scholarly journals Clearance of Free Silica in Rat Lungs by Spraying with Chinese Herbal Kombucha

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai-fang Fu ◽  
Chang-hui Luo ◽  
Jun-cai Wu ◽  
Yan-yan Zheng ◽  
Yong-jin Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Histopathological Lesions ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Macrophage Viability

The effects of spraying with kombucha and Chinese herbal kombucha were compared with treatments with tetrandrine in a rat silicosis model. Silica dust (50 mg) was injected into the lungs of rats, which were then treated with one of the experimental treatments for a month. The rats were then killed and the effects of the treatments were evaluated by examining the extent and severity of the histopathological lesions in the animals’ lungs, measuring their organ coefficients and lung collagen contents, determining the dry and wet weights of their lungs, and measuring the free silica content of the dried lungs. In addition, lavage was performed on whole lungs taken from selected rats, and the numbers and types of cells in the lavage fluid were counted. The most effective treatment in terms of the ability to reduce lung collagen content and minimize the formation of pulmonary histopathological lesions was tetrandrine treatment, followed by Chinese herbal kombucha and non-Chinese herbal kombucha. However, the lavage fluid cell counts indicated that tetrandrine treatment had severe adverse effects on macrophage viability. This effect was much less pronounced for the kombucha and Chinese herbal kombucha treatments. Moreover, the free silica levels in the lungs of animals treated with Chinese herbal kombucha were significantly lower than those for any other silica-exposed group. These preliminary results indicate that spraying with Chinese herbal kombucha preparations can effectively promote the discharge of silica dust from lung tissues. Chinese herbal kombucha inhalation may thus be a useful new treatment for silicosis and other pneumoconiosis diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust in Mining Workers in Eastern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Golbabaei ◽  
Abdollah Gholami ◽  
Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Mojtaba Kianmehr
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Free Silica

Background and Objective: Silica dust is present in almost all mining operations and can cause various health problems such as silicosis in workers. The present study aimed to determine the total and respirable dust levels and the crystalline silica content of the soil in the breathing zone of workers in Iranian mines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016-2017 on six Iranian silica mines. Dust sampling was performed according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method No. 0600. The samples were collected from the respiratory zone of workers at 114 stations in different units of the mines. The silica content was measured using the standard NIOSH method No. 7601. The crystalline silica content in bulk samples collected from the soil was determined by using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy method. Results: The highest concentration of crystalline silica dust was 2.81±0.49 mg/m3 and was observed in the air of crushing unit of mine no. 6, and the lowest was 0.08±0.208 mg/m3 and was measured in the management/administration unit of mine no.1. The mean silica content in the solid surface of the mines was 91%. The total and respirable dust levels in all units of the mines except management/administration were higher than the permissible limit. The free silica content of all collected samples was substantially higher than the permissible limits, and in some cases, it was as much as 100 times above the standard level, which reflects the extremely high risk of working in these mines. Conclusion: Exposure of workers with crystalline silica dust in all units was higher than the standard recommended limits. It is imperative to adopt immediate measures based on technical, managerial, and personal protection solutions to reduce the exposure of workers to silica.

scholarly journals Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na-Rae Shin ◽  
Chul Kim ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Je-Won Ko ◽  
Young-Kwon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Galgeun-tang water extract (GGWE) is used to treat various diseases such as the common cold, eczema and asthma in China and Korea. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GGWE using a cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced induced pulmonary inflammation mouse model. The mice were exposed to CS for a total of seven days (eight cigarettes per day for 1 h) and LPS was administered intranasally to mice on day 4. GGWE was administered by oral gavage at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg 1 h before exposure to CS. GGWE decreased inflammatory cell counts, and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice exposed to CS and LPS. GGWE reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa-B subunit alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in CS- and LPS-exposed mice. Histological examinations revealed that GGWE suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue compared to untreated CS- and LPS-exposed mice. In conclusion, GGWE effectively suppressed CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Our results indicate that GGWE may be used as a protective drug to control pulmonary inflammation diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals Dietary soy isoflavones reduce pathogen-related mortality in growing pigs under porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke N Smith ◽  
Maci L Oelschlager ◽  
Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed ◽  
Ryan N Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important disease, and ingestion of soy isoflavones (ISF) may benefit PRRSV-infected pigs due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The objective of this experiment was to recreate immunological effects previously observed in young pigs infected with PRRSV receiving ISF and determine how those effects influence growth performance during the entire growth period from weaning to market. In total, 96 weaned barrows were group housed in a biosafety level-2 containment facility and allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (NEG, n = 24), and infected pigs received either the control diet (POS, n = 36) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,600 mg/kg (ISF, n = 36). Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). After inoculation, individual blood samples (n = 8 to 12/treatment) were routinely collected to monitor viral clearance and hematological parameters, including serum neutralizing anti-PRRSV antibody production. Pen-based oral fluids were used to monitor PRRSV clearance at later growth stages. A 1- or 2-way ANOVA was performed to compare experimental treatments depending on whether the outcome was repeatedly measured. In general, PRRSV infection decreased performance during early growth phases, resulting in 5.4% lower final BW for POS vs. NEG pigs (P < 0.05). Dietary ISF elicited inconsistent effects on growth performance, increased (P < 0.05) neutrophil cell counts and the relative proportion of memory T-cells, and decreased (P < 0.05) the time to full PRRSV clearance from oral fluids. Dietary ISF also elicited earlier, more robust anti-PRRSV neutralizing antibody production when compared with POS pigs. Additionally, and most notably, POS pigs experienced ~50% greater infection-related mortality rate vs. ISF pigs (P < 0.05), which may have significant economic implications for producers. Overall, dietary ISF ingestion supported immune responses and reduced mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs when fed to growing pigs though the biological mechanism of these effects remains unclear.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia impedes lung bacterial clearance in a murine model of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. L43-L49 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Hunt ◽  
Susu M. Zughaier ◽  
Dana E. Guentert ◽  
Melissa A. Shenep ◽  
Michael Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Bacterial Clearance ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Cf Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
And Control

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), impacting more than half of patients over age 30. CFRD is clinically significant, portending accelerated decline in lung function, more frequent pulmonary exacerbations, and increased mortality. Despite the profound morbidity associated with CFRD, little is known about the underlying CFRD-related pulmonary pathology. Our aim was to develop a murine model of CFRD to explore the hypothesis that elevated glucose in CFRD is associated with reduced lung bacterial clearance. A diabetic phenotype was induced in gut-corrected CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mice (CFKO) and their CFTR-expressing wild-type littermates (WT) utilizing streptozotocin. Mice were subsequently challenged with an intratracheal inoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) (75 μl of 1–5 × 106 cfu/ml) for 18 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for glucose concentration and cell counts. A portion of the lung was homogenized and cultured as a measure of the remaining viable PAO1 inoculum. Diabetic mice had increased airway glucose compared with nondiabetic mice. The ability to clear bacteria from the lung was significantly reduced in diabetic WT mice and control CFKO mice. Critically, bacterial clearance by diabetic CFKO mice was significantly more diminished compared with nondiabetic CFKO mice, despite an even more robust recruitment of neutrophils to the airways. This finding that CFRD mice boast an exaggerated, but less effective, inflammatory cell response to intratracheal PAO1 challenge presents a novel and useful murine model to help identify therapeutic strategies that promote bacterial clearance in CFRD.

Role of Cftr genotype in the response to chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. L944-L952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. van Heeckeren ◽  
Mark D. Schluchter ◽  
Mitchell L. Drumm ◽  
Pamela B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Functional Defect ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Patients with cystic fibrosis have a lesion in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which is associated with abnormal regulation of other ion channels, abnormal glycosylation of secreted and cell surface molecules, and vulnerability to bacterial infection and inflammation in the lung usually leading to the death of these patients. The exact mechanism(s) by which mutation in CFTR leads to lung infection and inflammation is not clear. Mice bearing different mutations in the murine homolog to CFTR ( Cftr) (R117H, S489X, Y122X, and ΔF508, all backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background) were compared with respect to growth and in their ability to respond to lung infection elicited with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-laden agarose beads. Body weights of mice bearing mutations in Cftr were significantly smaller than wild-type mice at most ages. The inflammatory responses to P. aeruginosa-laden agarose beads were comparable in mice of all four Cftr mutant genotypes with respect to absolute and relative cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and keratinocyte chemoattractant) and eicosanoid levels (PGE2 and LTB4) in epithelial lining fluid: the few small differences observed occurred only between cystic fibrosis mice bearing the S489X mutation and those bearing the knockout mutation Y122X. Thus we cannot implicate either misprocessing of CFTR or failure of CFTR to reach the plasma membrane in the genesis of the excess inflammatory response of CF mice. Therefore, it appears that any functional defect in CFTR produces comparable inflammatory responses to lung infections with P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among workers exposed to free silica dust

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RajnarayanR Tiwari ◽  
YashwantK Sharma ◽  
HabibullahN Saiyed
Keyword(s):  
Silica Dust ◽  
Free Silica

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of crushed glass abrasive manufacturing from recycled glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
I Zulkarnain ◽  
L S Lai ◽  
M I Syakir ◽  
A A Rahman ◽  
S Yusuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key motivation factors to determine the characteristics of green abrasives, contributing to carbon emissions reduction, reduce waste generation and build up a recycling-based sustainable blasting industry. Such aim can be evaluated through life cycle assessment as a structured basis for evaluating the performance of environmental impacts and benefits of green abrasives application in blasting industry. Crushed glass is one of zero free silica content abrasives from recycled glass, and it is widely used due to inert and safe characteristics. Database of life cycle inventory (LCI) are obtained through literature review. Production of 1 ton/year of crushed glass abrasives has been modelled at gate-to-gate boundary where the human health appears as the major impact potentials (0.71 DALY, disability-adjusted life year) at the production stage. The selection of 100% recycled glass as the raw materials in the supply chain has led to insignificant impact potentials of resources scarcity and ecosystem damages per unit production of 1 ton of crushed glass at USD 4.79 and 0.06 species. year, respectively.

scholarly journals A review on current strategies and emerging treatments in management of silicosis: An ayurveda perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Shubhada V Mangrilkar ◽  
Dhanashri Tikaram Jawal ◽  
Prasad Sherekar ◽  
Dinesh R Chaple
Keyword(s):  
Silica Dust ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Natural Plants ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Ongoing Infection

Silicosis is a possibly deadly, irreversible, fibrotic pneumonic sickness that may create resulting to the inward breath of a lot of silica dust over the long haul. As a rule, silicosis just creates resulting to significant word related presentations. The sickness has a long idleness period and may clinically present as an intense, quickened, or ongoing infection.In this audit the medicines that can lessen the aggravation and scarring in which are as nodular injuries in the upper projections of the lungs. The principle point of audit is to the likely home grown treatment for silicosis. This survey zeroed in on different medicines which incorporate natural plants, neutraceuticals, polyherbals, and herbominerals and furthermore cell based treatment for silicosis.From that review we presume that the natural treatment which is utilized in treatment of silicosis is potential treatments which incorporate huge quantities of home grown plants, polyherbals, neutraceuticals and herbominerals likewise incorporate the new treatment for silicosis is the cell based treatment.

scholarly journals Determination of Free Silica Content on the Deck Glass

1958 ◽  
Vol 74 (846) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu HAGIWARA ◽  
Tadaharu NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Silica Content ◽  
Free Silica

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase 4 Signaling in a Ventilator-induced Lung Injury Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Mi Hwa Shin ◽  
Ah Young Leem ◽  
Su Hwan Lee ◽  
Kyung Soo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. We investigated the role of NOX4 in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model.Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 knockout (KO) male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV; (3) NOX4 KO group; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + NOX4 inhibitor. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined.In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations from BALF were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p<0.001). In the NOX4 KO group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (p<0.001). NOX4 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the ICU.In the VILI model, it may be possible to block VILI using NOX4 antibodies.

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