scholarly journals Yield of Smear Microscopy and Radiological Findings of Male and Female Patients with Tuberculosis in Abuja, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovett Lawson ◽  
Mohammed A. Yassin ◽  
Alex N. Onuoha ◽  
Andrew Ramsay ◽  
Rachel R. M. Anderson de Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. To describe the yield of smear-microscopy and radiological findings by male and female patients with symptoms of tuberculosis in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods. Patients ≥15 years old with cough for >3 weeks submitted 3 sputum samples for smear microscopy. One specimen was cultured using MGIT-960. All patients had lung X-rays and screened for HIV.Results. were more likely to be smear-positive than females (262/774 [34%] and 137/547 [25%],P<.01), but similar proportions of males and females were culture-positive (437/691 [63%] and 294/495 [59%],P=.09). 317/626 (50.6%) males and 249/419 (59.4%) females were HIV-positive (P<.005). Among culture-positives patients, HIV-infected males were less likely to have positive smears than HIV-negative males (49.2% versus 66%,P=.001). Among females, smear positivity did not vary with HIV (46.4% for HIV-positive and 52.9% for HIV-negative,P=.38). Of 274 culture-confirmed TB cases, 226 (82.5%) had cavities, and 271 (99%) had ≥1 lung areas affected. HIV-positive males were more likely to have lung cavities than HIV-positive females (85% versus 69%,P<.04) and to have ≥3 lung areas affected (P=.03).Conclusion. Differences in the yield of smear-microscopy, culture and X-rays on presentation are due to several factors including HIV coinfection and gender.

scholarly journals Radiological Findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with and Without HIV Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhiana binti Hassan ◽  
Haziq Hussaini bin Fauzi ◽  
Kamil Irsyad bin Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Faizol bin Mohd Satar ◽  
Hafizah bt Pasi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Radiological Manifestation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients is different with HIV negative patients. We aim to determine the differences in chest radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV and non-HIV infected patients in HTAA. Materials and method: A retrospective study was conducted in Chest Clinic, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang. There were 101 chest radiographs with sputum smear-positive retrieved and reviewed. Socio-demographic status and chest radiographs findings were documented and analyzed. Results: Of the 101 patients, 12 patients were HIV positive. Of the 89 HIV negative patients, 96% had consolidation change on chest radiograph, in contrast with HIV positive patients, only 4% among them had this appearance and this is statistically significant (p value less than 0.05). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is significantly higher (17%) in HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative patients (1%). Normal chest radiographs were more common in HIV positive patients (33%) as compared to HIV negative patients (2%). Conclusion: HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibit different radiological manifestation on chest radiograph when compared to HIV negative patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of Male and Female Patients in Louisiana Medical Marijuana Dispensaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
H. Raymond Allen ◽  
Doug Boudreaux ◽  
Jeffrey N. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females

Relatively little is known in terms of patient demographics, indications, previous cannabis use, or the forms and dosages of medical marijuana (MM) dispensed for patients at MM dispensaries. Even less is known in terms of how male and female patients may differ in each of these aspects. The goal of the current study was to examine each of these variables using a retrospective analysis of deidentified patient data from MM dispensaries in Louisiana. Deidentified data were analyzed from web-based pharmacist–patient consultations at MM dispensaries throughout Louisiana. Data were collected during the first 6 months following the initiation of the MM dispensing program in Louisiana. A total of 1195 MM patients (598 male/597 female) were included in the analyses. The average age of the sample was 51.9 years (±14.8) and it was composed primarily of white patients (86.7%). Males and females were nearly identical in terms of average age, race, previous cannabis use, indication profile, and MM recommendations. Differences between males and females were observed in terms of opioid use, history of psychosis, presence of more than one indication, and the duration of previous cannabis use. Our data indicate that, in MM dispensaries of the Deep South state, there are numerous similarities—and some potentially important differences—between male and female MM patients. The importance of these differences, and the importance of continued data collection/analysis, for improving MM dispensing are discussed.

scholarly journals Liver Damage in Patients with HCV/HIV Coinfection Is Linked to HIV-Related Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Huang ◽  
Hua Liang ◽  
Xueying Fan ◽  
Liyan Zhu ◽  
Tao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Liver Ultrasound ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Hcv Coinfection ◽  
Hiv Negative

HIV infection aggravates the progression of liver damage in HCV-coinfected patients, with the underlying pathogenesis being multifactorial. Although high level of oxidative stress has been observed frequently in patients infected with HIV or HCV, the status of oxidative stress in HIV/HCV coinfection and its contribution to HCV liver damage have not been determined. This study involved 363 HBsAg-negative, anti-HCV-positive former blood donors recruited from a village in central China in July 2005; of these, 140 were positive for HIV. Of these 363 subjects, 282 were successfully followed up through July 2009. HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects had higher rates of end-stage liver disease-related death than those monoinfected with HCV. Liver ultrasound manifestations were poor in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative individuals, in both chronic HCV carriers and those with resolved HCV. Serum concentrations of total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSSG, and reduced GSH were higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative subjects. GSSG concentrations were higher in HIV-infected subjects with abnormal ALT/AST levels than in those with normal ALT/AST levels and were associated with poorer liver ultrasound manifestations. These finding indicated that HIV infection accelerated HCV-associated liver damage in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. Increased oxidative stress, induced primarily by HIV coinfection, may contribute to aggravated liver damage.

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

FEMALES HAVE EARLIER DISEASE ONSET THAN MALES AMONG HLA-CW6 POSITIVE PSORIASIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Behra
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Males And Females

Background- Psoriasis is a chronic inammatory relapsing skin disorder. Environmental and genetic factors play an important role in the development of disease. HLA-Cw6 most strongly associated with disease. There is also a difference in HLA-Cw6 positivity in respect to gender, which affect occurrence of disease in males and females. Aims & Objectives- This study was aimed to determine the association of HLA-Cw6 positive and negative psoriasis individuals had any signicant differences in respect to disease onset among male and female Materials & Methods- An Institute based Cross sectional study was done in a tertiary care center in eastern India. All patients attending skin OPD were included in the study. Detailed history and blood samples were collected from patients. HLA-Cw6 typing has done by sequence-specic PCR method. Results- HLA-Cw6 positive female patients had a signicantly early age of onset than male patients (p value-0.009334) (20.88 vs. 27.91yr), while HLA-Cw6 negative patients did not show any signicant difference of age of onset between male and female ( p value- 0.406905) Conclusion- Although men are more commonly affected than female, HLA-Cw6 positive psoriasis female patients show earlier disease onset. This results show that genetic variations in terms of HLA-Cw6 are reected in the age of onset among males and females.

scholarly journals Separate patient serum sodium medians from males and females provide independent information on analytical bias

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Ingemann Hansen ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Flemming Lund ◽  
Callum G. Fraser ◽  
György Sölétormos
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Analytical Stability ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Maximum Bias ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackground:During monitoring of monthly medians of results from patients undertaken to assess analytical stability in routine laboratory performance, the medians for serum sodium for male and female patients were found to be significantly related.Methods:Daily, weekly and monthly patient medians of serum sodium for both male and female patients were calculated from results obtained on samples from the population >18 years on three analysers in the hospital laboratory. The half-range of medians was applied as an estimate of the maximum bias. Further, the ratios between the two medians were calculated.Results:The medians of both genders demonstrated dispersions over time, but they were closely connected in like patterns, which were confirmed by the half-range of the ratios of medians for males and females that varied from 0.36% for daily, 0.14% for weekly and 0.036% for monthly ratios over all instruments.Conclusions:The tight relationship between the gender medians for serum sodium is only possible when raw laboratory data are used for calculation. The two patient medians can be used to confirm both and are useful as independent estimates of analytical bias during constant calibration periods. In contrast to the gender combined median, the estimate of analytical bias can be confirmed further by calculation of the ratios of medians for males and females.

scholarly journals Association of Subpubic Angle Measurement with Age and Gender in a Group of Adult Sudanese Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Awad ◽  
Rabab Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Background: The measurement of the subpubic angle (SPA) has been used for determining gender with a high degree of accuracy in various ethnic groups. This measurement can also be helpful in forensic and physical anthropology. The aim of this study was to compare the SPA in different adult age groups (males and females) and to use the SPA to estimate the demarking point (DP) for the determination of gender. Methods: This study included 158 subjects – 59 male and 99 female. The SPA was measured electronically using antero-posterior pelvis X-rays. Measurements were taken retrospectively using the Picture Archiving and Communication System.  SPA measurements were compared between the male and female participants  in different adult age groups. To determine the gender, the DP was calculated from the means of SPA in male and female participants.   Results: A comparison of the means of SPA between males and females showed that females (134.94 ± 15.33º)  had wider SPA than males (105.88 ± 10.33) with a significant difference (P = 0.012). While a DP > 126.5 is most likely indicative of a female pelvis, a DP < 104.3 is indicative of a male pelvis. The accuracy levels based on the measured DP of participants in this study were 45.8% and 69.7% for males and females, respectively. Besides, with regards to age, the mean values for different age groups in males and females were statistically insignificant (P-values were 0.21 and 0.75, respectively).   Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the variations in the measurements of the SPA from pelvic X-rays can be used to determine gender. The calculated SPA range and DP were found to predict female gender with higher accuracy. Age was not associated with any notable differences in SPA measurements. Keywords: subpubic angle, pelvis, Sudanese, sex differences 

Gender and the underexpression of friendliness in the service context

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Luong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe double-bind hypothesis proposes that gender-based stereotypes of emotion expression exist, which effect how males and females are evaluated. Using videotapes depicting transactions between male/female employees and customers, the current study examined whether the double-bind hypothesis occurs within a service context. Participants (N = 141) who viewed a male and female service employee expressing friendly or non-friendly emotion evaluated the employees and rated their sincerity. Results provided partial support for the double-bind hypothesis. When service employees failed to express friendly emotion, the female was more negatively evaluated. However, evaluations and ratings of sincerity were not significantly different when both genders expressed friendly emotion. These findings suggest that employees occupy both work and gender roles, and expectations of each role will influence how their emotional expressions are evaluated. Gender of participants also effected service evaluations. Consistent with prior research, females focus more on the relational aspect of service than do males.

scholarly journals Differences between Male and Female Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Multiethnic Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
TZE CHIN TAN ◽  
HONG FANG ◽  
LAURENCE S. MAGDER ◽  
MICHELLE A. PETRI
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
African American ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
And Gender

Objective.Male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to be similar to female patients with SLE, but key clinical characteristics may differ. Comparisons were made between male and female patients with SLE in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.Methods.A total of 1979 patients in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were included in the analysis.Results.The cohort consisted of 157 men (66.2% white, 33.8% African American) and 1822 women (59.8% white, 40.2% African American). The mean followup was 6.02 years (range 0–23.73). Men were more likely than women to have disability, hypertension, thrombosis, and renal, hematological, and serological manifestations. Men were more likely to be diagnosed at an older age and to have a lower education level. Women were more likely to have malar rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, alopecia, Raynaud’s phenomenon, or arthralgia. Men were more likely than women to have experienced end organ damage including neuropsychiatric, renal, cardiovascular, peripheral vascular disease, and myocardial infarction, and to have died. In general, differences between males and females were more numerous and striking in whites, especially with respect to lupus nephritis, abnormal serologies, and thrombosis.Conclusion.Our study suggests that there are major clinical differences between male and female patients with SLE. Differences between male and female patients also depend on ethnicity. Future SLE studies will need to consider both ethnicity and gender to understand these differences.

Segregation, Innocence, and Gender Construction

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-106
Author(s):  
Tom O’Donoghue ◽  
Judith Harford
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Church

The Catholic Church ensured its teachers operated the secondary schools in such a manner that the sexes were segregated. That it did partly because of its view that if there were not appropriate safeguards, young people would readily engage in sexual relations before marriage, a practice considered gravely sinful. Thus, it promoted single-sex education to minimize threats in this regard. Equally, it promoted it to perpetuate the domestication of women and to encourage students, both male and female, to join the religious life, a matter dealt with in detail in the next chapter. For the same reasons, the Catholic bishops and the schools’ authorities also frowned on the provision of sex education. The Church also operated the secondary schools to construct as it desired those Irish Catholic males and females it recognized were not going to enter religious life.

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