of Crystalline Derivatives of Butyrophenones by X-Ray Diffraction: Examination of Pure Compounds and Active Substances in Pharmaceutical Formulations

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406-1419
Author(s):  
E Okkerse ◽  
A De Leenheer ◽  
A Heyndrickx
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Isolation and crystallization procedures have been developed for butyrophenones as free substances and from pharmaceutical formulations, namely ampoules, coated tablets, drops, and tablets. Crystallization as free bases, picrates, picrolonates, chlorhydrates, bromates, sulfates, and phosphates was attempted for all compounds. For the crystalline derivatives, the X-ray diffraction data were obtained by the Debye-Scherrer powder technique with photographic recording. The products have been classified according to their X-ray data, using “Hanawalt’s three strongest lines index” and the “innermost line index” systems. The butyrophenones could be identified with certainty by direct comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns of compounds isolated from dosage forms with reference patterns.

scholarly journals Opuntia Ficus-Indica L. Miller (Palma Forrageira) as an Alternative Source of Cellulose for Production of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biomaterials: Extraction and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaro César Lima de Assis ◽  
Larissa Pereira Alves ◽  
João Paulo Tavares Malheiro ◽  
Alana Rafaela Albuquerque Barros ◽  
Edvânia Emannuelle Pinheiro-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Alternative Sources

Cellulose is among the top 5 excipients used in the pharmaceutical industry. It has been considered one of the main diluents used in conventional and modern dosage forms. Therefore, different raw materials of plant origin have been evaluated as potential alternative sources of cellulose. In this context, Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller (palma forrageira), a plant of the cactus family that has physiological mechanisms that provide greater productivity with reduced water requirements, is an interesting and unexplored alternative for extracting cellulose. By using this source, we aim to decrease the extraction stages and increase the yields, which might result in a decreased cost for the industry and consequently for the consumer. The aim of this work was to investigate the use of Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller as a new source for cellulose extraction, therefore providing an efficient, straight forward and low-cost method of cellulose II production. The extraction method is based on the oxidation of the lignins. The obtained cellulose was identified and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FTIR and NMR), X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TGA-DTG and DSC) and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed the identity of cellulose and its fibrous nature, which are promising characteristics for its use in the industry and a reasonable substrate for chemical modifications for the synthesis of cellulose II derivatives with different physicochemical properties that might be used in the production of drug delivery systems and biomaterials.

Luminescent Properties of Ca1-xBaxSnO3: Eu3+, Dy3+ Composites Prepared by Coprecipitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Fei Lv ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Zhi Dong Han ◽  
Xian You Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of Eu3+, Dy3+ actived Ca1-xBaxSnO3 phosphors were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The structure, morphology and fluorescence property of phosphors were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. SEM results showed that the as-prepared phosphors are smooth and uniform with the cubic morphology. The incorporation of a small amount of Ba to CaBaSnO3 improved the emission characteristics. Fluorescence spectrum showed the emission intensity is the best with the incorporation of Ba2+ (x = 0.3), when calcination temperature is 900°C.

scholarly journals UNSUCCESSFUL DELIVERY OF TETRANDRINE FROM COLON-TARGETED DOSAGE FORMS COMPRISING ALGINATE/HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE AND ALGINATE–CHITOSAN BEADS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Raditya Iswandana ◽  
Metah Putri Mutia ◽  
Farahia Khairina Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize the formulations of antifibrotic tetrandrine beads using alginate and various concentrations ofhydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and chitosan.Methods: Beads were formulated with six (F1–F6) concentrations of polymer and were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction; these beads were used for measurements of moisture contents, swelling, and in vitro drugrelease.Results: Beads with the highest concentrations of HPMC and chitosan produced the highest entrapment efficiencies of 49.83% and 50.71%,respectively. Moreover, drug release under stomach conditions (HCl pH 1.2 medium) was restricted to 75.01%, 61.01%, 51.86%, 74.84%, 66.00%,and 41.63% with increasing HPMC and chitosan concentrations (F1–F6, respectively).Conclusion: Beads of all formulations showed inadequate retention of tetrandrine under pH conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and wouldlikely be unsuccessful as colon-targeted dosage forms.

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