scholarly journals Photosystem II Photochemistry and Phycobiliprotein of the Red AlgaeKappaphycus alvareziiand Their Implications for Light Adaptation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Guan ◽  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Jianyi Zhu ◽  
Chunyan Yao ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Light Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photosystem Ii Photochemistry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein (PBP) genes of red algaeKappaphycus alvarezii, raw material ofκ-carrageenan used in food and pharmaceutical industries, were analyzed in this study. Minimum saturating irradiance (Ik) of this algal species was less than 115 μmol m−2 s−1. Its actual PSII efficiency (yield II) increased when light intensity enhanced and decreased when light intensity reached 200 μmol m−2 s−1. Under dim light, yield II declined at first and then increased on the fourth day. Under high light, yield II retained a stable value. These results indicate thatK. alvareziiis a low-light-adapted species but possesses regulative mechanisms in response to both excessive and deficient light. Based on the PBP gene sequences,K. alvarezii, together with other red algae, assembled faster and showed a closer relationship with LL-Prochlorococcuscompared to HL-Prochlorococcus. Many amino acid loci in PBP sequences ofK. alvareziiwere conserved with those of LL-Prochlorococcus. However, loci conserved with HL-Prochlorococcusbut divergent with LL-Prochlorococcuswere also found. The diversities of PE and PC are proposed to have played some roles during the algal evolution and divergence of light adaption.

scholarly journals PSB27: A thylakoid protein enabling Arabidopsis to adapt to changing light intensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hou ◽  
Aigen Fu ◽  
Veder J. Garcia ◽  
Bob B. Buchanan ◽  
Sheng Luan
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Changing Light

In earlier studies we have identified FKBP20-2 and CYP38 as soluble proteins of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen that are required for the formation of photosystem II supercomplexes (PSII SCs). Subsequent work has identified another potential candidate functional in SC formation (PSB27). We have followed up on this possibility and isolated mutants defective in the PSB27 gene. In addition to lack of PSII SCs, mutant plants were severely stunted when cultivated with light of variable intensity. The stunted growth was associated with lower PSII efficiency and defective starch accumulation. In response to high light exposure, the mutant plants also displayed enhanced ROS production, leading to decreased biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Unexpectedly, we detected a second defect in the mutant, namely in CP26, an antenna protein known to be required for the formation of PSII SCs that has been linked to state transitions. Lack of PSII SCs was found to be independent of PSB27, but was due to a mutation in the previously described cp26 gene that we found had no effect on light adaptation. The present results suggest that PSII SCs, despite being required for state transitions, are not associated with acclimation to changing light intensity. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that PSB27 plays an essential role in enabling plants to adapt to fluctuating light intensity through a mechanism distinct from photosystem II supercomplexes and state transitions.

scholarly journals AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI EPIFIT PADA ALGA MERAH Kappaphycus alvarezii

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Rico Rico Taareluan ◽  
Letha L Wantania ◽  
Elvy L Ginting ◽  
Remy E.P. Mangindaan ◽  
Deislie R.H. Kumampung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria

Bacteria are microscopic organism found living in marine algae.  So far, species of bacteria in marine algae are not well known.  In this study, epiphytic bacteria in algal species of Kappaphycus alvarezii (red algae) were isolated to amplify their 16S-rRNA gene. Sample K.alvarezii was collected from the island of Nain.  The isolated epiphytic bacteria from the red algae K.alvarezii were grown in Nutrient Broth (NB) media.  DNA extraction was carried out using InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit.  16SrRNA genes was performed using primer pair of 8F and 1492R. Two different character of epiphytic bacteria were successfully isolated from K. alvarezii.  16S-rRNA genes from the two isolates was successfully amplified, indicated by the presence of DNA band in each sample gel electrophoreses at around 1500 bp.Keywords : Amplification, 16S-rRNA Genes, Kappapchycus alvarezii, Bacterial, Epiphytic  Abstrak Bakteri adalah organisme mikroskopis yang ditemukan hidup di alga laut. Sejauh ini, spesies bakteri di alga laut belum dikenal. Dalam penelitian ini, bakteri epifit pada spesies alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (alga merah) diisolasi untuk memperkuat gen 16S-rRNA mereka. Sampel K.alvarezii dikumpulkan dari pulau Nain. Bakteri epifit terisolasi dari alga merah K.alvarezii ditanam dalam media Nutrient Broth (NB). Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit. Gen 16S-rRNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan pasangan primer 8F dan 1492R. Dua karakter bakteri epifit yang berbeda berhasil diisolasi dari K. alvarezii. Gen 16S-rRNA dari dua isolat berhasil diamplifikasi, ditunjukkan oleh adanya pita DNA pada setiap sampel gel elektroforesis sekitar 1500 bp. Kata Kunci: Amplifikasi, gen 16S-rRNA, Kappapycus alvarezii, Bakteri, Epifit

scholarly journals Utilization of Cumbeba (Tacinga inamoena) Residue: Drying Kinetics and Effect of Process Conditions on Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre José de Melo Queiroz ◽  
Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo ◽  
Wilton Pereira da Silva ◽  
Josivanda Palmeira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Water Diffusivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Effective Water

The residue generated from the processing of Tacinga inamoena (cumbeba) fruit pulp represents a large amount of material that is discarded without proper application. Despite that, it is a raw material that is source of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which are valued in nutraceutical diets for allegedly combating free radicals generated in metabolism. This research paper presents a study focused on the mathematical modeling of drying kinetics and the effect of the process on the level of bioactive of cumbeba residue. The experiments of cumbeba residue drying (untreated or whole residue (WR), crushed residue (CR) and residue in the form of foam (FR)) were carried out in a fixed-bed dryer at four air temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C). Effective water diffusivity (Deff) was determined by the inverse method and its dependence on temperature was described by an Arrhenius-type equation. It was observed that, regardless of the type of pretreatment, the increase in air temperature resulted in higher rate of water removal. The Midilli model showed better simulation of cumbeba residue drying kinetics than the other models tested within the experimental temperature range studied. Effective water diffusivity (Deff) ranged from 6.4890 to 11.1900 × 10−6 m2/s, 2.9285 to 12.754 × 10−9 m2/s and 1.5393 × 10−8 to 12.4270 × 10−6 m2/s with activation energy of 22.3078, 46.7115 and 58.0736 kJ/mol within the temperature range of 50–80 °C obtained for the whole cumbeba, crushed cumbeba and cumbeba residue in the form of foam, respectively. In relation to bioactive compounds, it was observed that for a fixed temperature the whole residue had higher retention of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds, whereas the crushed residue and the residue in the form of foam had intermediate and lower levels, respectively. This study provides evidence that cumbeba residue in its whole form can be used for the recovery of natural antioxidant bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, with the possibility of application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Ultrasonically-Extracted Marine Polysaccharides as Potential Green Antioxidant Alternatives

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hanaa L. Essa ◽  
Hania A. Guirguis ◽  
Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed ◽  
Dalia Rifaat ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Marine-extracted sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been the subject of myriad research since they are considered an eco-friendly source of biologically active compounds. Meanwhile, food and pharmaceutical industries are urgently producing natural sugar substitutes and antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones which are associated with cytotoxicity and safety issues. This study assesses the potential of using marine SPs obtained via the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of different marine species, to utilize them as antioxidant sugar substitutes. The carbohydrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were measured for SP extracts of the algal species of Ulva lactuca, Jania rubens and the marine plant mangrove Avicennia marina. These SPs were structurally elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The results revealed that SPs’ highest yield percent was obtained from Ulva lactuca, 5.50 ± 0.25%. The SPs of Avicennia marina had the highest carbohydrate content, 44 ± 1% and antioxidant activity, 78.85 ± 0.06 at the 100 μg/mL concentration and 89.50 ± 0.21 at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Meanwhile, the highest phenolic content was exhibited by algal SPs obtained from Jania rubens, 132.60 ± 2.50 mgGa/g. Results also showed that all extracts have potent antioxidant activity, while the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the SPs of Avicennia marina owing possibly to their balanced glucose and galactose contents as measured by HPLC. This work emphasizes the need to consider sulfated polysaccharides from marine sources for their antioxidant activity and to correlate it with their monosaccharide content to determine the effect of reducing sugar concentration on the antioxidant activity.

Alteration in photosystem II photochemistry of thylakoids isolated from senescing leaves of wheat seedlings

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Joshi ◽  
N.K. Ramaswamy ◽  
M.K. Raval ◽  
T.S. Desai ◽  
P.M. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Photosystem Ii Photochemistry

scholarly journals Depletion of extracellular ATP affects the photosystem II photochemistry and the role of salicylic acid in this process

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.Z. HOU ◽  
X. PANG ◽  
K. SUN ◽  
J.Y. LIANG ◽  
L.Y. JIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Extracellular Atp ◽  
Photosystem Ii Photochemistry

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, ISOLATION OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES, ANTI-BACTERIAL AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE MARINE ALGAL SPECIES OEDOGONIUM GLOBOSUM AND OEDOGONIUM INTERMEDIUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
KARPAKAVALLI MEENAKSHISUNDARAM ◽  
PRAKASH GOVINDARAJ ◽  
SIVASUBRAMANIAM P. ◽  
RANJITHKUMAR DHANARAJ ◽  
MOHAN SELLAPPAN
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Objective: Algae is the undisputed treasures of the sea and are a valuable raw material, providing unlimited opportunities for new drug discoveries. Marine algal products are in demand in the international market in the form of standardized algal extracts or semi-finished products. Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oedogonium globosum and Oedogonium intermedium species were obtained maceration and hot percolation. The active principles from O. intermedium were isolated, purified by column chromatography, and characterized by spectral studies IR, λmax, 1HNMR and MS. The extracts of Oedogonium species were screened for their anti-microbial effects, acute dermal irritation and wound-healing activity studies. Results: Comparing to Oedogonium intermedium (45 %, 90 %, 87 %), very low extractive yields were obtained for Oedogonium globosum (10.80 %, 37 %, 28 %). At phytochemical screening, Terpenoids, Flavanoids and, Glycans were found to be present in a significant amount and upon their isolation, it was found that a collection of fractions from cold extract with Rf value in the range 0.32-0.34 as Glycans and those from the hot extract with 0.40-0.72 as Flavanoids and those from methanolic extracts with 0.23, 0.44 and 0.71 as for Terpenoids. Anti-bacterial study revealed out the fact of Oedogonium species could give higher inhibition to gram-positive than for gram-negative bacteria at (10 μg/10μl/disc) concentration. No symptoms of systemic toxicity and mortality were observed. Silver sulfadiazine, more potent in wound closure, the effect of methanolic extracts of O. intermedium (87 %) was almost at par to the standard (95 %) in action and significantly greater than O. globosum (72 %, P<0.05). Conclusion: Admittedly, Oedogonium type algal species can be known as medicinal algae with a plethora of a wide range of pharmacological activities. Thus, this research work may be considered further for extensive innovative discoveries of new lead molecules and any other pharmacological activities, in the future.

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