scholarly journals Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadia Mahmoud ◽  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Th 17 ◽  
Healthy Control

This study evaluates peripheral blood T lymphocyte expression of inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines as well as T regulatory (Treg) (FOXP3+CD25+CD4+) cells in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Participants included 40 T2DM and 30 healthy control subjects. Twenty-four patients had no complications while 16 were afflicted with coronary heart disease (CHD). Relative to healthy subjects, all T2DM patients showed a significant increase in expression of CD4+IFN-ϒ+, CD4+TNF-α+, and CD4+IL-8+ T cells () as well as CD4+IL-6+, CD4+IL-1β+, and IL-17+ T cells () while the ratios of Treg/Th1(CD4+IFN-ϒ+) and Treg/Th-17(CD4+IL-17+) cells were significantly decreased ( and ). T2DM patients with CHD showed a significant increase in CD4+IFN-ϒ+, CD4+TNF-α+, and CD4+IL-17+ T cells and a significant decrease in Treg/Th1 and Treg/IL-17 cells compared to T2DM patients without CHD (). In CHD-afflicted T2DM, HbA1c correlated positively with CD4+IFN-ϒ+ T cells (), HDL correlated negatively with each of CD4+IL-8+ T cells and CD4+IL-17+ T cells (), and LDL correlated positively with CD4+IL-1β+ T cells ().Conclusion. This study shows that hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia correlate with increased inflammatory cytokine expression and suggests the involvement of T cells in the development of diabetes and its complications.

scholarly journals Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Samir Salah El-Din ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Amin ◽  
Ahmed Osman Egiza
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Clinical Measurements

AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests.RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Does Not Improve Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 3783-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Beckman ◽  
Allison B. Goldfine ◽  
Alison Goldin ◽  
Adnan Prsic ◽  
Sora Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Context: Antagonism of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) restores endothelial function in experimental models of diabetes and prevents vascular dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that PKCβ antagonism would improve vascular function in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. Design: The effect of PKCβ was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial. Setting: The study was performed in the outpatient setting of a university medical center. Participants: Thirteen subjects with type 2 diabetes without evidence of cardiovascular disease and 15 healthy control subjects were recruited via newspaper advertisement. Intervention: Subjects underwent a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial of the selective PKCβ antagonist ruboxistaurin mesylate. Subjects received each treatment for 14 d. Main Outcome Measure: Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels was measured with mercury-in-silastic, strain-gauge plethysmography during intraarterial administration of methacholine chloride and verapamil, respectively. Markers of inflammation, fibrinolysis, endothelial damage, and oxidative stress were measured after each treatment. Results: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels was attenuated in diabetic subjects when compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.001). Endothelium-independent vasodilation did not differ between groups (P value not significant). Ruboxistaurin did not significantly change endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent vasodilation or blood-based markers of inflammation, fibrinolysis, endothelial damage, and oxidative stress in either diabetic or healthy subjects. Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels was not improved by 2 wk of selective PKCβ inhibition in patients with diabetes. These results suggest that PKCβ does not contribute significantly to vascular dysfunction in otherwise healthy patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Serum leptin concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Arleta Malecha-Jedraszek ◽  
Agata Burska ◽  
Beata Matyjaszek-Matuszek ◽  
Helena Donica
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractWith the increasing importance of early type 2 diabetes (DM2) and obesity detection, it is useful to reevaluate leptin role in these conditions. Our study aimed at investigating circulating leptin concentrations in a group of patients with DM2, and at assessing in detail whether leptin concentrations correlate with selected biochemical, clinical parameters and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with DM2 and in healthy volunteers. In our work, we analysed samples and data drawn from 71 patients aged 61.4 ± 11.7 years, who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, as well as from a healthy control group (HC) consisting of 51 healthy subjects with a mean age of 57.8 ± 13.7 years. Therein, the concentration of leptin in the DM2 patients was significantly higher than in the HC (p < 0.01), with median value of 16.59 (IQR 8.58-33.39) ng/ml in the DM2, vs median value of 6.66 (IQR 4.52-21.40) ng/ml in the HC. In the analysis of variance, higher leptin concentrations were revealed in the DM2 group as compared to the HC, and this figure remained significant after adjusting for gender and age (p < 0.001). Moreover, it was independent of HOMA-IR (p = 0.003). However, the differences in leptin levels between the groups disappeared when additional adjustments for anthropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) were applied (p = 0.088). Beyond the aforementioned, significant positive correlations were found in the DM 2 group between leptin level and CRP (r=0.256; p < 0.05) and IL-6 (r = 0.345; p < 0.01). Among the selected variables, only gender and BMI were included in the predictive model explaining the variability of leptin, and, in total, were responsible for 72.6% of the original variation of the studied adipocytokine. The results of this study have led to conclusion that leptin may participate in the complex pathogenesis of DM2 and be a predictor of the development of this disease. As higher concentrations of leptin coexist with obesity, and this situation correlates positively with markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6), leptin level, hence, should be considered in the pathogenesis of DM2.

Flow Cytometric Analysis of T Cell Functions in CML Patients Under Imatinib Therapy

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2633-2633
Author(s):  
Deniz Goren Sahin ◽  
Klara Dalva ◽  
Sema Meric ◽  
Gunhan Gurman ◽  
Muhit Ozcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Imatinib is currently the most chosen agent in the treatment of CML patients. There are published articles reporting that imatinib has suppressive effects on T lymphocytes. However there is little information avaliable about the effects of imatinib on the immune regulation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and effect of graft versus leukemia. In light of these observations, in our study, primary objective was in vivo analysis of T lymphocyte functions by flow cytometry and the secondary objective was to evaluate the possible functional changes that might occur under imatinib therapy in CML patients. A total of 29 patients and 9 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this cross sectional, clinical-laboratory study. CML patients were divided into three groups as newly diagnosed patients having no treatment (group 1), patients receiving imatinib for 1 year (group 2) and patients receiving imatinib more than 1 year (group 3), respectively. Healthy control subjects were regarded as group 4. To evaluate T lymphocyte functions, cells were induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomisin then CD4+ T-cells were selected and IL-4 and IFN-γ expression on these cells; how much percentage of CD3+ T cells were activated (CD3+CD69+); CD8+ T lymphocytes and the ratio and grade of expression of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on those cells were evaluated, respectively. In our study, there was no significant difference in terms of mean number of CD4+ cells between the groups (p=0.125). However, there was a tendency toward higher CD4+ cells in group 4. Cytokine expression analyses (IL-4 and IFNgamma) were found not to be statistically significant between the groups. (p values 0.112 and 0.165 respectively). It was striking that group 4 has lower IL-4 and IFNgamma expression values but just failed to reach a statistical significant level. On the other hand, mean number of CD4+ cells, which did not express IL-4 and IFNgamma, were statistically higher in group 4 when compared to other groups. There were no significant differences in terms of CD3+ cells and CD69+ expression, which was an early activation marker of T cells. However, it was found differences in % activation values (p=0.002) and % activation of subjects in group 4 was found to be decreased when compared to that of other groups (Figure 1). CD8+ cell ratio was found to be statistically lower in all CML patient groups when compared to that of healthy control subjects (p=0.001). The expression of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on CD8+ cells was similar between the groups. We could not show any inhibitory effect of imatinib on T cell functions that could support clinical observations. It will be a research area how this interaction will be in new and more potent 2nd and 3rd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Figure 1. Graph showing distribution of mean percent activity between the groups. Note that group 4 shows significant lower values of mean percent activity. Figure 1. Graph showing distribution of mean percent activity between the groups. Note that group 4 shows significant lower values of mean percent activity.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease prevalence in type 2 diabetes – an analysis of a large German statutory health insurance database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gabler ◽  
Silke Geier ◽  
Lukas Mayerhoff ◽  
Wolfgang Rathmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Germany. Methods A claims database with an age- and sex-stratified sample of nearly 4 million individuals insured within the German statutory health system was used. All patients aged ≥18 years with T2D documented between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 and complete retrospective documentation of ≥5 years (continuous enrollment in the German statutory health system) before 2015 were selected based on a validated algorithm. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were identified based on ICD-10 and OPS codes according to a previous clinical study (EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial). Results The prevalence of T2D in Germany in 2015 was 9.9% (n = 324,708). Using a narrow definition of CVD, the 6-year observation period prevalence of CVD was estimated as 46.7% [95% CI: 46.52%;46.86%]. Applying a wider CVD definition, the proportion of T2D patients who showed a history of CVD was 57.1% [95% CI: 56.9%;57.24%]. The prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D ranged from 36.3 to 57.1%, depending on the observation period and definition of CVD. Conclusions The results underline the need for a population-based registration of cardiovascular complications in T2D.

scholarly journals Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002032
Author(s):  
Marcela Martinez ◽  
Jimena Santamarina ◽  
Adrian Pavesi ◽  
Carla Musso ◽  
Guillermo E Umpierrez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin is currently the gold standard for assessment of long-term glycemic control and response to medical treatment in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, however, does not address fluctuations in blood glucose. Glycemic variability (GV) refers to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Recent clinical data indicate that GV is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and mortality in patients with diabetes, independently of glycated hemoglobin level. The use of continuous glucose monitoring devices has markedly improved the assessment of GV in clinical practice and facilitated the assessment of GV as well as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events in patients with diabetes. We review current concepts on the definition and assessment of GV and its association with cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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