scholarly journals High Mortality Rate due to False Gid in a Sheep Herd

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Mozaffari ◽  
Saeedeh Shojaeepour ◽  
Shahin Ghahremani Ghareh Cheshmeh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Oestrus Ovis ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Heavy Infestation

The sheep nasal bot, Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae), is a cosmopolitan parasite commonly found in sheep and occasionally goats. Rarely a bot will migrate into the sheep brain (false gid). Following the complaint of an animal husbandman about high mortality rate in a sheep herd, the herd was clinically, hematologically, and pathologically examined exactly. Clinical, hematological, and pathological findings were described in the text. Necropsy findings showed heavy infestation with Oestrus ovis larvae. The herd was treated with Ivermectin. After treatment all patients without nervous sings were recovered. Patients with nervous signs did not respond to treatment, but new cases of disease did not occur and the mortality stopped. In the present report, a high mortality rate due to false gid in a sheep herd was described. The prevention and control of the disease are important because of economic losses and the possibility of transmission to the human.

scholarly journals Mortality after surgery with SARS-CoV-2 infection in England: A population-wide epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. F. Abbott ◽  
A. J. Fowler ◽  
T. D. Dobbs ◽  
J. Gibson ◽  
T. Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
List Type ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjectivesTo confirm the incidence of perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated mortality after surgery.Design and settingAnalysis of routine electronic health record data from National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England.MethodsWe extracted data from Hospital Episode Statistics in England describing adult patients undergoing surgery between 1st January 2020 and 31st October 2020. The exposure was SARS-CoV-2 infection defined by ICD-10 codes. The primary outcome measure was 90-day in-hospital mortality. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, Charlson co-morbidity index, index of multiple deprivation, presence of cancer, surgical procedure type and admission acuity. Results are presented as n (%) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsWe identified 1,972,153 patients undergoing surgery of whom 11,940 (0.6%) had SARS-CoV-2. In total, 19,100 (1.0%) patients died in hospital. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a much greater risk of death (SARS-CoV-2: 2,618/11,940 [21.9%] vs No SARS-CoV-2: 16,482/1,960,213 [0.8%]; OR: 5.8 [5.5 – 6.1]; p<0.001). Amongst patients undergoing elective surgery 1,030/1,374,985 (0.1%) had SARS-CoV-2 of whom 83/1,030 (8.1%) died, compared with 1,092/1,373,955 (0.1%) patients without SARS-CoV-2 (OR: 29.0 [22.5 −37.3]; p<0.001). Amongst patients undergoing emergency surgery 9,742/437,891 (2.2%) patients had SARS-CoV-2, of whom 2,466/9,742 (25.3%) died compared with 14,817/428,149 (3.5%) patients without SARS-CoV-2 (OR: 5.7 [5.4 – 6.0]; p<0.001).ConclusionsThe low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHS surgical pathways suggests current infection prevention and control policies are highly effective. However, the high mortality amongst patients with SARS-CoV-2 suggests these precautions cannot be safely relaxed.Summary boxesWhat is already known on this topicHigh mortality rates have been reported amongst surgical patients who develop COVID-19 but we don’t know how this compares to the concurrent surgical population unaffected by COVID-19.Strict infection prevention and control procedures have substantially reduced the capacity of surgical treatment pathways in many hospitals.The very large backlog in delayed and cancelled surgical procedures is a growing public health concern.What this study addsFewer than 1 in 100 surgical patients are affected by COVID-19 in the English National Health Service.Elective surgical patients who do develop COVID-19 are 30 times more likely to die while in hospital.Infection prevention and control procedures in NHS surgical pathways are highly effective but cannot be safely relaxed.

scholarly journals Paratuberculosis: The Hidden Killer of Small Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sanaa M. Idris ◽  
Kamal H. Eltom ◽  
Julius B. Okuni ◽  
Lonzy Ojok ◽  
Wisal A. Elmagzoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
And Control

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a contagious and chronic enteric disease of ruminants and many non-ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and is characterised by diarrhoea and progressive emaciation with consequent serious economic losses due to death, early culling, and reduced productivity. In addition, indirect economic losses may arise from trade restrictions. Besides being a production limiting disease, PTB is a potential zoonosis; MAP has been isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and was associated with other human diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats may be globally distributed though information on the prevalence and economic impact in many developing countries seem to be scanty. Goats are more susceptible to infection than sheep and both species are likely to develop the clinical disease. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated with faeces of MAP-positive animals is the common route of infection, which then spreads horizontally and vertically. In African countries, PTB has been described as a “neglected disease”, and in small ruminants, which support the livelihood of people in rural areas and poor communities, the disease was rarely reported. Prevention and control of small ruminants’ PTB is difficult because diagnostic assays demonstrate poor sensitivity early in the disease process, in addition to the difficulties in identifying subclinically infected animals. Further studies are needed to provide more insight on molecular epidemiology, transmission, and impact on other animals or humans, socio-economic aspects, prevention and control of small ruminant PTB.

Cystic echinococcosis in animals and humans of Maharashtra State, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Vaidya ◽  
R.J. Zende ◽  
A.M. Paturkar ◽  
M.L. Gatne ◽  
D.G. Dighe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sera Samples

AbstractEchinococcosis/hydatidosis which is a neglected parasitic zoonosis in the developing country like India. The study was conducted during April, 2010 to March, 2017 to determine the prevalence among slaughtered food animals, dogs and human. The samples were collected from the various slaughterhouses situated in different regions of Maharashtra state. A total of 9464 cattle (male), 3661 buffalo, 47189 sheep, 33350 goats and 13579 pigs were scientifically examined during PM inspection at different slaughterhouses. The study revealed that the prevalence of disease in cattle (3.00%) was highest followed by buffalo (2.05%), pig (1.28%), sheep (0.09%) and goat (0.01%), by PM examination. The average estimated economic losses (direct and indirect) due to hydatidosis were Rs. 8,65,83,566 in cattle, Rs. 44,33,93,900 in buffalo, Rs. 7,24,50,615 in sheep, Rs. 1,88,29,359 in goat and Rs. 5,20,49,081 in pigs. Dog faecal samples analyzed and showed the prevalence of echinococcosis as 4.34% (19/438) by sedimentation method and positive samples were confirmed by PCR assay, whereas in high risk human, 11.09% sera samples were found to be positive for echinococcosis. However, based on data collection for seven years, 58 patients were found to be surgically operated for hydatid cyst removal. The results of the present study indicated that cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is prevalent in both human and animal population in study areas which attracts serious attention from veterinary and public health authority to reduce economic burden and in designing appropriate strategy for prevention and control of disease.

scholarly journals The impact of management practices to prevent and control mycotoxins in the European food supply chain: MyToolBox project results

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
M. Focker ◽  
H.J. van der Fels-Klerx ◽  
N. Magan ◽  
S.G. Edwards ◽  
M. Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The presence of mycotoxins in cereals has led to large economic losses in Europe. In the course of the European project MyToolBox, prevention and control measures to reduce mycotoxin contamination in cereals were developed. This study aimed to estimate the impact of these prevention and control measures on both the reduction in crop losses and the increased volume of crops suitable for food and/or feed. It focused on the following measures: the use of fungicides during wheat cultivation, the use of resistant maize cultivars and/or biocontrol during maize cultivation, the use of real time sensors in storage silos, the use of innovative milling strategies during the pasta making process, and the employment of degrading enzymes during the process of bioethanol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) production. The impact assessment was based on the annual volume of cereals produced, the annual levels of mycotoxin contamination, and experimental data on the prevention and control measures collected in the course of the MyToolBox project. Results are expressed in terms of reduced volumes of cereals lost, or as additional volumes of cereals available for food meeting the current European legal limits. Results showed that a reduction in crop losses as well as an increase in the volume of crops suitable as food and/or feed is feasible with each proposed prevention or control measure along the supply chain. The impact was the largest in areas and in years with the highest mycotoxin contamination levels but would have less impact in years with low mycotoxin levels. In further research, the impact assessment may be validated using future data from more years and European sites. Decision makers in the food and feed supply chain can use this impact assessment to decide on the relevant prevention and control strategies to apply.

scholarly journals The Application of Hazard Vulnerability Analysis in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li MA ◽  
Shiyue ZOU ◽  
Yanyi LIU ◽  
Jing LA ◽  
Junhua YANG
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
And Control

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused massive casualties, severe economic losses, and poses a threat to the world. This study's primary objective was to analyze the hospital's potential hazards of COVID-19 prevention and control. The second objective was to review the disaster plan and make recommendations to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals. Methods: An expert group for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi Dis-trict, Chengdu, China was established. We adopted the hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) to riskstratify potential hazards and calculated relative risk values. We used the Delphi expert consultation method to propose and implement targeted improvement measures for the top five potential hazards. Then, the effects before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The top five hazards were: insufficient Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (25.68%), inadequate diagnosis ability of clinicians (22.55%), and inadequate management strategies of patients and caregivers (22.38%), lack of professional ability of pre-checking and triage staff (16.96%), lack of knowledge of COVID-19 of medical staff (15.59%). After taking targeted improvement measures, the average score of the hospital staff's COVID-19 knowledge test increased from 73.26 points to 90.44 points, the average test score of the outsourcing company employees increased from 68.55 to 89.75 points. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: HVA can be used to systematically risk-stratify potential threats, measure the probability of those potential hazards, and develop various hospital prevention and control measures for COVID-19 epidemics.

Molecular detection and epidemiology of chicken infectious anaemia virus in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
M. Y. Wani ◽  
K. Dhama ◽  
R. Barathidasan ◽  
V. Gowthaman ◽  
R. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
And Control ◽  
Young Chicks

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an economically important disease affecting poultry, especially young chicks, characterized by poor weight gain, anemia, immunosuppression and production losses. Recent reports indicate that the virus is emerging and re-emerging worldwide.  Also, scarce reports regarding the molecular detection and epidemiology of virus from India are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the virus in the commercial poultry farms of the country employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the suspected 424 field samples tested from 12 different states of the country during the last five years (2007-2012), 311 (73.3%) samples were found positive for CIAV-DNA indicating the wide prevalence of the virus in India. The age wise prevalence of the virus indicated high prevalence in young chicks of up to three weeks (80.3%) of age compared to 3-7 (66.6%) and 7-12 (25%) week age groups. Being an immunosuppressive emerging pathogen circulating among the poultry flocks of the country, suitable prevention and control measures need to be adopted timely. This is a first elaborative report on the molecular epidemiology of CIAV in poultry flocks of the country. Extensive epidemiological studies are suggested to know the magnitude of the virus affecting poultry industry of the country, and design and formulate effective disease prevention and control strategies to reduce economic losses being caused by emerging virus.

Preliminary Exploration and Management Analysis of the Impact of the Avian Influenza Epidemics from the Point View of Chinese Animal Farmers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Kerong Zhang ◽  
Wuyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
The Government ◽  
Behavior Choices ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

<p>In the study, the outbreak of avian influenza was explored analyzed in depth with all the data resources available. It was found that behavior choices and motivations of the animal producers fundamentally depended on their interests and accessing means in the process of animal epidemic disease prevention and control. It was suggested that the government and its sectors should formulate and execute an appropriate compensation system and make compensation timely when there appears an economic impact of major epidemic animal diseases on the producers and the producers’ economic losses are found. Furthermore, the government should take any effective measures to guide and promote the transformation of the conventional modes of livestock production, and lead those farmers and producers to the changed ways of conventional livestock production activities and modes to reduce the probabilities of animal diseases spread and outbreak, especially the infectious diseases like avian influenza.</p>

scholarly journals Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Jindai Fan ◽  
Yingxin Liao ◽  
Mengru Zhang ◽  
Chenchen Liu ◽  
Zhaoyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Swine Disease ◽  
And Control

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Biosecurity measures and vaccination are the main methods for prevention and control of CSF since no specific drug is available for the effective treatment of CSF. Although a series of biosecurity and vaccination strategies have been developed to curb the outbreak events, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in CSF-endemic and re-emerging areas. Thus, in addition to implementing enhanced biosecurity measures and exploring more effective CSF vaccines, other strategies are also needed for effectively controlling CSF. Currently, more and more research about anti-CSFV strategies was carried out by scientists, because of the great prospects and value of anti-CSFV strategies in the prevention and control of CSF. Additionally, studies on anti-CSFV strategies could be used as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. In this review, we aim to summarize the research on anti-CSFV strategies. In detail, host proteins affecting CSFV replication, drug candidates with anti-CSFV effects, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CSFV viral genes were mentioned and the possible mechanisms related to anti-CSFV effects were also summarized.

scholarly journals Insights into the Nigerian COVID19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeoluwa Adewale Fasoro ◽  
Chinedu Ugwu ◽  
Adewole Adekola ◽  
Oyebola Oyesola ◽  
Jonathan Heeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
International Borders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Populous Country

Given the pace of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and its relatively high mortality rate, COVID-19, has the potential to become the most severe pandemic in recent times. This virus&rsquo;s spread across international borders has triggered different responses in countries around the globe with a spectrum of mild, moderate to severe outcomes. Nigeria, Africa&rsquo;s most populous country with many densely populated cities, presents a unique situation for the explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, at the point of this writing, the number of reported confirmed infection and mortality is comparatively lower to other countries with dense urban populations. The exact reasons for this are not clear but include societal, political and infrastructural factors that will influence the course of the outbreak in Nigeria. In this perspective, we have described the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and its associated peculiarities. We identify critical steps that remain to be taken to contain and control the outbreak in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Analysis and Countermeasure of Sow’s Postnatal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Careful Observation ◽  
Normal Production ◽  
And Control

In the delivery, the sow postpartum non-eating disease is often occurs, once the disease, if not cured, the occurrence of the disease will lead to sows lack of milk or no milk, aff ecting sow and piglets growth and development (for example, Piglets yellow and white diarrhea), more serious and even death, can also lead to sow death or forced to eliminate, aff ecting the normal production and reproduction of the continued, to the pig industry to bring some economic losses. In this paper, the sow postnatal do not eat the careful observation, do the corresponding experiments and records, the system introduced the sow postpartum not eat the performance and impact, and fi nally according to the sow postnatal do not eat the diff erent factors, to take the appropriate countermeasures and Prevention. Through comparison, a more comprehensive comprehensive prevention and control program is obtained.

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