scholarly journals Common QTL Affect the Rate of Tomato Seed Germination under Different Stress and Nonstress Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid R. Foolad ◽  
Prakash Subbiah ◽  
Liping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Common Qtl ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rates of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions were under common genetic controls by examining quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting such traits. Seeds of BC1 progeny of a cross between a slow-germinating tomato breeding line and a rapid-germinating tomato wild accession were evaluated for germination under nonstress as well as cold, salt, and drought stress conditions. In each treatment, the most rapidly-germinating seeds were selected, grown to maturity, and subjected to molecular marker analysis. A selective genotyping approach detected between 6 and 9 QTL affecting germination rate under each of the four conditions, with a total of 14 QTL identified. Ten QTL affected germination rate under 2 or 3 conditions, which were considered germination-related common QTL. Four QTL affected germination rate only in one treatment, which were considered germination-related, condition-specific QTL . The results indicated that mostly the same QTL affected seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions, supporting a previous suggestion that similar physiological mechanisms contribute to rapid seed germination under different conditions. Marker-assisted selection for the common QTL may result in progeny with rapid seed germinability under different conditions.

scholarly journals Detrimental Effects of Blood Meal and Feather Meal on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Seed Germination

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Diaz-Perez ◽  
W. Keith Jenkins ◽  
Dharmalingam Pitchay ◽  
Gunawati Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
N Concentration

There is limited information on the effect of organic fertilizers on seed germination and subsequent transplant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of application rate of blood meal (BM) and feather meal (FM) fertilizers on germination of tomato seeds. Both organic fertilizers were applied as amendments to peat-based organic substrates at rates ranging from 0 to over 50 g·kg−1 N. Tomato ‘Brandywine’ seed were sown in trays. Seed germination was recorded daily until the germination percentage remained unchanged. Ammonia concentration in the substrates (Pro-Mix and Miracle-Gro) increased with increasing rate of substrate N concentration. Ammonia concentration also increased with increasing time after incorporation of BM and FM reaching maximum values (16 ppm) at day 9. Tomato seed germination was little affected at BM and FM rates lower than ≈3 g·kg−1 N (4% w/w for BM or FM), but declined above 3 g·kg−1 N reaching 0% germination rate at ≈14 g·kg−1 N for both BM and FM. Substrates pH was 5.9 in the absence of BM or FM and increased to about pH 7 with addition of low rates of BM (2.7 g·kg−1 N) and FM (2.6 g·kg−1 N). Substrate electrical conductivity (EC) increased with increasing substrate N concentration as supplied by BM and FM; FM, however, had a stronger effect on increasing EC compared with BM. In conclusion, BM and FM had inhibitory effects on tomato seed germination when applied at more than 3 g·kg−1 N (4% w/w for BM or FM). High ammonia concentration in the substrates for the first 2 weeks after incorporation of BM or FM likely caused, at least partially, inhibition of tomato seed germination. Thus, substrate mixed with BM or FM should be allowed to incubate for at least 2 weeks before planting tomato seed.

scholarly journals New insights into the role of cyanide in the promotion of seed germination in tomato

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Yu ◽  
Cui-Jiao Liu ◽  
Ye Peng ◽  
Zheng-Quan He ◽  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tomato Seed

Abstract Background Cyanide is a natural metabolite that exists widely in plants, and it is speculated to be involved in the regulation of various growth and development processes of plants in addition to being regarded as toxic waste. Previous studies have shown that exogenous cyanide treatment helps to improve seed germination, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Alisa Craig) was used as the material, and the effects of cyanide pretreatment at different concentrations on tomato seed germination were investigated. Results The results showed that exogenous application of a lower concentration of cyanide (10 μmol/L KCN) for 12 h strongly increased the tomato seed germination rate. RNA-Seq showed that compared with the control, a total of 15,418 differentially expressed genes (P<0.05) were obtained after pretreatment with KCN for 12 h, and in the next 12 h, a total of 13,425 differentially expressed genes (P<0.05) were regulated. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that exogenous KCN pretreatment was involved in regulating the expression (mainly downregulation) of seed storage proteins, thereby accelerating the degradation of stored proteins for seed germination. In addition, KCN pretreatment was also involved in stimulating glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, it is shown that KCN acted on the regulation of plant hormone biosynthesis and perception, i.e., down-regulated the gene expression of ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction, but up-regulated the expression of genes related to GA biosynthesis and response. Consistent with this, plant hormone measurements confirmed that the levels of ABA were reduced, but GA levels were induced after pretreatment with KCN. Conclusion These findings provide new insights into the regulation of seed germination by cyanide, that is cyanide-mediated seed germination occurs in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and is related to the mobilization of energy metabolism and the regulation of some plant hormone signals.

scholarly journals Effects of thermal pretreatment on the germination and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Thang ◽  
Tran Thanh Huong ◽  
Bui Trang Viet
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Germination And Growth

In this study, effects of thermal pretreatment on tomato seed germination and the plant development in drought stress conditions were studied. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the growth of tomato seedling were analyzed. Germination of tomato seeds was divided into three stages: water uptake, water saturation, and germination. Our experiments showed that mannitol at the concentration of 35 g/L induced drought stress. In drough stress condition, germination rate and radicle length were significantly decreased to approximately 50 %; and the thermal pretreatment (45°C) of seeds at the end of water saturation for 120 minutes helped in improving germination rate, the radicle differentiation, hypocotyl length and leaf numbers. Recovery effects of thermal pretreatment on seed germination and plant growth under drough stress coincided with the increase in respiratory rate, total sugar, protein, proline contents, and especially the content of IAA. In addition, our thermal pretreatment could also help to increase the number of flowers of studied plants.  

scholarly journals The effect of cryopreservation on germination of dandelion seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Martinková ◽  
A. Honěk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Germination Experiments ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Seed Cryopreservation

Germination experiments frequently use seeds that had been stored frozen. We investigated whether short, 5 day freezing changes percentage and rate of germination of seeds of dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> agg.). Seeds (<i>i</i>) collected at dispersal, (<i>ii</i>) dried at +50°C for 5 days, (<i>iii</i>) frozen at –20°C for 5 days, (<i>iv</i>) dried for 5 days and subsequently frozen for 5 days, and (<i>v</i>) frozen and subsequently dried, were then germinated at +10°C and a long-day photoperiod. None of the temperature pre-treatments affected the proportion of germinating seeds. By contrast, the time to germinate 50% of the seed (germination time) was shortened slightly (0.7 days) but significantly following the freezing treatment, regardless of whether it was applied without, before or after drying of the seed. Cryopreservation is therefore a convenient method of seed storage for comparative studies of seed germination because it causes no change in germination percentage and only a small and systematic change in germination rate.

scholarly journals THE DONORS OF DIVERSE FLOWER COLORS AND SHAPES OF SIBERIAN IRIS VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Z.V. Dolganova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flower Shape ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Color Purple ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The use of iris speciesI. sibiricaL., I. sanguineaDonn ex Hornem, and I. typhifoliaKitag in plant breeding allowed developing the varieties united in the Class of Siberian irises (SIB).The Siberian iris varieties with blue, violet andwhite flowers only are used in the landscaping of the Altai Region’s forest-steppe.The research goal was to identify the donors of new flower colors and shapes of the iris vari-eties of the Siberian class. In 2014, crossings were carried out in 12 combinations, and only 6 combinations produced germinating seeds (26.6-64.0%).The highest germination rate was obtained from crossing ‘Reddy Or Not’ × ‘Lemon Veil’ varieties; and seed germination from free pollination of these varieties was lower (14-24%).The number of seeds in one capsule was also higher in crosses than from free pollination.The hybrids of the Salamander Crossing culti-var were the first to bloom in the first ten-days of June; the ‘Lemon Veil’ varieties were the last in the third ten-days of June.A variety of colors and flower shapes were found in families of geographically distant varieties: ‘Liubimchik Altaya’ × ‘Sultan’s Ruby’ and ‘Reddy Or Not’ × ‘Lemon Veil’.Backcrosses were unsuccessful. In the ‘Liubimchik Altaya’ family × ‘Sultan’s Ruby’ the hybrids varied in flower shape (simple, double), in color (purple of different shades, blue, lilac, pink with different patterns) and height of pe-duncles (60-120 cm). Thepeduncles of hybrids in the ‘Reddy Or Not’ × ‘Lemon Veil’ family are equal in height (80-90 cm), original in color (purple, lilac, pink with different patterns in the form of strokes and dots) and flower shape. The varieties ‘Lyubimchik Altaya’ × ‘Sultan’s Ruby’ and ‘Reddy Or Not’ × ‘Lemon Veil’ were classified as donors of valuable traits.

scholarly journals Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽  
Morris Fanadzo ◽  
Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽  
Felix Nchu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE - GERMINATION RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / GERMINACION COMO REACCION A LA TEMPERATURA EN LOS GENOTIPOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / GERMINATION - RÉACTION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
F.M. Khalifa ◽  
A.A. Schneiter ◽  
E.I. El Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardinal Temperature

SUMMARY Seed germination of six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids was investigated across a range of eleven constant temperatures between 5°C and 45°C. Large temperature differences in germination rate 1/t (d-1), cardinal temperature (°C) and thermal time θ (°cd) were observed among hybrids. Base temperatures (Tb) varied between 3.3°C and 6.7°C whereas maximum germination temperatures (Tm) varied between 41.7°C and 48.9°C. Final germination fraction was attained at 15°C - 25°C whereas the maximum rate of germination was attained at 30.4°C - 35.6°C. The maximum germination rate of hybrid USDA 894, the cultivar with the slowest germination rate, was only 50% of that of hybrid EX 47. The low Tb and high Tm of sunflower appear to be one of the factors which explain the successful adaptation of sunflower to a wide range of temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the origin of the crop and its wide adaptations in diverse habitats and climatic zones.

scholarly journals Effect of Oak Tree Sawdust Fermentation Period on Peanut Seed Germination, Seedling Biomass, and Morphology

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Junsik Ahn ◽  
Soyeon Oh ◽  
Yang Joo Kang ◽  
KiBum Kim ◽  
Sung-Kwon Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were germinated to investigate the effect of the fermentation period of oak tree sawdust on germination viability and seedling characteristics. Its germination rate, seedling weight, length, and total vigor index were assessed. The seeds were sown in oak tree sawdust fermented for 0, 30, 45, and 60 days. The germination rates of the seeds in fermented sawdust were significantly different. The seeds in the 45-day fermented sawdust produced the heaviest biomass weight (4.6 g) with the longest true leaf (1.7 cm) and hypocotyl (3.4 cm) resulting in the highest total vigor index (925.8). In contrast, seeds in 0-day fermented sawdust had the lowest total vigor index (18.3). Microbiome analysis showed that the microbial community in the sawdust changed as the fermentation progressed, indicating that the microbial community seems to affect seed germination physiology. Taken together, 45-day fermented sawdust is recommended for optimal peanut seed germination and seedling growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document