scholarly journals Comparative Study of Dipteran Species Diversity and Their Succession on Rabbit Carrion in Two Different Mangrove Areas of Peninsular Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahizatul Afzan Azmi ◽  
S. P. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Dipteran Species

A study on dipteran utility in assisting investigation of unattended deaths was carried out in mangrove areas of Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, and Masai, Johor, in Peninsular Malaysia by using rabbit carrions as the model. The aim of this study was to determine the dipteran species diversity and their succession over the decomposition period of the rabbit carrions. A total of 229 individuals belonging to 11 species from six families of Diptera were successfully identified from both study sites in October and December 2007. Chrysomya megacephala, C. rufifacies, and Hydrotaea sp. were found to be the most abundant species recorded in this study. More species were collected from Masai with 10 species compared to Kuala Terengganu with nine species. Ecological indices (Shannon Wiener Index, Margalef Index, and Evenness Index) showed that Masai scored higher diversity, richness, and evenness values than Kuala Terengganu. However, Mann-Whitney U test did not show significant difference among the individuals represented at each study site (P>0.05). Calliphoridae predominated in the carrion during the fresh, bloat, and active decay stages of decomposition. Dipteran development was documented to be meteorologically dependent whereby; low temperature and high rainfall inhibit their colonization. Data collected in this study can hopefully serve as the basis for future estimates of the postmortem interval (PMI) particularly in mangrove area of tropical regions.

scholarly journals Species diversity of seagrass-associated bivalves as an ecological parameter to support seagrass conservation along with the Coastal Waters of South Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Syukur ◽  
LALU ZULKIFLI ◽  
AGIL AL IDRUS ◽  
BAIQ NUNUNG HIDAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Ecological Parameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Syukur A, Zulkifli L, Idrus AA, Hidayati BN. 2021. Species diversity of seagrass-associated bivalves as an ecological parameter to support seagrass conservation along with the Coastal Waters of South Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5133-5144. Seagrass has a role in supporting the survival of marine life, such as bivalves. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bivalve species diversity as a parameter for seagrass conservation. The research approach was through observation and data collection for seagrass and bivalves using quadrant and transect methods—Analysis of the data through descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The number of seagrass species in the six research sites was nine. Furthermore, the species composition of bivalves consisted of 11 families comprising 47 species. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference based on the F-count value, higher than the F-table value of the three ecological indices (H', E, and Ki). Two ecological indices, namely H' and Ki, have r values ??less than 0.5 for all environmental parameters (temperature, brightness, pH, salinity, DO, phosphate, and nitrate) and show no significant correlation. However, the E index value has an r value greater than 0.5 for nitrate, salinity DO, and phosphate. The highest significance value of the four environmental variables is for nitrate, with an r = 0.875. The conclusion is that the richness and abundance of seagrass-associated bivalves in the study area are predetermined by the characteristics of the seagrass environment, especially the substrate. Secondly, seagrasses could create a suitable substrate for bivalves to survive. Therefore, the indicator of the presence of associated Bivalvia species can be a parameter for local scale seagrass conservation at the study site.

scholarly journals Phenotype and Genotype Characterisation of the Asian Clam of the Genus Corbicula Megerle von Mϋhlfeld, 1811 (Venerida, Cyrenidae) from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Mohd Zharif Ramli ◽  
Vinothiran Ayyapan ◽  
Akrimah Yusoff ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Seong Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The Corbicula taxonomy in Malaysia is equivocal and scarcely being reported. This study aims to characterise phenotype and genotype of the Asian clam of the genus Corbicula (Mergele Von Mühlfeld, 1811) from three locations in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The phenotypic characterisation of the three population of the clam was evaluated on the basis of morphometric characters, while mtDNA cytochrome b (cytb) was used to characterise the genotypes. Results of morphometric analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in shell height (SH), shell width (SW) and umbo length (UL) among three locations between the evaluated population. Discriminant analysis also revealed significant difference of the characters among the study sites. However, cluster analysis revealed an overlapping of morphometric characters among evaluated C. fluminea intricate complete separation between populations. Besides, a comparison of the Corbicula with the morphotypes and holotypes had proposed the Corbicula in this region known as C. fluminea. The genotypes characterisation using mtDNA cytb verifies the existence of C. fluminea. Phylogenetic trees demonstrated polymorphism and low genetic variances although geographically separated which parallel to the phenotypic characterisation. Thus, these findings enhance the knowledge on geographical variation and elucidate the complexity of taxa.

scholarly journals Mangrove associated macrobenthos community structure from an estuarine island

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. HABIBUR RAHMAN ◽  
M. BELAL HOSSAIN ◽  
Ahasan Habib ◽  
MD. ABU NOMAN ◽  
SHUVAGATO MONDAL
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Rahman MDH, Hossain MB, Habib A, Noman MDA, Mondal S. 2021. Mangrove associated macrobenthos community structure from an estuarine island. Biodiversitas 22: 247-252. Macroinvertebrate living on or around the mangroves has not been or less investigated in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to describe the density, distribution, and community structure of mangrove associated macrobenthos in Nijhum Dwip, central coast of Bangladesh. A total of 17 taxa were identified belonging to mainly Polychaetes (67.37%), Mysids (23.53%), Isopods (3.83%), Amphipods (0.58%), and Gastropods (0.29%). Polychaetes were dominant by contributing 67.37% of total macrobenthos. The number of benthic fauna ranged from 359 to 1617 inds./m2 with a mean value of 1003.93± 400.3 inds./m 2 There was no significant difference observed (p > 0.05) in the abundance of macrofauna among the stations. The maximum Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) of species diversity was found at St2 (1.323) and the lowest at St4 (0.8) in the monsoon period possibly due to high rainfall and disturbance of benthic habitat. The Shannon-Wiener diversity values suggest the area was less polluted. The information from the present study can be used to measure the impacts of pollution to conserve biodiversity in sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Short Communication: The species diversity and composition of roadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIRYONO . ◽  
YANSEN . ◽  
ADITYA . ◽  
DAVID JUARA LAMHOT ◽  
JURIAH HUTAHAEAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Wiryono, Yansen, Aditya, Lamhot DJ, Hutahaean J. 2018. Short Communication: The species diversity and composition ofroadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1615-1621. Roadside trees make living in a city more enjoyable dueto their aesthetic values and ecosystem services. The ecological benefits of roadside trees may be enhanced by increasing the speciesdiversity and the proportion of native species. The objective of this study was to know the species diversity and composition of roadsidetrees in the cities of Palembang, Bengkulu, Curup, Pematang Siantar and Argamakmur, in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, varying in size andaltitude. Data of trees were collected from selected streets and analyzed to determine the species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index ofdiversity (Hʹ) and Ellenberg index of community similarity (ISE). The results showed that the species richness in a city ranged from 7 to26, with the diversity index between 1.05 and 2.08. The large and medium cities had higher S and Hʹ. More introduced species werefound, both in number of species and number of individuals, than the native ones. The similarity among cities in species compositionranged from 47 to 82%. Overall, Swietenia macrophylla, an introduced species, was the most abundant species. The S and Hʹ values ofall cities were considered low and the composition of tree species did not support the conservation of native species. It is, therefore,essential to increase the species diversity of street trees, especially by planting native species.

scholarly journals Butterfly communities (Insecta: Lepidoptera) at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
NUR IZZAH ATHIRAH BASRI ◽  
Nurulhuda Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
First Record ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Butterfly Communities

Abstract. Basri NIA, Zakaria N. 2021. Butterfly communities (Insecta: Lepidoptera) at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 5039-5047. The knowledge on the butterfly diversity, especially in various habitats in Kedah is still poor. A study was conducted to determine and compare the diversity of butterflies at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, namely Bukit H and Taman Jubli Perak. This study was carried out starting from January 2021 until March 2021 with a total of nine sampling occasions at each site. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was chosen as a sampling method. The butterflies were captured using a sweep net from 9am to 11am and 12pm to 2pm for each sampling site. A total of 145 individuals from 13 species from four families of butterflies were recorded. The most abundant species were recorded from the family Nymphalidae. Chilades pandava was the most abundant species obtained from the two recreational areas. From the t-test analysis, there was no significant difference between the diversity of Bukit H and Taman Jubli Perak. Shannon and Simpson's diversity indices showed both sites were interpreted as moderately low in diversity. This may be due to the different types of vegetation that exist at both sampling sites. This study will contribute to the first record of butterflies in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia.

scholarly journals Diversity and composition of volant and non-volant small mammals in northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest of Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaviarasu Munian ◽  
Shahfiz Azman ◽  
Norhazwani Ruzman ◽  
Noor Fauzi ◽  
Alwani Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves

Volant and non-volant small mammals from three forest reserves, located inside and outside Selangor State Park, Malaysia, were trapped and documented. A total of five-line transects, each 200 m long and a total of 100 collapsible cage traps, three harp traps and ten mist nets were deployed at each study site to capture rodents and bats species. The presence of 47 species of volant and non-volant mammals was documented with the highest abundant species being Leopoldamys sabanus (n = 61). The Family Vespertilionidae was the most diverse, while Muridae was the most abundant species. Diversity indices have shown forest reserves - Gading Forest Reserve (FR) and Bukit Kutu FR – located in the State Park, have a higher species composition than the impaired adjacent forest reserve, Bukit Tarek FR extension. The taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the three forest reserves ranged between 2.433 and 2.610, while the taxonomic distinctness values ranged between 2.638 and 2.748. Even though Gading FR recorded the highest number of species diversity, the Chao 1 diversity estimator and the rarefaction accumulation curve indicated that Bukit Kutu comprised more species. Comparisons between other state parks and national parks in Peninsular Malaysia indicated that Selangor State Park indeed harbours relatively more species of small mammals. Northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest should be recognised as a conservation priority area, although there are comparatively more species harboured in other regions of the State Park. With the current information on fauna diversity, proper management should be formulated to preserve the existing ecosystems in order to ensure the continuity of fauna diversity in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Responses of Bat Communities (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Forest Loss and Habitat Conversion in Southern Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110103
Author(s):  
Patrick Jules Atagana ◽  
Eric Moïse Bakwo Fils ◽  
Sevilor Kekeunou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Species Specific

We aimed to assess how bats are affected by habitat transformation by comparing bat assemblages in four habitat types: primary forest, secondary forest, cocoa plantations and human habitations in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of southern Cameroon. Bats were sampled in the four habitat types using mist nets. During 126 nights, a total of 413 bats were captured, belonging to four families, 16 genera and 24 species. Ninety three individuals (17 species) were captured in the primary forest, followed by plantations (105 individuals, 14 species), human habitations (159 individuals, 10 species), and secondary forest (55 individuals, eight species). Megaloglossus woermanni was recorded in all the four habitats, and was the most abundant species (105 individuals). The analysis of bat assemblage between habitat types showed a statistically significant difference in species composition. The distribution of the six most abundant species ( Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Dohyrina cyclops, Hipposideros cf. caffer and Hipposideros cf. ruber) was influenced by habitat types. Our results suggest that the decrease in species richness observed in disturbed habitats may be due to habitat perturbations of primary forest habitats. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of habitat conversion at species level, as responses are often species-specific.

scholarly journals Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Zonglei Liang ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Wu Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the genus was recorded previously using Malaise trap field sampling, studied by comparative morphology. Seventeen species were recognized, including twelve new species: X. binarius sp. nov., X. chrysanthemum sp. nov., X. cowboyocreus sp. nov., X. densprint sp. nov., X. dimiprocessus sp. nov., X. exproiecturus sp. nov., X. gracilus sp. nov., X. limpidissimus sp. nov., X. malleus sp. nov., X. nonattribus sp. nov., X. recipinams sp. nov., and X. tenusis Liang sp. nov. Four species were recorded in Thailand for the first time: Xestocephalus abyssinicus Heller and Linnavuori, Xestocephalus asper Linnavuori, Xestocephalus ishidae Matsumura, and Xestocephalus toroensis Matsumura. Detailed morphological descriptions of all 17 species are given; photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of the species from Thailand are provided. A checklist of species of the genus is also given, and a key to all Thailand Xestocephalus species is also provided.

scholarly journals Perceived quality of care among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north east region of peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorfariza Nordin ◽  
Suhaily Mohd Hairon ◽  
Najib Majdi Yaacob ◽  
Anees Abdul Hamid ◽  
Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Care ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are best managed by a chronic care model that is associated with enhanced quality of care and improved patient outcome. Assessing patients’ perceived quality of care is crucial in improving the healthcare delivery system. Hence, this study determined the perceived quality of care among people with T2DM and explored its associations with (i) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and (ii) types of healthcare clinics to guide future planning. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 20 primary healthcare clinics in the North East Region of Peninsular Malaysia and people with T2DM as the sampling unit was conducted from February to May 2019. The pro forma checklist, interview-guided Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11, and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (Malay version; PACIC-M) questionnaire were used for data collection. Univariate analysis and linear regression were used to determine the status of perceived quality of care and the factors associated with the perceived quality of care, respectively. Results Overall, data from 772 participants were analyzed. The majority was from the Malay ethnic group (95.6%) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.91% (2.30). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the number of medical officers available at each clinic was 6 (7), with Family Doctor Concept (FDC) clinics having a higher number of medical officers than non-FDC clinics (p = 0.001). The overall mean (SD) PACIC-M score was 2.65 (0.54) with no significant difference between scores of patients treated in the two clinic types (p = 0.806). Higher perceived quality of care was associated with lower number of medical officers (adjusted regression coefficient [Adj.β], − 0.021; p-value [p], 0.001), and greater doctor–patient interaction in all domains: distress relief (Adj.β, 0.033; p, < 0.001), rapport (Adj.β, 0.056; p, < 0.001), and interaction outcome (Adj.β, 0.022; p, 0.003). Conclusion Although there was no significant difference found between clinic type, this study reflects that patients are comfortable when managed by the same doctor, which may support a better doctor-patient interaction. A larger specialized primary care workforce could improve diabetes care in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing to Study Mangrove Fragmentation and Its Impacts on Leaf Area Index and Gross Primary Productivity in the South of Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Kasturi Devi Kanniah ◽  
Chuen Siang Kang ◽  
Sahadev Sharma ◽  
A. Aldrie Amir
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shape Complexity ◽  
The Impact

Mangrove is classified as an important ecosystem along the shorelines of tropical and subtropical landmasses, which are being degraded at an alarming rate despite numerous international treaties having been agreed. Iskandar Malaysia (IM) is a fast-growing economic region in southern Peninsular Malaysia, where three Ramsar Sites are located. Since the beginning of the 21st century (2000–2019), a total loss of 2907.29 ha of mangrove area has been estimated based on medium-high resolution remote sensing data. This corresponds to an annual loss rate of 1.12%, which is higher than the world mangrove depletion rate. The causes of mangrove loss were identified as land conversion to urban, plantations, and aquaculture activities, where large mangrove areas were shattered into many smaller patches. Fragmentation analysis over the mangrove area shows a reduction in the mean patch size (from 105 ha to 27 ha) and an increase in the number of mangrove patches (130 to 402), edge, and shape complexity, where smaller and isolated mangrove patches were found to be related to the rapid development of IM region. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) products were used to inspect the impact of fragmentation on the mangrove ecosystem process. The mean LAI and GPP of mangrove areas that had not undergone any land cover changes over the years showed an increase from 3.03 to 3.55 (LAI) and 5.81 g C m−2 to 6.73 g C m−2 (GPP), highlighting the ability of the mangrove forest to assimilate CO2 when it is not disturbed. Similarly, GPP also increased over the gained areas (from 1.88 g C m−2 to 2.78 g C m−2). Meanwhile, areas that lost mangroves, but replaced them with oil palm, had decreased mean LAI from 2.99 to 2.62. In fragmented mangrove patches an increase in GPP was recorded, and this could be due to the smaller patches (<9 ha) and their edge effects where abundance of solar radiation along the edges of the patches may increase productivity. The impact on GPP due to fragmentation is found to rely on the type of land transformation and patch characteristics (size, edge, and shape complexity). The preservation of mangrove forests in a rapidly developing region such as IM is vital to ensure ecosystem, ecology, environment, and biodiversity conservation, in addition to providing economical revenue and supporting human activities.

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