scholarly journals Determination of Energy Characteristic and Microporous Volume by Immersion Calorimetry in Carbon Monoliths

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Diana P. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Immersion Enthalpy ◽  
Immersion Calorimetry ◽  
Experimental Enthalpy ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths ◽  
Calculated Enthalpy

Activated carbon monoliths disc and honeycomb type were prepared by chemical activation of coconut shell with zinc chloride at different concentrations, without using a binder. The structures were characterized by N2adsorption at 77 K and immersion calorimetry into benzene. The experimental results showed that the activation with zinc chloride produces a wide microporous development, with micropore volume between 0,38 and 0,79 cm3g-1, apparent BET surface area between 725 and 1523 m2g-1and immersion enthalpy between 73,5 and 164,2 Jg-1. We compared the experimental enthalpy with calculated enthalpy by equation Stoeckli-Kraehenbuehl finding a data dispersion from which can infer that the structures are not purely microporous; this fact is ratified with similar behavior that the evidence t the product EoWo.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Monoliths with Potential Application as Phenol Adsorbents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paola Vargas-Delgadillo ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Immersion Calorimetry ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of different activated carbons of both honeycomb and disc type were prepared by chemical activation of coconut shells with zinc chloride at different concentrations, without the use of a binder. The structures were characterized by N2adsorption at 77 K and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and also some samples were characterized by immersion calorimetry in benzene. These were subsequently used in the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution. The experimental results indicat that activation with zinc chloride produced a large development of microporosity with a micropore volume of 0.38 to 0.79 cm3g-1, BET area between 725 and 1523 m2g-1and the capacity to adsorb phenol. In addition, the BET and Langmuir models were applied to isotherm data.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-modified nanoporous activated carbon from eucalyptus leaves for ultrasound-assisted removal of basic dyes using derivative spectrophotometric method

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisan Khaligh ◽  
Zavvar Mousavi ◽  
Alimorad Rashidi ◽  
Hamid Shirkhanloo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Nanoporous Activated Carbon

The nanoporous activated carbon (AC) was prepared from the eucalyptus leaves via chemical activation with KOH, then treated with nitric acid/ /urea (NOAC) and finally used as a new adsorbent for simultaneous ultrasound- assisted removal of basic red 46 (BR46) and basic yellow 13 (BY13) dyes from binary aqueous solutions. The NOAC nano-adsorbent was characterized with SEM, TEM, Raman, BET, FTIR, CHN, pHpzc and Boehm titration analysis. Both of the AC and NOAC samples had superior BET surface area of 2222 and 1572 m2 g-1 with average micropore volume of 0.81 and 0.50 cm3 g-1, respectively. First order derivative spectrophotometric method was used for analysis of BY13 in binary mixtures. Small amount of the adsorbent (30 mg) was capable to remove high percentage of dyes (>99 %) in a very short time (8 min). The adsorption of dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo- -second-order kinetics. The adsorption capacities of NOAC for single solutions of BR46 and BY13 were 1111 and 1250 mg g-1 as well as for binary solutions were 769 and 909 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics were also explored. Exhausted NOAC was regenerated using HCl (2 M) and reused for five adsorption-desorption cycles with high performance.

Preparation and Characterization of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jun Tang ◽  
Chao Ping Cen ◽  
Ping Fang ◽  
Yang Ming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

In this study, a sewage sludge-base activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by means of ZnCl2 chemical activation-pyrolysis-carbonization. Different factors such as activated temperature, activators, additives, sludge/activation solution ratio, activated time and other factors which affecting SSAC characteristics were studied to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. The result shows that when using 3mol/L zinc chloride with the ratio of zinc chloride to sulfuric acid as 10:1(v/v), activated at 550°C with the ratio of sludge to activation solution as 1:4(w/v) for 1 hour of pyrolysis and the rate of N2 was set at 0.5L/min, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the SSAC was 469.80m2/g, 0.16cm3/g and 2.60nm respectively. Using SSAC to treat simulating wastewater containing 100mg(Ni2+)/L, the removal rate of Ni2+ was 20.59% with the adsorption capacity of 10.57mg/g. When the pH>10.5 the removal efficiency approached 100%.

scholarly journals CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Behavior of Biomass Based Activated Carbons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deneb Peredo-Mancilla ◽  
Imen Ghouma ◽  
Cecile Hort ◽  
Camelia Matei Ghimbeu ◽  
Mejdi Jeguirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Ch4 Adsorption ◽  
Oxygen Groups ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of the present study is to provide new insights into the CO2 and CH4 adsorption using a set of biomass-based activated carbons obtained by physical and chemical activation of olive-stones. The adsorption behavior is analyzed by means of pure gas adsorption isotherms up to 3.2 MPa at two temperatures (303.15 and 323.15 K).The influence of the activation method on the adsorption uptake is studied in terms of both textural properties and surface chemistry. For three activated carbons the CO2 adsorption was more important than that of CH4. The chemically activation resulted in higher BET surface area and micropore volume that lead to higher adsorption for both CO2 and CH4. For methane the presence of mesopores seems to facilitate the access of the gas molecules into the micropores while for carbon dioxide, the presence of oxygen groups enhanced the adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

Study on the Preparation and Amplification Experiment of Al-Pillared Montmorillonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1440-1445
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Chun Jie Yan ◽  
Jin Feng Shou ◽  
Juan Mei ◽  
Nan Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Commercial Aluminium ◽  
Major Factors

A method of preparation and pilot scale production of Al-pillared montmorillonite has been developed. There is a minimum of time and amount of liquid. And it is simpler to operate than the conventional method of pillaring by using the commercial aluminium hydroxychloride(PAC) powder as the pillaring agent. Here, the effect of the major factors such as the mass ratio of PAC to montmorillonite, the concentration of montmorillonite slurry, the sodium agent pretreatment, washing times and drying temperature on the Al-pillared montmorillonite are studied. Then the optimal technical parameters is determined. XRD, BET surface area and micropore volume are applied in order to study the structure and properties of Al-pillared montmorillonite. As a result, the amplification experiment under the optimum conditions shows that this method offers the potential for extension to an industrial-scale process.

scholarly journals Effective Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Equilibrium Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ali Q. Alorabi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposite ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic

In this work, magnetized activated Juniperus procera leaves (Fe3O4@AJPL) were successfully prepared via chemical activation of JPL and in situ coprecipitation with Fe3O4. A Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite was successfully applied for the elimination of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous media. The prepared Fe3O4@AJPL adsorbent was characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and BET surface area analyses. The BET surface area and pore size of the Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite were found to be 38.44 m2/g and 10.6 nm, respectively. The XRD and FTIR results indicated the formation of a Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite. Different parameters, such as pH of the solution (3–8), adsorbent dosage (10–100 mg), temperature (25–45°C), contact time (5-240 min), and initial MG concentrations (20–350 mg/L), for the elimination of the MG dye using Fe3O4@AJPL were optimized and found to be 7, 50 mg, 45°C, 120 min, and 150 mg/L, respectively. The nonlinear isotherm and kinetic studies exhibited a better fitting to second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 318.3 mg/g at 45°C, which was highly superior to the previously reported magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents. EDX analyses confirmed the presence of nitrogen on the Fe3O4@AJPL surface after MG adsorption. The calculated thermodynamic factors indicated endothermic and spontaneous processes. The desorption of MG dye from Fe3O4@AJPL was performed using a solution of 90% ethanol. Finally, it could be concluded that the designed Fe3O4@AJPL magnetic nanocomposite will be a cost-effective and promising adsorbent for the elimination of MG from aqueous media.

scholarly journals Conversion of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes into adsorbents for pharmaceutical drugs

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Anca Cruceanu ◽  
Monica Alexandra Vaideanu ◽  
Rodica Zavoianu ◽  
Elena Bacalum ◽  
Octavian Dumitru Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Boehm Titration ◽  
The One ◽  
Amoxicillin Removal

Lignocellulosic agricultural wastes e.g. corn cobs, straws and corn stalks were converted into carbonaceous adsorbents using a sequence of thermal and chemical activation processes. The derived solids obtained after each type of activation were characterized by determination of fix carbon content, iodine number, Boehm titration and DRIFT spectrometry. The results obtained at the adsorption tests were well correlated to those of the characterization, showing that the most promising adsorbents for amoxicillin removal were those submitted to a thermal treatment followed by a chemical alkaline activation, followed by washing and a secondary thermal treatment. The most promising bio-based adsorbent was the one derived from corn stalks (90.6% adsorption efficiency).

scholarly journals Microporosity Development of Herringbone Carbon Nanofibers by RbOH Chemical Activation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Jiménez ◽  
Paula Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Dorado ◽  
José Luís Valverde ◽  
Amaya Romero
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Structure Development ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Activation Conditions

The influence of different activation conditions, including activating agent/CNFs ratio, activation temperature, and He flow rate, on the pore structure development of herringbone carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was studied. The best results of activated CNFs with larger specific surface area can be achieved using the following optimized factors: RbOH/CNFs ratio = 4/1, activation temperature = ,and a He flow rate = 850 ml/min. The optimization of these three factors leads to high CNFs micropore volume, being the surface area increased by a factor of 3 compared to the raw CNFs. It is important to note that only the creation of micropores (ultramicropores principally) took place, and mesopores were not generated if compared with raw CNFs.

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