X-Ray Profile Analysis of 12% Chromium Stainless Steel

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Zenjxo Yajima ◽  
Ken-ichi Ishikawa ◽  
Toshihiko Sasaki ◽  
Yukio Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Chromium Stainless Steel

X-ray line broadening is caused by variations in lattice strain and small particle size. When hydrogen is introduced into the steel by the electrolytica! method, structural changes are observed. X-ray line broadening is a suitable measurement in such cases. The Warren and Averbach Fourier analysis is a good method for line broadening studies. In this method, strain and particle size effects can be separated because broadening due to particle size is independent of order of the diffraction peaks, while broadening due to strain is not.

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis on Crystallite Development of Nanostructured Aluminium

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Meijer ◽  
Nicholas Armstrong ◽  
Wing Yiu Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

This study is to investigate the crystallite development in nanostructured aluminium using x-ray line broadening analysis. Nanostructured aluminium was produced by equal channel angular extrusion at room temperature to a total deformation strain of ~17. Samples of the extruded metal were then heat treated at temperatures up to 300oC. High order diffraction peaks were obtained using Mo radiation and the integral breadth was determined. It was found that as the annealing temperature increased, the integral breadth of the peak reflections decreased. By establishing the modified Williamson-Hall plots (integral breadth vs contract factor) after instrumental correction, it was determined that the crystallite size of the metal was maintained ~80 nm at 100oC. As the annealing temperature increased to 200oC, the crystallite size increased to ~118 nm. With increasing annealing temperature, the hardness of the metal decreased from ~60 HV to ~45 HV.

scholarly journals Lattice strain distribution resolved by X-ray Bragg-surface diffraction in an Si matrix distorted by embedded FeSi2nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossano Lang ◽  
Alan S. de Menezes ◽  
Adenilson O. dos Santos ◽  
Shay Reboh ◽  
Eliermes A. Meneses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Semiconductor Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Surface Diffraction

Out-of-plane and primarily in-plane lattice strain distributions, along the two perpendicular crystallographic directions on the subsurface of a silicon layer with embedded FeSi2nanoparticles, were analyzed and resolved as a function of the synchrotron X-ray beam energy by using ω:φ mappings of the ({\overline 1}11) and (111) Bragg-surface diffraction peaks. The nanoparticles, synthesized by ion-beam-induced epitaxial crystallization of Fe+-implanted Si(001), were observed to have different orientations and morphologies (sphere- and plate-like nanoparticles) within the implanted/recrystallized region. The results show that the shape of the synthesized material singularly affects the surrounding Si lattice. The lattice strain distribution elucidated by the nonconventional X-ray Bragg-surface diffraction technique clearly exhibits an anisotropic effect, predominantly caused by plate-shaped nanoparticles. This type of refined detection reflects a key application of the method, which could be used to allow discrimination of strains in distorted semiconductor substrate layers.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Ginger Essential Oil β-Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Inclusion Complexes

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Li-Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (GEO/β-CD) composite, ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) particles and ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) microsphere were prepared with the methods of inclusion, ionic gelation and spray drying. Their properties were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the particle size of GEO/β-CD composite was smaller than that of β-CD and GEO/β-CD/CTS particles were loose and porous, while the microsphere obtained by spray drying had certain cohesiveness and small particle size. Besides, results also indicated that β-CD/CTS could modify properties and improve the thermal stability of GEO, which would improve its application value in food and medical industries.

X-ray Line Broadening Analysis of Tl-Superconducting Films

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
M. O. Eatough ◽  
D. S. Ginley ◽  
B. Morosin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Superconducting Films ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Sequential Electron

AbstractSuperconducting thin films (0.3-0.7μm) in the TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-0 system have been prepared on various single crystal substrates by sequential electron beam evaporation followed by appropriate sintering and annealing. Oxygen-annealed films show Tc as high as 110K and critical current densities to 600,000 A/cm2. X-ray diffraction analyses of these films show predominantly the Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu2O10 phase (c-parameter near 36Å), but some also contain up to 50 at% of the Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 phase (c-parameter near 30Å). The complete absence of hkl reflections other than 00I demonstrates the highly oriented nature of the films as well as the absence of other Tl phases. The diffraction peaks are noticeably broader for the 36Å phase than for the 30Å phase. For a 0.7μm film such broadening is consistent with coherent sizes along the c-axis of 1200 - 1400Å and 500Å, respectively, for the 30Å and 36Å phases, and of strain values near 1.4-1.8 x 10-3 for both phases.

X-Ray Diffraction Study of Shock-Modified Tetragonal Phases of SnO2 and MnO2

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 595-601
Author(s):  
P. Newcomer ◽  
B. Morosin ◽  
R. A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Shock Loading ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Line Profile Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressure Shock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Line Profile ◽  
Coherent Crystal

AbstractX-ray diffraction line-profile analysis on tetragonal forms of SnO2 (cassiterite), MnO2 (pyrolusite), and previously studied TiO2 (rutile), which were subjected to high pressure shock loading, show that residual lattice strain and coherent “crystal” size are a function of shock parameters. An interesting observation on a sample of MnO2 concerns the recovery of cubic Mn2O3 (bixbyite) in the material subjected to 22 GPa, indicating a shock-induced chemical synthesis.

CYCLIC IMPROVEMENT OF LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 POLYHEDRAL SPINELS FOR 5.0 V LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOYUN ZHAN ◽  
ZHAOHUI LI ◽  
JIAOJUN TANG ◽  
QIZHEN XIAO ◽  
GANGTIE LEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Highly crystallized and microsized particles of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinels with different morphologies have been successfully synthesized using polystyrene (PS) as the sacrificial template, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement. The spinels obtained at 700°C possess abundant porosity with about 200 nm in diameter, while the spinels calcined at 900°C exhibit a well-defined polyhedral morphology with particle size ranged from 0.2 to 2 μm. The materials prepared at 900°C display an excellent cycling performance due probably to better crystallinity and small particle size.

scholarly journals X-Ray Line Broadening Studies on Aluminum Nitride, Titanium Carbide and Titanium Diboride Modified by High Pressure Shock Loading

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morosin ◽  
R. A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressure Shock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Post Shock ◽  
Peak Pressures

ABSTRACTPowders of AlN, TiC and TiB2 have been subjected to controlled shock loading with peak pressures in the samples between 14 to 27 GPa and preserved for post-shock study. Broadened x-ray diffraction peak profiles are analyzed by a simplified method and show increases in residual lattice strain and small decreases in crystallite size. Strain values range from 10−5 to 10−4 for TiB2 and to values larger than 10−3 for TiC and AlN.

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