scholarly journals Adult Medication-Free Schizophrenic Patients Exhibit Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. McNamara ◽  
Ronald Jandacek ◽  
Therese Rider ◽  
Patrick Tso ◽  
Yogesh Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Chain

Deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn − 3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n − 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n − 3), has been implicated in the pathoetiology of cardiovascular disease, a primary cause of excess premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). In the present study, we determined erythrocyte EPA + DHA levels in adult medication-free patients SZ (n=20) and age-matched healthy controls (n=24). Erythrocyte EPA + DHA composition exhibited by SZ patients (3.5%) was significantly lower than healthy controls (4.5%, −22%, P=0.007). The majority of SZ patients (72%) exhibited EPA+DHA levels ≤4.0% compared with 37% of controls (Chi-square, P=0.001). In contrast, the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n−6) (+9%, P=0.02) and the AA:EPA + DHA ratio (+28%, P=0.0004) were significantly greater in SZ patients. Linoleic acid (18:2n−6) was significantly lower (−12%, P=0.009) and the erythrocyte 20:3/18:2 ratio (an index of delta6-desaturase activity) was significantly elevated in SZ patients. Compared with same-gender controls, EPA + DHA composition was significantly lower in male (−19%, P=0.04) but not female (−13%, P=0.33) SZ patients, whereas the 20:3/18:2 ratio was significantly elevated in both male (+22%, P=0.008) and female (+22%, P=0.04) SZ patients. These results suggest that the majority of SZ patients exhibit low LCn − 3 fatty acid levels which may place them at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alketbi Fatima Mohammed ◽  
Bolaji Lilian ◽  
Zampelas Antonis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background: One of the leading causes of death around the globe is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nutrition plays a vital role in the prevention of CVD. However, the effects of margarines, rich in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, compared to butter, are still controversial in plasma lipid levels.  Method: A single blind parallel study was carried out. Twelve (n=12) healthy UAE University female students were recruited from age 19-24 years old and were randomly allocated in 2 groups. The participants were asked to consume either 25g of margarine or 25g of butter for 1 month and to retain their normal daily dietary habits. Fasting blood samples were collected before the beginning and at the end of the dietary periods for the assessment of lipid profile.Result: Triglycerides decreased by 12% within the intervention group, total cholesterol, and glucose levels were decreased in both groups, but it was not statistically significant within and between the margarine and butter group.Conclusion: The present study showed no statistical differences in the effects of butter and margarine, enriched with n-3 and n-6 fatty acid, on cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. Further research is necessary with bigger sample size and longer duration. 

scholarly journals Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. e4304-e4327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Jia ◽  
Caroline Sun ◽  
Olive Tang ◽  
Ivan Gorlov ◽  
Vijay Nambi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Context Lower dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels have been inconsistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality. Data are limited for heart failure (HF) and association between DHEA-S change and events. Objective Assess associations between low DHEA-S/DHEA-S change and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, and mortality in older adults. Design DHEA-S was measured in stored plasma from visits 4 (1996-1998) and 5 (2011-2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Follow-up for incident events: 18 years for DHEA-S level; 5.5 years for DHEA-S change. Setting General community. Participants Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease (n = 8143, mean age 63 years). Main Outcome Measure Associations between DHEA-S and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, or mortality; associations between 15-year change in DHEA-S (n = 3706) and cardiovascular events. Results DHEA-S below the 15th sex-specific percentile of the study population (men: 55.4 µg/dL; women: 27.4 µg/dL) was associated with increased HF hospitalization (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.58; women: HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13-1.79); DHEA-S below the 25th sex-specific percentile (men: 70.0 µg/dL; women: 37.1 µg/dL) was associated with increased death (men: HR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; women: HR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). In men, but not women, greater percentage decrease in DHEA-S was associated with increased HF hospitalization (HR 1.94, 95% CI, 1.11-3.39). Low DHEA-S and change in DHEA-S were not associated with incident CHD. Conclusions Low DHEA-S is associated with increased risk for HF and mortality but not CHD. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate mechanisms underlying these associations.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

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