Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Two Contrasting Barley Genotypes under Salinity Stress during the Seedling Stage

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop productivity. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for salt tolerance in barley will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of barley responses to salt stress. We compared changes in transcriptome between Hua 11 (a salt-tolerant genotype) and Hua 30 (a salt sensitive genotype) in response to salt stress at the seedling stage using barley cDNA microarrays. In total, 557 and 247 salt-responsive genes were expressed exclusively in the shoot and root tissue of the salt-tolerant genotype, respectively. Among these genes, a number of signal-related genes, transcription factors and compatible solutes were identified and some of these genes were carefully discussed. Notably, a LysM RLK was firstly found involved in salt stress response. Moreover, key enzymes in the pathways of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis were specifically affected by salt stress in salt tolerance genotype. These salt-responsive genes and biochemical pathways identified in this study could provide further information for understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

10.21203/rs.2.16313/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Cong An ◽

Hailin Guo ◽

Xiangyang Yang ◽

Jingbo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

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Morphological and Genetic Diversity within Salt Tolerance Detection in Eighteen Wheat Genotypes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9030287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ibrahim Al-Ashkar ◽

Ali Alderfasi ◽

Walid Ben Romdhane ◽

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Rania A. El-Said ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phenotypic Trait ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Relative Change

Salinity is a major obstacle to wheat production worldwide. Salt-affected soils could be used by improving salt-tolerant genotypes depending upon the genetic variation and salt stress response of adapted and donor wheat germplasm. We used a comprehensive set of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker technique with multivariate analysis to accurately demonstrate the phenotypic and genetic variation of 18 wheat genotypes under salinity stress. All genotypes were evaluated without NaCl as a control and with 150 mM NaCl, until the onset of symptoms of death in the sensitive plant (after 43 days of salinity treatment). The results showed that the relative change of the genetic variation was high for all parameters, heritability (>60%), and genetic gain (>20%). Stepwise regression analysis, noting the importance of the root dry matter, relative turgidity, and their respective contributions to the shoot dry matter, indicated their relevance in improving and evaluating the salt-tolerant genotypes of breeding programs. The relative change of the genotypes in terms of the relative turgidity and shoot dry matter during salt stress was verified using clustering methods. For cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified into three groups: tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive, representing five, six, and seven genotypes, respectively. The morphological and genetic distances were significantly correlated based on the Mantel test. Of the 23 SSR markers that showed polymorphism, 17 were associated with almost all examined parameters. Therefore, based on the observed molecular marker-phenotypic trait association, the markers were highly useful in detecting tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Thus, it considers a helpful tool for salt tolerance through marker-assisted selection.

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Selection of sunflower genotypes for salt stress and mechanisms of salt tolerance in contrasting genotypes

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044020120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

André Dias de Azevedo Neto ◽

Katia Núbia Azevedo Barros Mota ◽

Petterson Costa Conceição Silva ◽

Alide Mitsue Watanabe Cova ◽

Rogério Ferreira Ribas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

High K ◽

Species Characteristics ◽

Mechanisms Of Salt Tolerance ◽

Lower Biomass

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main limiting factors for crop growth. The metabolic responses to salt stress are variable and depend on species characteristics. This study aimed to select sunflower genotypes tolerant to salt stress and evaluate some mechanisms of salt tolerance in two contrasting (salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive) genotypes. In the first assay, the biomass production and the accumulation of Na+ and K+ in 26 sunflower genotypes were evaluated. Genotypes AG963, AG967, AG972, BRS321, BRS324, H251, H360 and H863 showed lower biomass production and were characterized as salt-sensitive and the genotypes BRS323, Catisol, EXP11-26, EXP44-49, EXP60050, EXP887, HLA860HO and Olisun 5 showed higher biomass production and were considered salt-tolerant. The high K+ content and the low Na+ content in the leaves were the ion traits related to salt tolerance and can be used in sunflower breeding programs for this purpose. In the second assay, the plants of salt-tolerant BRS323 had lower Na+ and Cl- contents and higher levels of K+ than plants of salt-sensitive AG967. A better homeostasis in the mechanisms of transport, distribution and accumulation of inorganic solutes in conjunction with a more efficient osmoregulation mechanism through the synthesis of organic solutes may, at least in part, explain the greater salt-tolerance of BRS323 genotype in comparison to AG967.

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Effects of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21672 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

Ensieh Ashrafi ◽

Morteza Zahedi ◽

Jamshid Razmjoo

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Mda Content ◽

Medicago Sativa L

The effect of salt stress on enzyme activities of nine alfalfa cultivars at germination and seedling stage was studied. The activities of SOD, GR, POX and APOX were higher in salt tolerant and lower in salt sensitive cultivars. Results of the effect of salt stress on the SOD, GR, POX, APOX activities and MDA content may be used to select salt tolerance cultivars at the germination and seedling stages. SOD, GR, POX, APOX and MDA may play an important role in salt tolerant mechanisms in alfalfa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21672 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 191-196, 2014 (September)

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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis reveal molecular basis of salinity tolerance in a novel strong salt-tolerant rice landrace Changmaogu

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-019-0360-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bing-Rui Sun ◽

Chong-Yun Fu ◽

Zhi-Lan Fan ◽

Yu Chen ◽

Wen-Feng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Transcriptomic Sequencing ◽

Rice Landrace

Abstract Background Salt stress is an important factor that limits rice yield. We identified a novel, strongly salt tolerant rice landrace called Changmaogu (CMG) collected from a coastal beach of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The salt tolerance of CMG was much better than that of the international recognized salt tolerant rice cultivar Pokkali in the germination and seedling stages. Results To understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance in CMG, we performed BSA-seq for two extreme bulks derived from the cross between CMG and a cultivar sensitive to salt, Zhefu802. Transcriptomic sequencing was conducted for CMG at the germination and young seedling stages. Six candidate regions for salt tolerance were mapped on Chromosome 1 by BSA-seq using the extreme populations. Based on the polymorphisms identified between both parents, we detected 32 genes containing nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and frameshift mutations in the open reading frame (ORF) regions. With transcriptomic sequencing, we detected a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the germination and seedling stages under salt stress. KEGG analysis indicated two of 69 DEGs shared at the germination and seedling stages were significantly enriched in the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis. Of the 169 overlapping DEGs among three sample points at the seedling stage, 13 and six DEGs were clustered into the pathways of ABA signal transduction and carotenoid biosynthesis, respectively. Of the 32 genes carrying sequence variation, only OsPP2C8 (Os01g0656200) was differentially expressed in the young seedling stage under salt stress and also showed sequence polymorphism in the ORFs between CMG and Zhefu802. Conclusion OsPP2C8 was identified as the target candidate gene for salinity tolerance in the seedling stage. This provides an important genetic resource for the breeding of novel salt tolerant rice cultivars.

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Comparison between the Transcriptomes of ‘KDML105’ Rice and a Salt-Tolerant Chromosome Segment Substitution Line

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Nopphawitchayaphong Khrueasan ◽

Panita Chutimanukul ◽

Kitiporn Plaimas ◽

Teerapong Buaboocha ◽

Meechai Siangliw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Rice Genome ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Salt Stress Response

‘KDML105’ rice, known as jasmine rice, is grown in northeast Thailand. The soil there has high salinity, which leads to low productivity. Chromosome substitution lines (CSSLs) with the ‘KDML105’ rice genetic background were evaluated for salt tolerance. CSSL18 showed the highest salt tolerance among the four lines tested. Based on a comparison between the CSSL18 and ‘KDML105’ transcriptomes, more than 27,000 genes were mapped onto the rice genome. Gene ontology enrichment of the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that different mechanisms were involved in the salt stress responses between these lines. Biological process and molecular function enrichment analysis of the DEGs from both lines revealed differences in the two-component signal transduction system, involving LOC_Os04g23890, which encodes phototropin 2 (PHOT2), and LOC_Os07g44330, which encodes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), the enzyme that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase in respiration. OsPHOT2 expression was maintained in CSSL18 under salt stress, whereas it was significantly decreased in ‘KDML105’, suggesting OsPHOT2 signaling may be involved in salt tolerance in CSSL18. PDK expression was induced only in ‘KDML105’. These results suggested respiration was more inhibited in ‘KDML105’ than in CSSL18, and this may contribute to the higher salt susceptibility of ‘KDML105’ rice. Moreover, the DEGs between ‘KDML105’ and CSSL18 revealed the enrichment in transcription factors and signaling proteins located on salt-tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 1. Two of them, OsIRO2 and OsMSR2, showed the potential to be involved in salt stress response, especially, OsMSR2, whose orthologous genes in Arabidopsis had the potential role in photosynthesis adaptation under salt stress.

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Genome-wide association analysis of cotton salt stress response-related sites

10.1101/2021.09.01.458514 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeliang Zhang ◽

Juyun Zheng ◽

Zhaolong Gong ◽

Yajun Liang ◽

Zhiwei Sang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Salt Tolerance Index

Soil salinization is the main abiotic stress factor affecting agricultural production worldwide, and salt stress has a significant impact on plant growth and development. Cotton is one of the most salt-tolerant crops. Its salt tolerance varies greatly depending on the variety, growth stage, organs, and soil salt types. Therefore, the selection and utilization of excellent salt-tolerant germplasm resources and the excavation of excellent salt-tolerant salt and salt resistance genes play important roles in improving cotton production in saline-alkali soils. In this study, we analysed the population structure and genetic diversity of 144 elite Gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions collected from around the world, and especially from China. Illumina Cotton SNP 70K was used to obtain genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 149 experimental materials, and 18,432 highly consistent SNP loci were obtained by filtering. PCA (principal component analysis)indicated that 149 upland cotton materials could be divided into 2 subgroups, including subgroup 1 with 78 materials and subgroup 2 with 71 materials. Using the obtained SNP and other marker genotype test results, under salt stress, the salt tolerance traits 3d_Germination_potential, 3d_Bud_length_drop_rate, 7d_Germination_rate, 7d_Bud_length_drop_rate, 7d_Germination_weight, 3d_Bud_length, 7d_Bud_length, relative_germination_potential, Relative_germination_rate, 7d_Bud_weight_drop_rate, Salt tolerance index 3d_Germination_potential_index, 3d_Bud_length_index, 7d_Bud_length_index, 7d_Bud_weight_index, and 7d_Germination_rate_index were evaluated by genome association analysis. A total of 27 SNP markers closely related to salt tolerance traits and 15 SNP markers closely related to salt tolerance index were detected. At the SNP locus associated with the traits of the bud length decline rate at 7 days, alleles Gh_A01G0034 and Gh_D01G0028 related to plant salt tolerance were detected, and they are related to intracellular transport, membrane microtubule formation and actin network. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant upland cotton varieties.

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A Simple and Cost-effective Approach for Salt Tolerance Evaluation in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedlings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14065-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 1280-1287

Author(s):

Waltram Ravelombola ◽

Jun Qin ◽

Yuejin Weng ◽

Beiquan Mou ◽

Ainong Shi

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Leaf Injury

Little has been done with respect to breeding for salt-tolerant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars despite of salt stress being a growing threat to cowpea production. Seedling stage is one the most susceptible stages to salt stress in cowpea. Establishing a streamlined methodology for rapidly screening a large number of genotypes will significantly contribute toward enhancing cowpea breeding for salt tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish and validate a simple approach for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea seedlings. A total of 30 genotypes including two controls (PI582468, a salt-tolerant genotype, and PI255774, a salt-sensitive genotype) were greenhouse-grown under 0 mm and 200 mm NaCl. A total of 14 above-ground traits were evaluated. Results revealed: (1) significant differences were observed in average number of dead plants per pot, leaf injury scores, relative salt tolerance (RST) for chlorophyll, plant height, and leaf and stem biomass among the 30 genotypes; (2) all PI255774 plants were completely dead, whereas those of PI582438 were fully green after 2 weeks of salt stress, which validated this methodology; (3) RST for chlorophyll content was highly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; (4) RST for leaf biomass was moderately correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; and (5) RST in plant height was poorly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores Therefore, less number of dead plants per pot, high chlorophyll content, and less leaf injury scores were good criteria for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea. This study provided a simple methodology and suggested straightforward criteria to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage in cowpea.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

10.21203/rs.2.16313/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Cong An ◽

Hailin Guo ◽

Xiangyang Yang ◽

Jingbo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K + /Na + ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na + transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K + absorption in the roots and reducing K + secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K + /Na + ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

10.21203/rs.2.16313/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Cong An ◽

Hailin Guo ◽

Xiangyang Yang ◽

Jingbo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots were identified as a significant time point and tissue type. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

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