scholarly journals MicroRNA as a Novel Modulator in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hsin Chen ◽  
Kun-Ling Tsai ◽  
Yi-Wei Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chia Yu ◽  
Kuo-Wei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Differential Ability

MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of cell proliferation, development, cancer formation, stress responses, cell death, and other physiological conditions in the past decade. On the other hand, head and neck cancer is one of the top ten most common cancers worldwide. Recent advances in microRNAs have revealed their prominent role in regulating gene expression and provided new aspects of applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous carcinoma. In the present paper, we focus on microRNAs showing significant differences between normal and tumor cells or between cells with differential ability of metastasis. We also emphasize specific microRNAs that could modulate tumor cell properties, such as apoptosis, metastasis, and proliferation. These microRNAs possess the potential to be applied on clinical therapy in the future.

scholarly journals Contribution of the CK2 Catalytic Isoforms α and α’ to the Glycolytic Phenotype of Tumor Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Francesca Zonta ◽  
Christian Borgo ◽  
Camila Paz Quezada Meza ◽  
Ionica Masgras ◽  
Andrea Rasola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
New Information

CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase overexpressed in many cancers. It is usually present in cells as a tetrameric enzyme, composed of two catalytic (α or α’) and two regulatory (β) subunits, but it is active also in its monomeric form, and the specific role of the different isoforms is largely unknown. CK2 phosphorylates several substrates related to the uncontrolled proliferation, motility, and survival of cancer cells. As a consequence, tumor cells are addicted to CK2, relying on its activity more than healthy cells for their life, and exploiting it for developing multiple oncological hallmarks. However, little is known about CK2 contribution to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells. With this study we aimed at shedding some light on it, especially focusing on the CK2 role in the glycolytic onco-phenotype. By analyzing neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma cell lines depleted of either one (α) or the other (α’) CK2 catalytic subunit, we also aimed at disclosing possible pro-tumor functions which are specific of a CK2 isoform. Our results suggest that both CK2 α and α’ contribute to cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity. The analyzed metabolic features disclosed a role of CK2 in tumor metabolism, and suggest prominent functions for CK2 α isoform. Results were also confirmed by CK2 pharmacological inhibition. Overall, our study provides new information on the mechanism of cancer cells addiction to CK2 and on its isoform-specific functions, with fundamental implications for improving future therapeutic strategies based on CK2 targeting.

scholarly journals Management of HPV-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Pitfalls and Caveat

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Francesco Caponigro ◽  
Fabio Sandomenico ◽  
Agostino Guida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Management Of Hpv

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a very heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the upper aerodigestive tract. They show different clinical behaviors depending on their origin site and genetics. Several data support the existence of at least two genetically different types of HNSCC, one virus-related and the other alcohol and/or tobacco and oral trauma-related, which show both clinical and biological opposite features. In fact, human papillomavirus (HPV)-related HNSCCs, which are mainly located in the oropharynx, are characterized by better prognosis and response to therapies when compared to HPV-negative HNSCCs. Interestingly, virus-related HNSCC has shown a better response to conservative (nonsurgical) treatments and immunotherapy, opening questions about the possibility to perform a pretherapy assessment which could totally guide the treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize molecular differences and similarities between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC, highlighting their impact on clinical behavior and on therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals A role for COX2-derived PGE2 and PGE2-receptor subtypes in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell proliferation

Oral Oncology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Correa Abrahao ◽  
Rogerio M. Castilho ◽  
Cristiane H. Squarize ◽  
Alfredo A. Molinolo ◽  
Decio dos Santos-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Pge2 Receptor ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma Cell

Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis in Two Chinese Patients, One Typical and One Unusual

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Shen ◽  
C.-H. Ou ◽  
T.-F. Tsao ◽  
M.-C. Wu ◽  
Y.-S. Tyan
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis ◽  
Unusual Distribution ◽  
Madelung Disease ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
History Of

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL; Madelung disease) is an uncommon disorder with diffuse multiple symmetrical unencapsulated accumulations of fat located in the neck and the upper trunk. MSL usually occurs in middle aged Caucasian men of Mediterranean ancestry with a history of alcoholism. In the past decade, an increasing number of cases in the Chinese population have been reported which appear to be limited to the head and neck regions. We describe two Chinese patients with MSL who have a history of alcoholism. The MR and CT findings disclosed that one patient had the typical accumulation of unencapsulated fat in the neck and upper back, while the other patient had more than the typical neck involvement and an unusual distribution of fat in the scrotum.

ICAM-5 (telencephalin) gene expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma tumorigenesis and perineural invasion!

Oral Oncology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Maruya ◽  
J.N. Myers ◽  
R.S. Weber ◽  
D.I. Rosenthal ◽  
R. Lotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma

scholarly journals Neuronal cholesterol synthesis is essential for repair of chronically demyelinated lesions in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Berghoff ◽  
Lena Spieth ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Leon Hosang ◽  
Constanze Depp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions

Astrocyte-derived cholesterol supports brain cells under physiological conditions. However, in demyelinating lesions, astrocytes downregulate cholesterol synthesis and the cholesterol that is essential for remyelination has to originate from other cellular sources. Here, we show that repair following acute versus chronic demyelination involves distinct processes. In particular, we found that in chronic myelin disease, when recycling of lipids is often defective, de novo neuronal cholesterol synthesis is critical for regeneration. By gene expression profiling, genetic loss of function experiments and comprehensive phenotyping, we provide evidence that neurons increase cholesterol synthesis in chronic myelin disease models and MS patients. In mouse models, neuronal cholesterol facilitated remyelination specifically by triggering OPC proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of disease progression and have implications for therapeutic strategies in MS patients.

scholarly journals Fifteen mRNA-lncRNA expression-based signature predicted the survival of late-staged head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Ren ◽  
Huaping Li ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Yuhui Xu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: Gene expression is necessary for regulation in almost all biological processes, at the same time, it is related to the prognosis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The prognosis of late-staged HNSCC is important because of its guiding significance on the therapy strategies. Methods: In this work, we analyzed the relationship between gene expression and HNSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, and optimized the panel with random forest survival analysis. Subsequently, a Cox multivariate regression-based model was developed to predict the clinical outcome of HNSCC. The performance of the model was assayed in the training cohort and validated in another three independent cohorts (GSE41614, E-TABM-302, E-MTAB-1328). The underlying pathways significantly associated with the model were identified. According to the results, patients of low-score group (median survival months: 27.4, 95% CI: 18.2–43) had a significant poor survival than those of high-score group (median survival months: 69.4, 95% CI: 58.7–72.1, P=2.7e-5), and the observation was repeatable in the other validation cohorts. Further analysis revealed that the model performed better than the other clinical indicators and is independent of these indicators. Results: Comparison revealed that the model performed better than existing models for late HNSCC prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) elucidated that the model was significantly associated with various cell processes and pathways.

scholarly journals Small GTPase Rab3B: biological properties and possible role in carcinogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
A. A. Budko ◽  
P. A. Khesina ◽  
L. M. Diakov ◽  
N. L. Lazarevich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Guanosine Triphosphate ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Transformation Processes

Proteins of the superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase (GTPase) perform various functions: from the control of cell proliferation to the regulation of vesicular transport. The superfamily of small GTPase Ras includes more than 150 proteins, devided to 5 major families (Arf, Ran, Rho, Ras and Rab), and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Compared to the other families, the Rab family was investigated by relatively small number studies, which does not equally reflect their role in malignant transformation processes. In our review  we have focused on both the subfamily Rab3 and its poorly investigated member Rab3B. Recent findings allow to consider Rab3B not only  as a promising diagnostic or prognostic marker for several types of neoplasms, but also is a potential target for antitumor therapy. Our analysis of publicly available transcriptional databases revealed that kidney, lung and liver cancer patients with low Rab3B gene expression demonstrate a better overall five-year survival.

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