Cervical Infection withHerpes simplexVirus,Chlamydia trachomatis, andNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong Symptomatic Women, Dubai, UAE: A Molecular Approach

Tragically, genital tract infections are still a major public health problem in many regions. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cervical infection withHerpes simplexvirus (HSV),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT), andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) among married women referring to Iranian Hospital, Dubai, UAE. In a retrospective cross-sectional survey, 201 female patients aged 16–80 years who referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Iranian Hospital, Dubai, UAE, in 2010 were enrolled. The patients were categorized into three age groups: 15–30 (group I), 31–40 (group II), and≥41 years old (group III). A cervical swab sample was collected from each woman and the prevalence of cervical infection with HSV, CT, and NG was determined by PCR method. HSV, CT, and NG were detected in 6.5%, 10.4%, and 5.5% of swab samples, respectively. Regarding age, a significant difference was noticed for prevalence of NG and HSV between groups I and III. Because of public health importance of sexual transmitted diseases (STDs), their long-lasting impact on quality of life, and their economic burden, preventing measures and education of women seem necessary.

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Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2019.823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sokhna Thiam ◽

Guéladio Cissé ◽

Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽

Aminata Niang-Diène ◽

Jürg Utzinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Varying Coefficients ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Conditional Autoregressive ◽

Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

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Does Anaemia Have Major Public Health Importance in Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Duggina Fanigo District of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia?

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000484324 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yohannes Samuel Tiku ◽

Tefera Chane Mekonnen ◽

Shimelash Bitew Workie ◽

Endale Amare

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Adult Life ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Public Health Importance

Background: Globally, a large number of children aged 6–59 months are affected by anaemia. In Ethiopia, like other developing countries, more than 40% of children under 5 years are affected by anaemia. Anaemia during infancy and childhood period is associated with poor health and impaired cognitive development, leading to reduced academic achievement and earning potential in their adult life. The aim of this research was to assess whether anaemia remained a major public health problem among children aged 6–59 months or not in Duggina Fanigo District of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia in 2016. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2016, on 404 mothers with children aged 6–59 months who were selected through the systematic sampling method. Socio-demographic and other data on associated factors was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Capillary blood was taken from the fingertip of each child and hemoglobin was measured using Haemo-Cue digital photometer. All the necessary safety measures were taken during blood collection. Data analysis was made using SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of independent variables with outcome variables and to control the possible confounding factors. Result: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 51.4%. Anaemia was common among young children as compared to older children. After controlling the effect of confounding and adjusting for age, gender and altitude, explanatory variables like low dietary diversity (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI [1.68–6.23]), food insecurity (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI [2.18–6.04]), stunting (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.56–4.35]), underweight (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI [1.29–4.67]) and fever within 2 weeks (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI [1.29–4.81]) prior to the survey were significantly associated with anaemia. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months has remained a major public health importance in the study area. Integrated efforts need to be prioritized to improve the health as well as the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months through appropriate feeding practices in infants and children.

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Study of Personality Traits of Tobacco-Users and Non-Users among Students

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0201.022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Ruturaj H. Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Health Problem ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Tobacco Prevention ◽

Gujarat State ◽

Significant Difference

Tobacco use is a multi- dimensional and a worldwide problem with an alarming increase in its incidences. Adolescence continuing use of tobacco is major public health problem in India. The present study was attempted to study the personality traits of tobacco users (TU) than tobacco non-users (TNU) students. The purposive sampling method was adopted to select the sample. The sample consisted of 100 subject with tobacco users (n=50) and non-users (n=50) were selected from different schools and colleges of Jamnagar city of Gujarat state. The tools used were Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, gujarati version. Student-T test was used to analyses the data. The present study revealed that there is significant difference between student tobacco users and non-users on Neuroticism and Extraversion dimensions of personality. Student tobacco users score higher on both dimensions of personality than non-users. Conclusion: when tobacco prevention and intervention program are developed, these personality traits should be consider in addition to physiological aspects.

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Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003245 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 202-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lamis Jomaa ◽

Farah Naja ◽

Samer Kharroubi ◽

Nahla Hwalla

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Households With Children

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

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Leishmania, microbiota and sand fly immunity

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018001014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 145 (10) ◽

pp. 1336-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Erich Loza Telleria ◽

Andrea Martins-da-Silva ◽

Antonio Jorge Tempone ◽

Yara Maria Traub-Csekö

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Public Health Importance

AbstractIn this review, we explore the state-of-the-art of sand fly relationships with microbiota, viruses and Leishmania, with particular emphasis on the vector immune responses. Insect-borne diseases are a major public health problem in the world. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven vectors of several aetiological agents including viruses, bacteria and the trypanosomatid Leishmania, which are responsible for diseases such as viral encephalitis, bartonellosis and leishmaniasis, respectively. All metazoans in nature coexist intimately with a community of commensal microorganisms known as microbiota. The microbiota has a fundamental role in the induction, maturation and function of the host immune system, which can modulate host protection from pathogens and infectious diseases. We briefly review viruses of public health importance present in sand flies and revisit studies done on bacterial and fungal gut contents of these vectors. We bring this information into the context of sand fly development and immune responses. We highlight the immunity mechanisms that the insect utilizes to survive the potential threats involved in these interactions and discuss the recently discovered complex interactions among microbiota, sand fly, Leishmania and virus. Additionally, some of the alternative control strategies that could benefit from the current knowledge are considered.

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CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.01.5047 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

MISS NAGEEN HUSSAIN

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Rubella Virus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Fetal Tissue ◽

Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Placental Barrier ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Congenital Rubella

Rubella is a major public health problem which is usually a mild rashillness in children and adults. However, its seriousness and public health importance stems from the ability of Rubellavirus to cross the placental barrier and infect fetal tissue, which may result in congenital rubella syndrome. Themechanism by which Rubella virus causes fetal damage is not well understood. Congenital rubella syndrome is anunder-recognized public health problem in Pakistan and can be reduced by vaccinating all seronegative women

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Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.1.28 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Annie Mino ◽

Arnaud Bousquet ◽

Barbara Broers

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Family Support ◽

Drug Users ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 967-971

Author(s):

Poonam Thakre ◽

Waqar M. Naqvi ◽

Trupti Deshmukh ◽

Nikhil Ingole ◽

Sourabh Deshmukh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

High Rate ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Front Line ◽

The Many ◽

Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

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