scholarly journals Effects of Moxa Smoke on Monoamine Neurotransmitters in SAMP8 Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanfang Xu ◽  
Baixiao Zhao ◽  
Yingxue Cui ◽  
Min Yee Lim ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitter ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Exposure Length

Objectives. To investigate the anti-aging effects of moxa smoke on SAMP8 mice.Methods. Using2×3factorial design, exposure length (15 or 30 minutes daily), and concentration (low, 5–15 mg/m3; middle, 25–35 mg/m3; high, 85–95 mg/m3), 70 SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned,n=10/group, to a model group or one of six moxa smoke groups: L1, L2, M1, M2, H1, or H2. Ten SAMR1 mice were used as normal control. Mice in moxa smoke groups were exposed to moxa smoke at respective concentrations and exposure lengths; the model and normal control mice were not exposed. Cerebral 5-HT, DA, and NE levels were determined using ELISA.Results. Compared to normal control, the model group showed a significant decrease in 5-HT, DA, and NE. Compared to model group, 5-HT and NE were significantly higher in groups L2, M1, and M2and DA was significantly so in L2and M1. 5-HT, DA, and NE levels were the highest in group M1among moxa smoke groups. A marked exposure length × concentration interaction was observed for 5-HT, DA, and NE.Conclusion. Moxa smoke increases monoamine neurotransmitter levels, which varies according to concentration and exposure length. Our finding suggests that the middle concentration of moxa smoke for 15 minutes seems the most beneficial.

scholarly journals Tadr Is an Axonal Histidine Transporter Required for Visual Neurotransmission in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Han ◽  
Lei Peng ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitter ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Transporter

AbstractNeurotransmitters are generated by de novo synthesis and are essential for sustained, high-frequency synaptic transmission. Histamine, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is synthesized through decarboxylation of histidine by Histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). However, little is known about how histidine is presented to Hdc as a precursor. Here, we identified a specific histidine transporter, TADR (Torn And Diminished Rhabdomeres), that is required for visual transmission in Drosophila. TADR and Hdc co-localized to neuronal terminals, and mutations in tadr reduced levels of histamine, thus disrupting visual synaptic transmission and phototaxis behavior. These results demonstrate that a specific amino acid transporter provides precursors for monoamine neurotransmitters, providing the first genetic evidence that a histidine amino acid transporter plays a critical role in synaptic transmission. These results suggest that TADR-dependent local de novo synthesis of histamine is required for synaptic transmission.

Evaluation of hepatotoxicity effect of methanol leave extract of Gongronema latifolium in Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 014-022
Author(s):  
Omodamiro O.D. ◽  
Alaebo P.O. ◽  
Olukotun B.G. ◽  
Chikezie P.C.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium is highly medicinal in nature. The fundamental ingredients used for medicinal purposes are stored in the various parts of the plant such as the fruits, seeds, leaves, root and stem. This present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity effect of methanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on albino rats. This study was divided into five groups normal control groups: received commercial rat feed and water, group 2: received 1000 mg/kg b.w. of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, group 3: received 500 mg/kg b.w of leaf extract of G. latifolium, group 4; received 250 mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, and group 5: received 125mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium. The result shows a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and conjugate bilirubin when compared to the normal control not giving the extract. Administration graded dosage of 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.05) increased the liver damage marker enzymes when compared with groups that received low dosage of 250mg/kg and 125mg/kg body weight and the normal control groups. The histopathological study revealed severe portal inflammation without steatosis and moderate portal inflammation in groups that received 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg. Therefore, these results suggested that methanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium possess hepatotoxic properties and strict caution must be observed when using the plant extract as a natural remedy of any disease.

scholarly journals The anti-aging effects of Ludwigia octovalvis on Drosophila melanogaster and SAMP8 mice

AGE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Lin ◽  
Jun-Yi Chen ◽  
Jo-Chiao Wang ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Che-Hao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Samp8 Mice

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Cussonia arborea Methanol Root Bark Extract on Histomorphology of Pancreas of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Patrick E. ABA ◽  
Isaac U. ASUZU
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 5

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells; thus assessment of the pancreas in diabetic rats is important in monitoring therapy. The hereby study assessed pancreatic status of diabetic rats treated with methanol root bark extract of Cussonia arborea. A total of seventy two (72) male albino wistar rats weighting between 100-105 g were assigned into six (6) groups of twelve (12) rats per group. Groups 1-5 were diabetic infected by single intraperitoneal injection with alloxan monohydrate, at the dose of 160 mg/kg and treated with 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg bw of the extract, 2 mg/kg bw glibenclamide and 10 ml/kg distilled water (DW) respectively, while the non diabetic rats, represented by Group 6, received 10 ml/kg DW and served as normal control rats. The treatment was applied daily through the oral route for 84 days. At the end of the experiment, the pancreas organs were acquired under light ether anaesthesia for histomorphometric assessment. The results indicated that the cells of the islet of langerhans of the diabetic untreated rats (Group 5) were severely depleted when compared to that of the normal rats (Group 6). The islet cells of the diabetic rats treated with 125 mg/kg Cussonia arborea extract (Group 2) was comparable to that of the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (Group 4) and the normal control rats. It was concluded that the methanol extract of C. arborea, especially at the dose of 125 mg/kg, ameliorated pancreatic lesions induced by diabetes occasioned by alloxan.

scholarly journals Improvement of Electroacupuncture on APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice in Spatial Learning and Memory Probably due to Expression of Aβand LRP1 in Hippocampus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yanhuan Miao ◽  
Jiawula Abulizi ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Yuping Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Amyloid A

Objectives. To explore the alterations ofβ-amyloid (Aβ) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in APP/PS1 mice after electroacupuncture (EA) treatment and further to explore the mechanism.Methods. Forty 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with twenty wild-type mice used as a normal control group. Mice in the EA group were treated with EA at GV 20 (băi huì) and bilateral KI 1 (yŏng quán) acupoints for 6 weeks. The Morris water maze was applied to assess the spatial memory in behavior. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, Western blotting, and so forth were used to observe the expression of LRP1 and Aβ.Results. The Morris water maze test showed that, compared with the normal control group, the model group’s learning and memory capabilities were significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01). The EA group was reversed (P<0.05;P<0.01). The hippocampal expression of Aβin the EA group was significantly decreased compared to the model group (P<0.01). The expression of LRP1 in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01); the expression in the EA group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01).Conclusions. EA therapy can improve the learning and memory capabilities of APP/PS1 mice. The underlying mechanism may lie in the upregulation of an Aβtransport receptor and LRP1.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-34a alleviates steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by targeting Tgif2 through OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (12) ◽  
pp. 1234-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu-Xun Peng ◽  
Chuan Ye ◽  
Wen-Tao Dong ◽  
Lei-Luo Yang ◽  
Chun-Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Of Femoral Head

The study aims to investigate the effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) targeting Tgif2 on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) by regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. SD rats were divided into normal control and model (RNAKL rat models) groups. The model group was further assigned into model control, negative control, miR-34a mimics and miR-34a inhibitors groups. QRT-PCR was applied to detect miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK and RNAKL mRNA expressions. Femoral head tissues were collected for Micro-CT scanning and HE staining. QRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expressions of miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK, RANKL and Runx2, OPN and OC in bone tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to testify the target relationship between miR-34a and Tgif2. Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL mRNA expressions, but decreased miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Tgif2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Micro-CT showed cystic degeneration of femoral head, with decreased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface area/bone volume and trabecular number in the model control group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the model control group, the miR-34a mimics group showed increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness and Runx2, OPN and OC expressions, while the parameters decreased in the miR-34a inhibitors group. Compared with the normal control group, the other groups showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions but decreased miR-34a and OPG expressions. Compared with the model control group, Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions decreased and miR-34a and OPG expressions increased in the miR-34a mimics group, while the miR-34a inhibitors group had a reverse trend in contrast to the miR-34a mimics group. Tgif2 is a target gene of miR-34a. In conclusion, miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. Impact statement miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway, which can be used as a new theoretical basis for SANFH treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Matematis Siswa MTs

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Misrayanti Misrayanti ◽  
Zubaidah Amir
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  ada tidaknya perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran langsung, ada tidaknya perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran langsung jika ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematis, ada tidaknya pengaruh interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal matematis siswa terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darul Qur’an tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Sampel penelitian ini dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan model Group Investigation, kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan pembelajaran langsung yang berjumlah 31 dan 25 orang siswa setiap masing-masing kelas. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan interpretasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t dan anova dua arah (two factorial design). Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes uraian untuk mengukur kemampuan awal dan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa setelah perlakuan diberikan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Group Investigation terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. Pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran langsung, terdapat perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematis antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Group Investigation dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran langsung jika ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematis, tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal matematis siswa terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis siswa.

scholarly journals Some Toxicological Studies of Methanol Leaves Extract Lannea acida in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Aminu Umar Argungu ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Sifawa
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chronic Dose ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Chronic Study ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Control Group Group

Aim: The current study determined phytochemical constituents evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxic profiles of Lannea acida methanol leaves extract (LAMLE) in Wistar albino rats Methodology: The phytochemical screening of LAMLE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the toxicological study. The LD50 was determined using six (6) rats according to OECD, 2001 using fixed limit dose. For the sub-chronic study, the rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats. Control group (group 1) received distilled water orally 2ml/kg. Groups (2-5) received doses of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg of the extracts. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids and Steroids. The LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. There were significant reduction in the concentration of ALT, ALP and ALB (P<.05) in the group that received the highest dose of the extract when compared to the normal control while other liver biomarkers were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control. The sub-chronic dose of 2000mg/kg of the extracts shows significant (P<.05) decrease in all kidney function biomarkers except chloride when compared to the control. The haematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, Neutruphils) showed a significant decrease in Group 5 when compared to the normal control group while MCV and lymphocytes showed significant decrease (P<.05) when compared to the control.   Conclusion: The result suggests that the methanol leaves extracts of Lannea acida is relatively safe and can be used in medicinal formulations.

scholarly journals A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Study on the Effect of Corallodiscus flabellatus (Craib) B. L. Burtt Extract on Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang Wang ◽  
Ning Zhou ◽  
Yan-Po Si ◽  
Zhi-Yao Bai ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse ◽  
Tof Ms

A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics study was carried out to explore the intervening mechanism of Corallodiscus flabellatus (Craib) B. L. Burtt (CF) extract on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The AD model group consisted of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and the control group consisted of senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS detection, multivariate statistical analysis, and pathway enrichment were jointly performed to research the change in metabolite profiling in the urine of AD mice. The result suggested that the metabolite profiling of SAMP8 mice significantly changed at the sixth month compared with SAMR1 mice of the same age, and the principal component analysis (PCA) score scatter plots of the CF group closely resembled those of the control and positive drug (huperzine A, HA) group. A total of 28 metabolites were considered potential biomarkers associated with the metabolism of beta-alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, arginine, proline, and purines in AD mice. Furthermore, the CF group was clustered with the control and positive group and was clearly separated from the model group in the heat map. In conclusion, significant anti-AD effects were firstly observed in mice after treatment with the CF extract, and the urinary metabolomics approach assisted with dissecting the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Effects of Deep Electroacupuncture Stimulation at “Huantiao” (GB 30) on Expression of Apoptosis-Related Factors in Rats with Acute Sciatic Nerve Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Dai ◽  
Yanjing Han ◽  
Tieming Ma ◽  
Yuli Liu ◽  
Lu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Nerve Muscle

SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, deep EA, and shallow EA groups. The model was established by mechanical clamping of the sciatic nerve stem. For deep and shallow EA, the needles were inserted into “Huantiao” (GB 30) by about 16 mm and 7 mm, respectively, once daily for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, the nerve-muscle excitability of rat’s hip muscle decreased and the nerve conduction velocity of sciatic nerve slowed down in the model group; meanwhile, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression level of Bax protein in the injured nerve increased significantly, and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased considerably. Compared with the model group, the indices mentioned above were reversed in the two treatment groups, and the changes in the deep EA group were more significant than those in the shallow EA group. These results indicate that EA stimulation at GB 30 can improve the function of injured sciatic nerve, which is closely associated with its effects in upregulating the expression of apoptosis inhibitive factor Bcl-2 and downregulating apoptosis promotive factor Bax. Deep EA is relatively better.

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