scholarly journals Maintenance of Weight Loss in Adolescents: Current Status and Future Directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Butryn ◽  
Thomas A. Wadden ◽  
Margaret R. Rukstalis ◽  
Chanelle Bishop-Gilyard ◽  
Melissa S. Xanthopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Effectiveness Data

There is a dearth of research on the long-term efficacy and safety of treatments for adolescent obesity. This narrative review examined several approaches to treatment, focusing on long-term effectiveness data in adolescents, as well as relevant findings from studies of adults. The available research suggests that lifestyle modification has promise in obese adolescents, although it is not clear that any particular dietary or physical activity approach is more effective than another. Meal replacements are quite effective in adults and deserve further research in adolescents. Extending the length of treatment to teach weight loss maintenance skills is likely to improve long-term outcomes in adolescents, and delivering treatment via the Internet or telephone is a novel way of doing so. Treatment that combines lifestyle modification with the medication orlistat generally appears to be safe but only marginally superior to lifestyle modification alone. More research is needed on the management of adolescent obesity, which has been overlooked when compared with research on the treatment of obesity in children and adults.

scholarly journals Treatment of Obesity in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L Matson ◽  
Renee M Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss Medications ◽  
Obesity In Children

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity continues to rise in the United States (US). Immediate health consequences are being observed, and long-term risks are mounting within the pediatric population, secondary to obesity. The hallmark of prevention and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents includes lifestyle modification (i.e., dietary modification, increased physical activity, and behavioral modifications). However, when intensive lifestyle modification is insufficient to reach weight loss goals, adjunctive pharmacotherapy is recommended. Among the group of weight-loss medications, orlistat is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescription drug for the treatment of overweight and obese adolescents. Other medications, including metformin, need larger studies to establish their role in treatment. No single approach to management of pediatric obesity is the answer, given the complexity of the disorder and the many reasons for failure. Evidence of weight loss medications in addition to lifestyle modification supports short-term efficacy for treatment of obese children and adolescents, although long-term results remain unclear.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor: Update on Long-Term Outcomes, Target Considerations and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3468
Author(s):  
Naomi I. Kremer ◽  
Rik W. J. Pauwels ◽  
Nicolò G. Pozzi ◽  
Florian Lange ◽  
Jonas Roothans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is one of the main advanced neurosurgical treatments for drug-resistant tremor. However, not every patient may be eligible for this procedure. Nowadays, various other functional neurosurgical procedures are available. In particular cases, radiofrequency thalamotomy, focused ultrasound and radiosurgery are proven alternatives to DBS. Besides, other DBS targets, such as the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) or the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT), may be appraised as well. In this review, the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of tremor syndromes, as well as long-term outcomes of DBS in different targets, will be summarized. The effectiveness and safety of lesioning procedures will be discussed, and an evidence-based clinical treatment approach for patients with drug-resistant tremor will be presented. Lastly, the future directions in the treatment of severe tremor syndromes will be elaborated.

scholarly journals A Historical Overview Upon the Use of Amphetamine Derivatives in the Treatment of Obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ștefana Stăcescu ◽  
Gabriel Hancu ◽  
Denisa Podar ◽  
Ștefania Todea ◽  
Amelia Tero-Vescan
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Amphetamine Derivatives ◽  
The One

Relatively few medications are available for the management of obesity and all are indicated as adjuncts to increased physical activity, caloric restriction and lifestyle modification. Among different weight-loss drugs, the most intriguing and controversial class is the one of anorexic amphetamines, due to their high efficiency but also relevant side-effects. Several previously approved anorexic amphetamines like fenfluramine, phenylpropanolamine, phenmetrazine and sibutramine have been withdrawn from the market due to unanticipated adverse effects. Nowadays only four amphetamine derivatives are approved for short-term treatment of obesity: amfepramone, benzphetamine, phendimetrazine and phentermine. The article provides an overview of both the history, and the current status, of the use of amphetamine derivatives in the obesity pharmacotherapy. J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 75-82.

First‐year weight loss following gastric band surgery predicts long‐term outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Carvalho Silveira ◽  
Gabrielle Maranga ◽  
Fernanda Mitchell ◽  
Brittany A. Nowak ◽  
Christine J. Ren‐Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Band ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

Abstract 12368: Impact of Weight Trends on Long-term Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Obese Patients

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Bunch ◽  
Heidi T May ◽  
Tami L Bair ◽  
Victoria Jacobs ◽  
Brian G Crandall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Af Recurrence

Introduction: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is an established therapeutic rhythm approach in symptomatic patients. Obesity is a dominant driver of AF recurrence after ablation. Weight reduction strategies lower general AF burden and as such may be critical to long-term success rates after ablation. Hypothesis: Long-term outcomes after AF ablation will be better in obese patients with sustained weight loss. Methods: All patients that underwent an index ablation with a BMI recorded and >30 kg/m 2 and at least 3 years of follow-up were included (n=407). The group was separated and compared by weight trends over the 3 years (1. Lost >3% of index weight, n=141; 2. Maintained index weight ±3%, n=147; 3. Gained >3% of index weight at 3 years, n=119). Long-term outcomes included AF recurrence and a composite defined as major adverse clinical events, MACE (stroke/TIA, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, and death). Results: The average age was 63.6±10.4 years, 59.3% were male and 51.7% had paroxysmal AF. AF comorbidities include: hypertension (79.5%), heart failure (36.0%), sleep apnea (35.2%), diabetes (28.9%), and stroke/TIA (5.9%). Those that maintained their weight (HR: 1.45, p=0.05) and those that gained weight (HR 1.54, p=0.07) were more likely to have AF recurrence compared to those that lost weight. Similarly, MACE increased from 18.4% in those that lost weight at 3 years compared to 18.6% (HR 1.32, p=0.29) in those that maintained their weight and 26.5% in those that gained weight (HR 2.01, p=0.02). A small group of patients (n=5), lost >3% then gained it back and ultimately increased their weight by 3%. This group had the highest rates of AF recurrence (100%). Conclusion: Maintained weight loss is a critical component in reducing AF recurrence rates after index catheter ablation in obese patients. Sustained weight loss also results in a reduction in AF-related comorbidities and mortality.

Treatment of Severe Gynecomastia After Massive Weight Loss: Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes Measured with the Italian Version of the BODY-Q

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1506-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barone ◽  
A. Cogliandro ◽  
E. Tsangaris ◽  
R. Salzillo ◽  
M. Morelli Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Loss Analysis

scholarly journals Current status of hepatic glycogen storage disease in Japan: clinical manifestations, treatments and long-term outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kido ◽  
Kimitoshi Nakamura ◽  
Shirou Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroshi Mitsubuchi ◽  
Toshihiro Ohura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Storage Disease ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

ADHD and reading disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik G. Willcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Reading Disorder ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed ◽  
Shared Genetic

This chapter provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the frequency, implications, and aetiology of comorbidity between ADHD and reading disorder (RD), a common childhood disorder that is defined by significant underachievement in reading. Results from community studies indicate that 20–50% of individuals with ADHD also meet criteria for RD, and the presence of comorbid RD is associated with increased functional impairment and less positive long-term outcomes. Family and twin studies indicate that RD and ADHD are both significantly familial and heritable, and multivariate analyses indicate that nearly all of the phenotypic covariance between RD and ADHD is due to shared genetic influences that are associated with slower and more variable cognitive processing speed. Key future directions include studies that incorporate a broader range of measures of reading and more sophisticated neuropsychological and neuroimaging phenotypes, along with studies of the treatment implications of comorbidity between ADHD and RD.

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